Abstract: A process for polymerizing olefins is disclosed which makes use of a catalyst comprising a cyclopentadienyl lanthanide halide alkali metal ether complex in combination with a cocatalyst comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkyl. Preferred embodiments include the use of hydrogen during the polymerization or the use of an organoaluminum hydride as an additional cocatalyst.

Abstract: A lanthanide based olefin polymerization catalyst and its use in polymerization are disclosed. The lanthanide based catalyst is prepared by contacting a lanthanide halide with an ether, then contacting the resulting lanthanide composition with an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkyl compound, and depositing the resulting lanthanide product on a particulate support.

Abstract: Olefinic polymer exhibiting high environmental stress crack resistance are produced by contacting the olefin charge stock in a single reactor with a compatible mix of two transition metal catalyst systems. One component of the catalyst system comprises chromium oxide supported on an aluminophosphate material. Hydrogen can be used as adjuvant for the hexavalent chromium component of the catalyst mixture. The second catalyst component consists essentially of a beta-stabilized tetrahydrocarbyl zirconium compound supported on inorganic support material. The catalysts can be premixed before use in the reactor, or can be added to the reactor separately. A suitable cocatalyst can be utilized.

Abstract: Catalysts for the polymerization of olefins, obtained by means of the reaction of:a) a compound of a transition metal containing at least one metal-halogen linkage, supported on a magnesium halide in the active form, withb) a compound of Ti, Zr or Hf, containing at least one metal-carbon linkage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two component catalyst system for polymerization of metathesis polymerizable cycloolefins, comprising(a) a tungsten compound of the formula WOCl.sub.4-x (OAr).sub.x wherein Ar represents a hindered phenyl ring having bulky alkyl, alkoxyl halogen or aryl groups in the 2,6 position, i.e., diisopropyl or phenyl group and x=1, 2 or 3; and(b) an activator compound that is triphenyl tin hydride or trialkyl tin hydride, preferably a tributyltin hydride.Among the preferred molecules or groups that are substituted on the phenyl ring of the tungsten compound include chlorine, bromine, phenyl, methoxy and isopropyl. Ar may also represent a multisubstituted phenyl group such as 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl phenyl.

Abstract: A process is described for the polymerization of dicyclopentadiene using a novel catalyst system comprising (a) a tungsten compound which is the reaction product of a tungsten halide with a phenol which is not substituted with a bulky alkyl group at positions ortho with respect to the hydroxyl group, and (b) a trihydrocarbyl tin hydride.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for the polymerization of cyclic olefins, such as dicyclopentadiene, are disclosed. The catalyst includes a transition metal compound and a borohydride co-catalyst, with optional boron halide promoter. Polymerization can be carried out in a reaction injection molding process to prepare a thermoset molded article.

Abstract: A monocyclopentadienyl or substituted monocyclopentadienyl metal complex containing compound useful as a polymerization catalyst corresponding to the formula:CpMX.sub.n.sup.+ A.sup.-wherein:Cp is a single .eta..sup.5 -cyclopentadienyl or .eta..sup.5 -substituted cyclopentadienyl group optionally covalently bonded to M through a substituent;M is a metal of Group 3-10 or the Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table bound in the .eta..sup.5 bonding mode to the cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl group;X each occurrence independently is selected from the group consisting of hydride, halo, alkyl, aryl, silyl, germyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, amide, siloxy, neutral Lewis base ligands and combinations thereof having up to 20 non-hydrogen atoms, and optionally one X together with Cp forms a metallocycle with M;R is alkyl or aryl of up to 10 carbons;n is one or two depending on the valence of M; andA is a noncoordinating, compatible anion of a Bronsted acid salt.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising:(i) a catalyst precursor, which includes: magnesium; titanium; a halogen, which is chlorine, bromine, or iodine, or a mixture thereof; one or two inside electron donors; and a cerium (IV) compound;(ii) a hydrocarbylaluminum cocatalyst; and(iii) a selectivity control agent wherein the atomic ratio of aluminum to titanium is in the range of about 5 to about 300 and the molar ratio of aluminum to selectivity control agent is in the range of about 0.1 to about 100.

Abstract: A lanthanide base olefin polymerization catalyst and its use in polymerization are disclosed. The lanthanide based catalyst is prepared by contacting a lanthanide halide with an ether, then contacting the resulting lanthanide composition with an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkyl compound, and depositing the resulting lanthanide product on a particulate support.

