Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by: contacting with a liquid contact member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide to form a contact mixture; recovering insoluble material from the contact mixture; calcining the recovered insoluble material in a non-oxidizing atmosphere; admixing the calcined recovered insoluble material with (i) at least one promoter element or compound thereof and (ii) at least one solvent for the at least one promoter element or compound thereof; removing the at least one solvent to form a catalyst precursor; and calcining the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by contact with a liquid contacting member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A hydrorefining catalyst containing a metal belonging to group VIB of the Periodic Table and phosphorus is made by bringing the supporting liquid into contact with a porous carrier formed of inorganic oxide. The supporting liquid is an aqueous solution of a metal belonging to group VIB of the Periodic Table, a phosphorus compound, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide added to water. Thee hydroxycarboxylic acid content of the supporting liquid is such that molar ratio of group VIB metal:hydroxycarboxylic acid is 1:0.05 to 1:1 and the hydrogen peroxide content of the supporting liquid is such that molar ratio of group VIB metal:hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.03 to 1:1. The catalyst made with the supporting liquid has excellent desulfurization activity.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for hydrodesulfurization of heavy feedstocks is disclosed. The catalyst is adopted for on-stream catalyst replacement in upflow processing units. It is characterized by a smaller peak pore diameter than general purpose hydrotreating catalysts.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for regenerating with high efficiency a deteriorated catalyst of reduced activity, said catalyst originating from a heteropolyacid catalyst containing heteropolyacid formed of molybdophosphoric acid and/or molybdovanadophosphoric acid, or a salt thereof, to a heteropolyacid catalyst which exhibits approximately equivalent activity level to that of the fresh catalyst. Said method comprises mixing a deteriorated catalyst and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound under the conditions whereunder ammonium ions and nitrate anions are present at such ratio that the amount of total ammonium ions per mol of total nitrate anions does not exceed 1.7 mols, drying the mixture and calcining the same.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of reactivating a catalyst for methacrylic acid production, which catalyst is used in production of methacrylic acid through vapor-phase oxidation of methacrolein or vapor-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid, contains P and Mo, and exhibits reduced activity. The process comprises treating the catalyst, whose activity level has dropped (deteriorated catalyst), with a gas containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (e.g., pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, quinoline).

Abstract: The invention relates to a spherical catalyst composition comprising a Group VI metal component and optionally a Group VIII metal component on a carrier, which catalyst has a particle size of 0.5-7 mm, a total pore volume of 0.5-1.3 ml/g, an average pore diameter of 15-30 nm, and a % PV(>100 nm) of 2-30%, there being substantially no difference in density between the core region of the carrier particles and their surface regions. The catalyst is particularly suitable for use in non-fixed bed processes for the hydroprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon feeds. It has high hydrodesulfurization and hydrodemetallization activity in combination with a high abrasion resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mesoporous gel comprising an alumina matrix in which one or more oxides selected from silica, boron oxide, phosphorus oxide, oxides of metals of groups VIII and VIB, may be uniformly dispersed. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this gel and its uses as carrier, as catalyst for acid-catalyzed reactions and as hydrotreating catalyst.

Abstract: A modified carrier carrying on at least a part of an inert carrier surface an oxide which is represented by the formula (1): XaYbZcOd (wherein X is at least an element selected from alkaline earth metals; Y is at least an element selected from Si, Al, Ti and Zr; Z is at least an element selected from Group IA elements and Group IIIb elements of the periodic table, B, Fe, Bi, Co, Ni and Mn; and O is oxygen; a, b, c and d denote the atomic ratios of X, Y, Z and O, respectively, where a=1, 0<b≦100, 0≦c≦10, and d is a numerical value determined by the extents of oxidation of the other elements) is provided. A catalyst formed with the use of this modified carrier carrying a complex oxide containing Mo and V is useful as a vapor phase catalytic oxidation catalyst, and is particularly suitable as a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid through vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein.

