Abstract: A multimetallic nanoscale catalyst having a sore portion enveloped by a shell portion and exhibiting high catalytic activity and improved catalytic durability. In various embodiments, the core/shell nanoparticles comprise a gold particle coated with a catalytically active platinum bimetallic material. The shape of the nanoparticles is substantially defined by the particle shape of the core portion. The nanoparticles may be dispersed on a high surface area substrate for use as a catalyst and is characterized by no significant loss in surface area and specific activity following extended potential cycling.

Abstract: Nanoparticles which contain noble metals alone or noble metals in combination with base metals. The nanoparticles are embedded in an aqueous solution of a temporary stabilizer based on a polysaccharide.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst, comprising a carbon support having a noble metal at its surface, for use in catalyzing liquid phase oxidation reactions, especially in an acidic oxidative environment and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; a process for the preparation of the improved catalyst; a liquid phase oxidation process using such a catalyst wherein the catalyst exhibits improved resistance to noble metal leaching, particularly in acidic oxidative environments and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; and a liquid phase oxidation process in which N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (i.e., “PMIDA”) or a salt thereof is oxidized to form N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (i.e., “glyphosate”) or a salt thereof using such a catalyst wherein the oxidation of the formaldehyde and formic acid by-products into carbon dioxide and water is increased.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a matrix containing nanosized metal components and carbon nanotubes, with the carbon nanotubes being produced in situ by the nanosized metal components upon the contacting of the nanosized metal components with a carbon source under conditions sufficient to produce the carbon nanotubes. Also disclosed are methods of producing the matrix containing the nanosized metal components and carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A platinum alloy catalyst PtXY, wherein X is nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, titanium or manganese and Y is tantalum or niobium, characterised in that in the alloy the atomic percentage of platinum is 46-75 at %, of X is 1-49 at % and of Y is 1-35 at %; provided that the alloy is not 66 at % Pt20 at % Cr14 at % Ta or 50 at % Pt, 25 at % Co, 25 at % Ta is disclosed. The catalyst has particular use as an oxygen reduction catalyst in fuel cells, and in particular in phosphoric acid fuel cells.

Abstract: A method of producing a primary amine by the hydrogenation of a nitrile in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron. Before use in the hydrogenation of nitrile, the hydrogenation catalyst is pretreated with at least one treating agent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters and carbon monoxide at 150 to 500° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of increasing the mesopore volume of a porous activated carbon, comprising coating a porous activated carbon with a metal oxide or metal oxide precursor to form a treated activated carbon; and calcining the treated activated carbon, in a dry atmosphere, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to increase the mesopore volume of the treated activated carbon. The invention also provides an activated carbon having a total mesopore volume of at least about 0.10 cc/g and less than about 0.25 cc/g, and a percentage of mesopore volume per total pore volume of at least about 15% and less than about 35%. Activated carbon modified according to the invention, cigarette filters incorporating such activated carbon, and smoking articles made with such filters are included in the invention.

Abstract: A method of forming a supported catalyst for a fuel cell includes depositing platinum onto a carbon support material, depositing a first alloy metal onto the carbon support material following the deposition of the platinum, and depositing a second alloy metal onto the carbon support material following the deposition of the first alloy metal. The first alloy metal is selected from iridium, rhodium, palladium, and combinations thereof, and the second alloy metal includes a first or second row transition metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbonaceous oil. In one aspect, solid carbon materials are provided having stable sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidative species on the surface thereof. Such materials are useful in the production of low sulfur hydrocarbon feedstocks and in the removal of refractory sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: In the method of embodiments of the invention, the metal seeded carbon allotropes are reacted in solution forming zero valent metallic nanowires at the seeded sites. A polymeric passivating reagent, which selects for anisotropic growth is also used in the reaction to facilitate nanowire formation. The resulting structure resembles a porcupine, where carbon allotropes have metallic wires of nanometer dimensions that emanate from the seed sites on the carbon allotrope. These sites are populated by nanowires having approximately the same diameter as the starting nanoparticle diameter.

Abstract: A catalyst composition including a proton conductive metal oxide, and a fuel cell employing an electrode using the same. The proton conductivity of an electrode catalyst layer and distribution of a phosphoric acid electrolyte are enhanced, and thus the performance of the fuel cell is enhanced.