Abstract: This invention relates to bidentate transition metal catalyst compositions useful for coordination polymerization of alpha olefin monomers. The novel catalyst compounds are prepared by:(1) reacting a transition trihalide, a transition metal trialkoxide or mixed tri(halide/alkoxide), or the adducts of these materials with Lewis bases, with two equivalents of a bidentate chelating ligand; or(2) reacting two equivalents of the same or different transition metal (+3) tris chelates with one equivalent of a transition metal trihalide or its adduct with Lewis bases.The invention chelating ligands are those which contain at least two, and preferably not more than two, hetero atoms such as O, N, P, or S, separated by a hydrocarbon radical providing sufficient chain length so as to allow both hetero atoms to chelate the same metal atom. The chelating ligand must have at least one easily removable positive ion which is lost on chelation to afford a uninegative, bidentate ligand.

Abstract: This invention is a process for preparing a polymer which comprises contacting pure dicyclopentadiene with a pure tungsten catalyst complex, such as WCl.sub.3 (2,6-diisopropylphenoxy).sub.3, when tributyl tin hydride or triphenyl tin hydride is used as the activator for the polymerization. This process affords a method of polymerization of dicyclopentadiene in which the mixture gels slowly without the use of a rate moderator at 80.degree. C. (in from about 15 seconds to as much as two minutes or more) and furthermore cures quite slowly (in about 3-6 minutes). This delay makes these compositions particularly applicable to reaction injection molding processes. Moreover, both the tungsten complexes and the tin activator compounds employed in this invention are relatively insensitive to oxygen and water.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst for the polymerization of butadiene to obtain a polymer containing a very high content of cis isomer in which a specified neodymium carboxylate, an aluminium hydrocarbyl or aluminium hydrocarbyl hydride and a source of halogen are contacted using a particular procedure.

Abstract: A process for preparing molded objects wherein a liquid reaction mass comprised of a metathesis polymerizable cycloolefin, a metathesis polymerization catalyst, a catalyst activator and a reaction rate moderator are charged to a mold wherein polymerization will take place, the improvement wherein said catalyst activator comprises a dialkylzinc compound. Significantly increased gel and cure times are obtained with the dialkylzinc compounds as compared to the use of aluminum alkyl activator compounds. The gel and cure times may be further controlled by the addition of a phenolic compound to the tungsten or molybdenum compound or by the addition of a Lewis base.

Abstract: A plywood-patching composition is provided based on a non-cellular polyurethane elastomer prepared by reacting a polyether or polyester polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalytic amount of a co-catalyst system comprising an organo-bismuth compound, preferably a bismuth salt of a carboxylic acid, and at least one organo-metallic compound, preferably a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of zinc, antimony and lithium and wherein the bismuth and metal are present in an effective mole ratio; and process for preparing same. The catalysts utilized are relatively non-toxic, yet they promote rapid polymerization with essentially no foaming for a wide variety of non-cellular polyurethane elastomeric applications, particularly in plywood-patch applications where even small amounts of foaming are deleterious to the properties thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the polymerization of norbornene derivatives which comprises contacting the monomer(s) with a catalytic system comprising the following two components:(1) a tungsten compound which is the product of combining a tungsten halide with a para-trihalomethylphenol which can be described by the formula ##STR1## in which each R is selected from alkyl and halide, and (2) a compound of the general formula: ##STR2## in which at least two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are selected from unsubstituted and substituted C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl.

Abstract: This invention is a process for preparing a polymer which comprises contacting pure dicyclopentadiene with a pure tungsten catalyst complex, such as WCl.sub.3 (2,6-diisopropylphenoxy).sub.3, when tributyl tin hydride or triphenyl tin hydride is used as the activator for the polymerization. This process affords a method of polymerization of dicyclopentadiene in which the mixture gels slowly without the use of a rate moderator at 80.degree. C. (in from about 15 seconds to as much as two minutes or more) and furthermore cures quite slowly (in about 3-6 minutes). This delay makes these compositions particularly applicable to reaction injection molding processes. Moreover, both the tungsten complexes and the tin activator compounds employed in this invention are relatively insensitive to oxygen and water.