Abstract: A novel method for preparing a heteropolyacid catalyst containing a heteropolyacid composed of molybdophosphoric acid and/or molybdovanadophosphoric acid, or a salt of the heteropolyacid, is provided. The method comprises preparing an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion which (1) contains the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, nitrate anions and ammonium ions, (2) the ammonium ion content not exceeding 1.7 mols per mol of the nitrate anion content, and (3) the ammonium ion content not exceeding 10 mols per 12 mols of the molybdenum atom content by mixing raw materials containing the catalyst-constituting elements with the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound in the presence of water, drying and calcining the same. This heteropolyacid catalyst excels over conventional catalysts in performance, life and strength.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst capable of producing an epoxy compound in high yield and improving the utilization efficiency of the oxidizing agent as well as a method of producing an epoxy compound using that catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an oxide catalyst comprising, as component elements, molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), at least one element selected from the group consisting of the two elements of antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te), and niobium (Nb), wherein the process comprises providing an aqueous raw material mixture containing compounds of the component elements of the oxide catalyst, and drying the aqueous raw material mixture, followed by calcination, and wherein, in the aqueous raw material mixture, at least a part of the niobium compound as one of the compounds of the component elements is present in the form of a complex thereof with a complexing agent comprising a compound having a hydroxyl group bonded to an oxygen atom or a carbon atom. Also disclosed is a process for producing (meth)acrylonitrile or (meth)acrylic acid, which comprises performing the ammoxidation or oxidation of propane or isobutane in the gaseous phase in the presence of the oxide catalyst.

Abstract: An active and selective hydrocarbon partial oxidation catalyst comprises an activated partially-reduced polyoxometallate, preferably niobium polyoxomolybdate, that is prepared from a suitable polyoxoanion, which has been exchanged with a suitable cation and activated by heating to an activation effective temperature in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as pyridinium. C3 and C4 hydrocarbons may be partially oxidized selectively to acrylic acid and maleic acid.

Abstract: A catalyst, for use in producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester, which is used in producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester by esterifying a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid with a lower alcohol in a gas phase and which can exhibit high initial activity and is able to stably and continuously perform the reaction. The catalyst comprises an inorganic support having supported thereon at least one heteropolyacid and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A siliceous support for use in a catalyst for producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester by reacting a lower olefin with a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid in a gas phase, which has a silicon content of from 39.7 to 46.3% by mass or a silicon content of from 85 to 99% by mass in terms of silicon dioxide or a crush strength of 30 N or more. By the use of a catalyst comprising the support, a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester is produced from lower olefin and a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid without causing great reduction of catalytic activity or cracking or abrasion of the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a sulfide phase comprising (a) sulfur (b) and at least one element A selected form group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, and optionally (c) at least one element B selected from group VIIB and group VIII and mixtures thereof, is suitable for use in, for example, hydrorefining or hydroconversion. Sulfur is present in the catalyst at a quantity higher than the quantity corresponding to 40% of the stoichiometric quantity of sulfur in the sulfide compounds of elements from groups MB, IVB, VB, VIIB and VIII. The catalyst also, optionally, comprises at least one porous amorphous or low crystallinity type matrix.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a catalytic compound of anion-modified metal oxides doped with metal ions. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of isomerizing an alkane or alkyl moiety.

Abstract: The present invention includes a catalyst having (a) a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores; (b) a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent on the non-metallic support; wherein at least a portion of the metal heteropoly acid salt is dispersed within said plurality of pores. The present invention also includes a method of depositing a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent onto a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the in situ synthesis of acid or cationic form of heteropolyacid of molybdenum or tungsten due to the interaction of the cationic compound with the acidic or salt form of Mo or W and the phosphate ion of a solid support.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for hydrodealkylating a C9+ aromatic compound such as, for example, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed. The composition comprises an alumina, a metal oxide, and a coke suppressor selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, phosphorus oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The process comprises contacting a fluid which comprises a C9+ aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C9+ aromatic compound to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention concern, a method for enhancing the activity of vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts. Promoter reagents are grafted onto or reacted with the catalyst surface. An optional calcination and activation heating cycle transforms the catalyst precursor into a final active phase. A preferred VPO catalyst produced has a ratio of molybdenum to vanadium on the surface of the catalyst to molybdenum to vanadium in the overall bulk of the catalyst represented by the equation (Mo/V) Surface≧1.10 (Mo/V) overall bulk.