Abstract: Catalysts for replacing rhenium-containing multimetallic catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of organic compounds to desired polyols, including the conversion of glycerol to propylene glycol, are described. The catalysts are carried on carbon supports, as well as carbon supports impregnated with Zirconium Scandium (ZrSc), Zirconium Yttrium (ZrY), Titanium Scandium (TiSc), or Titanium Yttrium (TiY) to texture the carbon support and to create oxygen-ion vacancies that can be used during the desired reactions. Processes for the hydrogenolysis of organic compounds to desired polyols using the disclosed catalysts, including the conversion of glycerol to propylene glycol, are also described.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a process for making polyol ethers by reacting a polyol and a carbonyl compound together in the presence of hydrogen gas and a palladium hydrogenation catalyst on an acidic mesoporous carbon support.

Abstract: Methods of making supported monolithic gold (Au) catalysts that can be used for generating a hydrogen-rich gas from gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water via a water gas shift reaction, and for the removal of carbon monoxide from air at a low reaction temperature via its oxidation reaction are described. Methods of making highly dispersed gold catalysts on washcoated monoliths and the stabilization of monolithic catalyst supports by the addition of a third metal oxide, such as zirconia (ZrO2), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), or manganese oxide (MnxOy). The catalyst supports and/or washcoats may include a variety of transition metal oxides such as alpha iron oxide (?-Fe2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2), ZrO2, gamma alumina (?-Al2O3), or their combinations.

Abstract: A sorbent body adapted for abating toxic elements from a fluid stream, such as a carbon combustion flue gas stream or a syngas stream produced in coal gasification process, and process for making such sorbent. The sorbent body comprises an activated carbon matrix defining a plurality of pores, sulfur and an additive adapted for promoting the abatement of toxic elements from the fluid stream. At least one of the additive is formed into the sorbent body by in-situ forming such as in-situ extrusion. The sorbent is useful for abatement of, e.g., arsenic, cadmium, mercury and selenium from gas streams.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: To provide an agent for removing a halogen series gas and a method for removing a halogen series gas which is excellent in a removing ability of removing the present halogen series gas in a low concentration area, which prevents an adsorbent from generating heat, and which is capable of reducing formation of a solid waste. A method for removing a halogen series gas, which comprises bringing a gas to be treated which contains at least one member selected from the halogen series gas group consisting of F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, and compounds which generate a hydrogen halide or hypohalogeneous acid upon hydrolysis, into contact with a granule comprising, based on the total mass of the granule, from 45 to 99.85 mass % of an alkali metal salt, from 0.1 to 40 mass % of a carbonaceous material, and from more than 0 mass % to 15 mass % of an alkaline earth metal salt, in the presence of water.

Abstract: A new method for preparing a supported catalyst is herein provided. Carbon nanotubes are functionalized by contacting them with an oxidizing agent to form functionalized carbon nanotubes. A metal catalyst is then loaded or deposited onto the functionalized carbon nanotubes. The mixture is then extruded to form the supported catalyst comprising a carbon nanotube structure containing metal catalyst more evenly dispersed within the internal structure of the carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a complex support including at least one metal oxide and carbon-based material; and a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst supported by the complex support. A method of manufacturing the electrode catalyst includes dissolving a precursor of a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst in a solvent and preparing a mixture solution for a catalyst; adding a complex support including at least one metal oxide and a carbon-based material to the mixture solution for a catalyst and stirring the mixture solution to which the complex support is added; drying the mixture solution for a catalyst, to which the complex support is added, in order to disperse the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst on the complex support; and reducing the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst dispersed on the complex support. A fuel cell includes the electrode catalyst.

Abstract: Applicant discloses multifunctional, highly active oxidation catalysts and methods of making such catalysts. Such methods include providing nanoparticles comprising titanium-oxo and zinc-oxo compositions, such as crystalline anatase titania nanoparticles with zinc-oxo domains on their surfaces, and etching the nanoparticles. The method also includes depositing catalytically active gold onto the nanoparticles, by, for example, physical vapor deposition.

Abstract: An oxygen electrode is created by forming a nanoscopic coating or nanoscopic deposits of mixed metal oxides as catalysts on a pre-formed, highly porous binder-free carbon structure. The highly porous carbon structure performs a role in the synthesis of the mixed oxide catalyst deposits as well as in providing a three-dimensional, electronically conductive support for the mixed metal oxide catalyst with a large surface area and desirable pore structure. The metal oxide mixture shall include two or more metal species. The multifunctional oxygen electrode materials, a process for producing the same and a metal oxygen battery using said oxygen electrode materials are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulphide catalyst for electrochemical reduction of oxygen particularly stable in chemically aggressive environments such as chlorinated hydrochloric acid. The catalyst of the invention comprises a noble metal sulphide single crystalline phase supported on a conductive carbon essentially free of zerovalent metal and of metal oxide phases, obtainable by reduction of metal precursor salts and thio-precursors with a borohydride or other strong reducing agent.