Abstract: There is described a method of selectively and continuously converting a cyanohydrin to its corresponding aldehyde using as a catalyst zerovalent palladium dispersed on an organic polymeric resin with a surface area above 30 m.sup.2 /g under highly acidic conditions where the formed imine is resistant to further reduction to the amine. Where the aqueous cyanohydrin feedstock contains more than 1.4 equivalent proportions of a strong acid, less than 5% of the theoretical yield of amine is formed. Hydrogenation may be performed at a pressure as great as 2000 psig without significant deleterious effects on selectivity. Hydrolysis of the hydrogenation product affords the corresponding aldehydes in good yields.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid which comprises oxidizing a 2-alkyl-6-acyl naphthalene with molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing cobalt, manganese, bromine and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper and mixtures thereof in an acetic acid solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A polymer stabilized colloidal transition metal solution wherein the monomer unit of the polymer has the chemical formula R.sub.x MO, where M is a metal, R is an alkyl group, and x is two less than the valence of M.

Abstract: Novel organotin curing catalysts for, e.g., the RTV organopolysiloxanes, whether single- or two-component such compositions, are comprised of admixture of (i) a diorganotin bis(.beta.-diketonate) and (ii) an organotin (IV) compound devoid of .beta.-diketonato functional group. The silicone elastomers produced thereby are notably well adopted for use in the building industry.

Abstract: Improved catalytic systems of long active duration, comprising initially (a) a tungsten compound, (b) an organometallic compound and (c) a partially or totally fluorinated organic compound.Process of stabilization of these catalytic systems, comprising dissolving (a) in an organic solvent, contacting (b) with (a), agitation and heating at 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. for 0.5 to 60 minutes, then introduction of (c) into the mixture of (a) and (b).Use of these stabilised catalytic systems for the metathesis of olefins which carry functional groups or do not carry such groups.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of non-cellular or cellular polyurethane elastomers by the reaction of(a) an organic polyisocyanate, preferably in the form of NCO groups containing prepolymers and/or modified urethane group containing organic polyisocyanates with(b) a higher molecular weight compound having at least two reactive hydrogen atoms,(c) a polyester polyol containing tin and/or titanium compounds as catalysts, and optionally(d) a chain extending agent and/or crosslinking agent in the presence of(e) blowing agents,(f) auxiliaries and/or additiveswhereby from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the (b) component, of a polyester polyol is used as a catalyst, which is prepared by the polycondensation of organic polycarboxylic acid with multivalent alcohols in the presence of from 0.002 to 5 weight percent, based on the weight of the polycondensation mixture, of a titanium and/or tin compound used as a catalyst at temperatures from 150.degree. to 200.degree.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing cyclized aromatic compounds by the liquid-phase air oxidation of 2-methyl-substituted biphenyls and diphenylmethanes in an acetic acid medium in the presence of a cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or a zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst wherein the mole ratio of cobalt-to-manganese is about 1.0:0.1 to about 1.0:10.0 and the ratio of zirconium-to-cobalt is about 0.005:1.0 to about 0.20:1.0, and mole ratio of bromine to total metals of said cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst is from about 0.2:1.0 to about 20.0:1.0, which process comprises conducting the reaction in a batch process at a temperature of from 75.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. at a pressure of from 1 to 100 atmospheres, or continuously in two stages comprising a first-stage reaction at a temperature of about 75.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. and a second-stage reaction at a temperature of about 150.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m is an integer from 0 to 3, y is an integer from 1 to 3, x and z are each an integer from 0 to 2, n and p are each an integer from 1 to 20, with the proviso that m+yp=4n, the sum of x, y and z is 3.

Abstract: A process for producing a novel-highly active lanthanide containing catalyst comprising the product produced by reacting a lanthanide hydride, a Lewis acid, and an electron donor ligand with an organoaluminum cocatalyst component and its use in the polymerization of olefins, especially olefins such as ethylene and 1,3-butadiene.

Abstract: A novel method of oxidizing di- and trimethylbenzenes with molecular oxygen to the corresponding di- or tricarboxylic acid under liquid-phase conditions is disclosed. The process is conducted at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to 260.degree. C. This process comprises conducting the oxidation in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a source of bromine with nickel, manganese and zirconium. The benzene di- and tricarboxylic acids have wide industrial application, including the manufacture of polyesters, polyamides, and fibers and films.