Abstract: A method of making a molecular sieve catalyst by preparing a catalyst slurry containing molecular sieve, binder and a matrix material and directing the slurry to a forming unit. The catalyst slurry is prepared by using a microfiltration process whereby the molecular sieve is washed and concentrated from a preparation medium without having to isolate the molecular sieve in a dry or semi-dry form. The catalyst is used to make ethylene and propylene from an oxygenate.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester, wherein the catalyst is produced by a process comprising a step of contacting the catalyst with a gas containing at least one member selected from water, lower aliphatic carboxylic acids and lower aliphatic alcohols; a process for producing the catalyst; and a process for producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester using the catalyst. The catalyst can exhibit high initial activity and high space time yield, ensure sufficiently long catalyst life in practice in industry, and can prevent the production of by-product materials.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for hydrodealkylating a C9+ aromatic compound such as, for example, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed. The composition comprises an alumina, a metal oxide, a phosphorus oxide and optionally, an acid site modifier selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, sulfur oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The process comprises contacting a fluid which comprises a C9+ aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C9+ aromatic compound to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A novel method for preparing a heteropolyacid catalyst containing a heteropolyacid composed of molybdophosphoric acid and/or molybdovanadophosphoric acid, or a salt of the heteropolyacid, is provided.

Abstract: A catalyst composition represented by the following empirical formula which is useful in production of unsaturated nitrites by ammoxidation: Mo10BiaFebSbcNidCreFfGgHhKkXxYyOi(SiO2)j wherein F represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, lanthanum and cerium, G represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, cobalt, manganese and zinc, H represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten, x represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, boron, and tellurium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, rubidium and cesium, the suffixes a-k, x and y represent a ratio of atoms or atomic groups, and a=0.1-3, b=0.3-15, c=0-20, d=3-8, e=0.2-2, f=0.05-1, e/f>1, g=0-5, h=0-3, k=0.

Abstract: The invention concerns materials for adsorbing and desorbing oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, in particular from the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles operating in a medium which is super-stoichiometric in oxidizing agents, which can desorb the oxides of nitrogen by elevating the temperature, with respect to an adsorption temperature, the structure of the materials being composed of phosphate tetrahedra and containing at least one element (A) from groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, IVA, optionally at least one element (B) selected from the group formed by alkali elements IA, alkaline-earth elements IIA, rare earths IIIB and transition metals, and optionally at least one metal (C) selected from the group formed by the precious metals of the platinum family (group VIII). These materials are insensitive to the oxides of sulphur and carbon contained in the gas.

Abstract: The present invention includes a catalyst having (a) a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores; (b) a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent on the non-metallic support; wherein at least a portion of the metal heteropoly acid salt is dispersed within said plurality of pores. The present invention also includes a method of depositing a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent onto a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores.

Abstract: A novel method for preparing a heteropolyacid catalyst containing a heteropolyacid composed of molybdophosphoric acid and/or molybdovanadophosphoric acid, or a salt of the heteropolyacid, is provided. The method comprises preparing an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion which (1) contains the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, nitrate anions and ammonium ions, (2) the ammonium ion content not exceeding 1.7 mols per mol of the nitrate anion content, and (3) the ammonium ion content not exceeding 10 mols per 12 mols of the molybdenum atom content by mixing raw materials containing the catalyst-constituting elements with the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound in the presence of water, drying and calcining the same. This heteropolyacid catalyst excels over conventional catalysts in performance, life and strength.