Abstract: A method for producing a gold fine particle-supported carrier catalyst for a fuel cell, which reduces a gold ion in a liquid phase reaction system containing a carbon carrier by means of an action of a reducing agent, to reduce the gold ion, deposit, and support a gold fine particle on the carbon carrier, wherein a reduction rate of the gold ion is set within the range of 330 to 550 mV/h, and pH is set within the range of 4.0 to 6.0 to perform the reduction of the gold ion, deposition, and support of the gold fine particle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising an alloy of at least two different metals of which at least one metal is a metal of transition group VIII. The alloy is present in at least two phases having different degrees of alloying. The invention further relates to a process for producing the catalyst and a use of the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a dehydrogenation catalyst and a water gas shift co-catalyst can be used for the dehydrogenation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons to alkenylaromatic hydrocarbons. For instance, the catalyst can be used for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. The catalyst can include an iron compound, a potassium compound, and a cerium compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite solid acid catalyst consisting of from 50%-80% by weight of a porous inorganic support, from 15% to 48% by weight of a heteropoly compound loaded thereon, and from 2% to 6% by weight of an inorganic acid. The present invention further provides a process for preparing said composite solid acid catalyst and a process for conducting an alkylation reaction by using such catalyst. The composite solid acid catalyst of the present invention has the acid sites type of Brönsted acid and has an acid sites density of not less than 1.4×10?3 mol H+/g. Moreover, said composite solid acid catalyst has the homogeneous acid strength distribution, and is a solid acid catalyst having excellent performances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition, a method for fabricating the same and a fuel cell including the same. The catalyst composition provided by the present invention includes: a catalyst carrier; and a metal solid solution, disposed on the surface of the catalyst carrier, in which the metal solid solution includes palladium and a second metal, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, ruthenium, nickel, silver and manganese. Accordingly, the catalyst composition provided by the present invention can exhibit excellent catalytic characteristics, and can be applied in a fuel cell to enhance the electrochemical properties and stability of the fuel cell.

Abstract: The invention discloses core/shell type catalyst particles comprising a Mcore/Mshell structure with Mcore=inner particle core and Mshell=outer particle shell, wherein the medium diameter of the catalyst particle (dcore+shell) is ?20 nm. The thickness of the outer shell (tshell) comprises at least 3 atomic layers. The core/shell type catalyst particles, particularly the particles comprising a Pt-based shell, reveal a high specific activity. The catalyst particles are preferably supported on suitable support materials such as carbon black and are used as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.

Abstract: A new method for preparing a supported catalyst is herein provided. The supported catalyst comprises a carbon nanotube network structure containing metal catalysts. The metal catalyst may be loaded onto functionalized carbon nanotubes before forming the carbon nanotube network structure. Alternatively, the metal catalyst may be loaded onto the carbon nanotube network structures themselves.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solid divided composition comprising grains whose mean size is greater than 25 ?m and less than 2.5 mm, wherein each grain is provided with a solid porous core and a homogeneous continuous metal layer consisting of at least one type of transition non-oxidised metal and extending along a gangue coating the core in such a way that pores are inaccessible. A method for the production of said composition and for the use thereof in the form of a solid catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous and/or curved nanofiber bearing substrate materials are provided having enhanced surface area for a variety of applications including as electrical substrates, semipermeable membranes and barriers, structural lattices for tissue culturing and for composite materials, production of long unbranched nanofibers, and the like. A method of producing nanofibers is disclosed including providing a plurality of microparticles or nanoparticles such as carbon black particles having a catalyst material deposited thereon, and synthesizing a plurality of nanofibers from the catalyst material on the microparticles or nanoparticles. Compositions including carbon black particles having nanowires deposited thereon are further disclosed.

Abstract: A carbon nanosphere has at least one opening. The carbon nanosphere is obtained by preparing a carbon nanosphere and treating it with an acid to form the opening. The carbon nanosphere with at least one opening has higher utilization of a surface area and electrical conductivity and lower mass transfer resistance than a conventional carbon nanotube, thus allowing for higher current density and cell voltage with a smaller amount of metal catalyst per unit area of a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating an organic compound which has at least one carbonyl group, in which the organic compound is hydrogenated in the presence of a shaped article which contains (i) an oxidic material comprising copper oxide, aluminum oxide and lanthanum oxide, and (ii) powdered metallic copper, copper flakes, powdered cement, graphite or a mixture thereof, is provided.