Abstract: Anthraquinone is produced by reacting phthalic anhydride in the vapor phase over a catalyst which may be an oxide of the Group 4b metals zirconium, hafnium, and titanium, the Group 5b metals niobium, tantalum, and vanadium, or the rare earths cerium and thorium such oxides, preferably being treated with sulfuric acid and calcined. Substituted anthraquinones may be produced by employing the corresponding substituted phthalic anhydrides.

Abstract: Monocarboxylic anhydrides of the general formula (RCO).sub.2 O are made by reacting a carboxylic acid ester or dialkylether of the general formulae RCOOR and ROR, respectively, in which R stands for one and the same alkyl radical having from 1-4 carbon atoms, with carbon monoxide in gas phase, in the presence of iodine or bromine or their compounds as a reaction promoter and also in the presence of a carrier-supported catalyst containing noble metal compounds of group VIII of the Periodic System, at temperatures of 130.degree.-400.degree. C. and under pressures of 1-150 bars. To this end, a novel carrier-supported catalyst is used in which the carrier material has a noble metal/chelate-compound formed of the noble metal compound and a chelator containing organonitrogen, organophosphorus, organoarsenic or organosulfur groups applied to it.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dicarboxylate esters by reacting an optionally substituted ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atoms less than said dicarboxylic acid, CO and an alcohol in the presence of a Group VIII noble metal or a compound thereof, a quinone and optionally, a redox agent and molecular oxygen.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of diesters of 2-butenedioic acids by reacting an optionally substituted acetylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atoms less than said 2-butenedioic acid, carbon monoxide, a quinone in the presence of a of Group VIII noble metal or a compound thereof, and optionally, a redox agent.

Abstract: The invention is a process for preparing a polymer which comprises contacting dicyclopentadiene with a catalyst comprising a phenolic substituted tungsten halide and a trialkyltin hydride or triphenyltin hydride and recovering said polymer. The invention is also a polymer of dicyclopentadiene as prepared in the process of the invention and a catalyst used in the process of the invention to prepare said polymer.

Abstract: Preparation of diesters of alkanedioic acids by reacting a dihydrocarbyl peroxide with carbon monoxide and optionally with an alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of a solvent, a Group VIII noble metal or a compound thereof and of a cupric salt.

Abstract: The dimerization of acrylate esters and of ethene and the codimerization of acrylate esters with C.sub.2-4 -alkenes or 1,3-butadiene and of 1,3-butadiene with ethene in the presence of:(a) a Pd and/or Ru compound,(b) a compound containing one trivalent N or P atom, and(c) an Ag and/or Cu salt,yields at an increased reaction rate dimers of high linearity, when a quinone is also present.

Abstract: A process for the production of a dialkyl carbonate, e.g. dimethyl carbonate, or a dialkyl oxalate, e.g. dimethyl oxalate, from butane, oxygen carbon monoxide and an alcohol is provided in a series of integrated process steps. In the case of a dialkyl oxalate, the product can be hydrogenated further to produce an ether of ethylene glycol.

Abstract: Anthraquinone is produced by reacting phthalic anhydride with benzene in the liquid phase over a super acid catalyst which may be an oxide of the Group 4b metals zirconium, hafnium, and titanium, or the Group 5b metals niobium, tantalum, and vanadium, preferably zirconium oxide, such oxides being treated with sulfuric acid and calcined. The process may also be applied to substituted equivalents, such as methyl phthalic anhydride and toluene.

Abstract: This invention relates to the carbonylation of olefins. More particularly it involves the carbonylation of an .alpha.-olefins such as ethylene to form diesters, such as, for example, dimethyl succinate, 3-methoxypropionate and dimethylcarbonate by a process comprising reacting said olefin with carbon monoxide, oxygen and an alkanol in the presence of a heterogeneous palladium/copper catalyst, on a polymer support.

Abstract: The specification discloses pentaalkylcyclopentadienyl actinide complexes and their use as catalysts for polymerizing lower molecular weight alkenes.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions are disclosed which are a combination of a supported titanium compound such as titanium tetraisopropoxide supported on magnesium dichloride and at least one other supported metallic catalyst such as dicyclopentadienyl zirconium dichloride supported on alumina and a cocatalyst such as aluminoxane. These catalysts are useful in the polymerization of .alpha.-olefins.