Abstract: Sorbent bodies comprising activated carbon, processes for making them, and methods of using them. The sorbent bodies can be used to remove toxic elements from a fluid, such as from a gas stream. For instance, the sorbent bodies may be used to remove elemental mercury or mercury in an oxidized state from a coal combustion flue gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode catalyst for electrochemical reaction, the electrode catalyst having: a conductive diamond particle having fine pores on a surface thereof; and a carbon-reactive catalyst metal in the fine pores, a process for producing the electrode catalyst, and an electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a preparation process of complex oxides catalyst containing Mo, Bi, Fe and Co, which comprising steps as following: dissolving precursor compounds of the components for catalyst and complexing agent in water to obtain a solution, and then drying, molding and calcining the solution to obtain catalyst. The catalyst is used for gas phase oxidation of light alkenes to unsaturated aldehydes. The catalyst has high activity, selectivity and stability. The reaction condition is mild. The preparation process of the catalyst is easy to operate and can be used for mass production.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, a method of preparing the same, and a fuel processor including the same includes the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst having an active catalyst component impregnated in a oxide carrier and a thermally conductive material having higher thermal conductivity than that of the oxide carrier, the method of preparing the same, and a fuel processor including the same. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and thermal conductivity, and thus can easily transfer heat required in a hydrocarbon reforming reaction. Accordingly, by using the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst above, a high hydrogen production rate can be obtained.

Abstract: A method of producing a primary amine by the hydrogenation of a nitrile in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron. Before use in the hydrogenation of nitrile, the hydrogenation catalyst is pretreated with at least one treating agent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters and carbon monoxide at 150 to 500° C.

Abstract: A catalyst support for a fuel cell, having good hydrophilic property and electroconductivity, an anode including the same, and a fuel cell including the anode are provided. The catalyst support is composed of a metal oxide-carbon composite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal catalyst containing fine metal particles, characterized in that the fine metal particles have a particle diameter of 3 nm or less and also have a proportion of metallic bond state of 40% or more, which is ascribed by subjecting to waveform separation of a binding energy peak peculiar to the metal as measured by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The fine metal particles are preferably fine platinum particles. The fine metal particles are preferably supported on the surface of carrier particles by reducing ions of metal to be deposited through the action of a reducing agent in a reaction system of a liquid phase containing the carrier particles dispersed therein, thereby to deposit the metal on the surface of carrier particles in the form of fine particles. The proportion of metallic bond state of the fine metal particles is adjusted within the above range by reducing after deposition thereby to decrease the oxidation state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for catalytically processing a gas stream passing therethrough to reduce the presence of NOx therein, wherein the apparatus includes a first catalyst composed of a silver containing alumina that is adapted for catalytically processing the gas stream at a first temperature range, and a second catalyst composed of a copper containing zeolite located downstream from the first catalyst, wherein the second catalyst is adapted for catalytically processing the gas stream at a lower second temperature range relative to the first temperature range.

Abstract: A catalyst and process is described for the conversion of hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon in which the catalyst comprises an elemental carbon-containing support. Also described is a process for reducing agglomeration in carbon nanotubes, in which carbon nanotubes are suspended in a liquid and simultaneously treated by ultrasound and agitation. The method can be used to prepare carbon nanotube-supported catalysts that show high activity towards the conversion of feedstocks comprising hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts comprising at least one support and at least one layer applied to said support, said layer containing a) 20 to 95% by weight of at least one aluminum, silicon, titanium or magnesium oxide compound or a silicon carbide or a carbon support or mixtures thereof, and b) 5 to 50% by weight of at least one nanocarbon. The catalysts can be used to produce unsaturated hydrocarbons by means of the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkylaromatics, alkenes and alkanes in the gas phase.

Abstract: A method for producing nanoparticles on a substrate using a metal precursor in an ionic liquid and microwave heating is described. The composite compositions are useful as catalysts for chemical reactions, fuel cell, supercapacitor and battery components, and the like.

Abstract: A non-noble metal based catalyst includes a compound represented by Formula 1: ZraMbOxNy??[Formula 1] where M is at least one element selected from Group 4 elements through Group 12 elements, a is a number in the range of about 1 to about 8, b is a number in the range of 1 to 8, x is a number in the range of about 0.2 to about 32, and y is a number in the range of about 0.2 to about 16. A fuel cell electrode and fuel cell may be formed using the non-noble metal based catalyst.

Abstract: A hollow carbon sphere having a carbon shell and an inner core is disclosed. The hollow carbon sphere has a total volume that is equal to a volume of the carbon shell plus an inner free volume within the carbon shell. The inner free volume is at least 25% of the total volume. In some instances, a nominal diameter of the hollow carbon sphere is between 10 and 180 nanometers.