Abstract: Improved process of metathesis of olefins by contact of one or more olefins with a catalyst comprising a tungsten complex with two phenoxy groups, carrying substituents and four other ligands, the complex carrying as coordination groups a halogen atom, an alkyl radical and a carbene. The catalyst preferably is of the formula ##STR1## where X is halogen, R is hydrocarbon or an electronegative group or atom, R.sup.1 is alkyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are individually hydrogen or alkyl groups.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an ester of dicarboxylic acid from an alkene, carbon monoxide. The process is catalyzed by a catalyst which comprises a platinum group metal, for example palladium, and a copper compound. To avoid catalyst deactivation the process is carried out in the presence of a dihydrocarbyl peroxide which is reduced to a hydrocarbyl alcohol under the process conditions. The process can be used, for example, to prepare succinate esters from ethylene, carbon monoxide, an alcohol and a dihydrocarbyl peroxide such as di-tertiary butyl peroxide.

Abstract: Improved catalyst for the metathesis of olefins comprising a compound of W with a halogen and with a phenoxy group which can carry substituents. It contains 4 halogen atoms and 2 phenoxy groups per atom of W. Preferably, the phenoxy group is halogenated. This catalyst allows the more rapid carrying out of various types of metathesis reactions, when it is used as a co-catalyst in conjunction with organo-metallic compounds, particularly Al or Sn. Amongst others, it allows the economical preparation of pheromones. It is practically insensitive to traces of water and oxygen.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for dimerizing lower alkyl acrylates or lower alkyl methacrylates utilizing a bis(ethylene) rhodium tetrafluoroborate catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst system comprising (a) a compound of a rare earth element and, as cocatalyst, a second component (b) comprising an organomagnesium compound. In the polymerization of a conjugated diene this catalyst gives a polymer having a very high content of trans 1,4 isomer. A third component (c) which is a Lewis acid alters the reaction to give a polymer having a very high content of cis 1,4 isomer. If desired reaction can be initiated using components (a) and (b) alone and component (c) then added at the desired conversion to produce a block polymer having a block of high trans content followed by a block of high cis content.

Abstract: A process for producing a novel-highly active lanthanide containing catalysts comprising products formed by reacting a lanthanide halide, and an electron doner ligand with an organometal cocatalyst component and its use in the polymerization of olefins, especially olefins such as ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and the like. In one embodiment, an organic base is used to increase catalyst activity in those instances where rare earth metal halide-ligand complex is formed with a ligand containing an acidic proton. In another embodiment, diolefins and vinyl aromatics are polymerized in a two-stage process employing a lanthanide complex-organometal cocatalyst in the first stage and a free radical initiator in the second stage.

Abstract: A polymerization catalyst composition including ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; m is 4 or 6 and n is 0 or 1. Preferably the composition also includes, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, an alkyl or alkoxy group of form 1 to 5 carbons. Preferably r is 1; m is 4 and R is nonyl and the molar ratio of WCl.sub.m O.sub.n to ##STR3## is from about 1:1 to about 1:3.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst component produced by impregnating polyethylene with a pulverized solid olefin polymerization catalyst containing a Group 4b or 5b transition metal, for example a pulverized magnesium chloride containing titanium is impregnated in low molecular weight polyethylene by copulvering, then subjecting the impregnated polymer particles to shear in an inert medium at about the softening point of the polyethylene, which when used as a cocatalyst with an organoaluminum compound produces polymers of improved morphology having a more regular shape and higher bulk density than pulverized catalyst alone.

Abstract: A process for producing a novel-highly active lanthanide containing catalyst comprising the product formed by admixing a lanthanide hydroxyhalide and an electron donor bidentate organic ligand chosen from among diamines, dihydric alcohols, and diketones with an organoaluminum cocatalyst component and its use in the polymerization of olefins, especially olefins such as ethylene and 1,3-butadiene.

Abstract: A Pd/heteropolyacid/boric acid catalyst system, when used with proper diluents, improves the oxidation of olefins to ketones, while reducing scum and deposits on reactor surfaces.

Abstract: Improved catalyst for the metathesis of olefins comprising a compound of W with a halogen and with a phenoxy group which can carry substituents. It contains 4 halogen atoms and 2 phenoxy groups per atom of W. Preferably, the phenoxy group is halogenated. This catalyst allows the more rapid carrying out of various types of metathesis reactions, when it is used as a co-catalyst in conjunction with organo-metallic compounds, particularly Al or Sn. Among others, it allows the economical preparation of pheromones. It is practically insensitive to traces of water and oxygen.