Abstract: Sulfided catalysts produced by sulfurizing supported catalysts containing at least one element selected from group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, wherein the catalyst is brought into contact with at least one source of elemental sulfur e.g. flowers of sulfur in an atmosphere of at least one reducing gas other than hydrogen e.g. carbon monoxide. The catalyst is suitable for converting hydrocarbon-containing feeds, such as hydrocracking and hydrotreatment.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a tetrahydrofuran polymer using a heteropoly-acid catalyst wherein the content of Al in the heteropoly-acid is 4 ppm or less.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing catalysts useful for synthesizing maleic anhydride by oxidizing saturated and/or unsaturated C4 hydrocarbons. A vanadium (V) compound is reacted with a mixture of phosphorous and phosphoric acids in a particular ratio, in a solvent mixture containing a structure former, and an entrainer and where the water of reaction together with entrainer is distilled off and the resulting precursor is subjected to calcination.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of reactivating a catalyst for methacrylic acid production, which catalyst is used in production of methacrylic acid through vapor-phase oxidation of methacrolein or vapor-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid, contains P and Mo, and exhibits reduced activity. The process comprises treating the catalyst, whose activity level has dropped (deteriorated catalyst), with a gas containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (e.g., pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, quinoline).

Abstract: This invention relates in part to a processes and catalysts for the conversion of a feedstock comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a product stream comprising at least one of an ester, acid, acid anhydride and mixtures thereof. This invention also relates in part to processes and catalysts for converting an alcohol, ether and/or ether alcohol feedstock to oxygenated products, e.g., esters, acids, acid anhydrides and mixtures thereof. The processes and catalysts are especially suitable for the production of acetic acid and methyl acetate from a synthesis gas feedstock or from an alcohol, ether or ether alcohol feedstock.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts situated on a polyoxometallate support. Also disclosed are methods of preparing these catalysts and processes for the conversion of alkanes to unsaturated organic compounds using these catalysts.

Abstract: Improved catalyst for use in production of methacrylic acid by vapor phase oxidation reaction and/or vapor phase oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of at least one compound selected from methacrolein, isobutylaldehyde and isobutyric acid is provided. This improved catalyst is a composition composed of (A) complex oxide containing as essential components molybdenum and phosphorus, which is per se known as a catalyst for the above reaction(s), and (B) complex oxide containing as essential components cerium and zirconium. When this improved catalyst is used, the operation for producing methacrylic acid can be stably continued over prolonged period.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst containing at least one amorphous oxide matrix, at least one carbide and phosphorous deposited on said catalyst or contained in the matrix, in which the carbide contain at least one group VIB element and, optionally, at least one element from group VIII of the periodic table. The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst for hydrodesulphurisation and hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in gas oils with a low sulphur content.

Abstract: Calcined ammonium salts of phosphotungstic acid salts are used to polymerize C2-C30 &agr;-olefins and derivatives thereof to form highly reactive products having a high content of terminal vinylidene groups and &bgr;-isomers in resonance therewith.

Abstract: Reticulated ceramic monolithic catalysts and non-poisoning catalyst supports comprising one or more metal oxides of chromium, cobalt, nickel, an alkaline earth, a rare earth, or another sinterable metal oxide that are active in any of various chemical oxidation reactions are disclosed. Methods of making the new reticulated ceramic structures comprising impregnating an organic foam or other pore-templating material are also disclosed. Processes for the catalytic conversion of light hydrocarbons to products comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen employing reticulated ceramic catalysts are described.

Abstract: Improved catalyst for use in production of methacrylic acid by vapor phase oxidation reaction and/or vapor phase oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of at least one compound selected from methacrolein, isobutylaldehyde and isobutyric acid is provided. This improved catalyst is a composition composed of (A) complex oxide containing as essential components molybdenum and phosphorus, which is per se known as a catalyst for the above reaction(s), and (B) complex oxide containing as essential components cerium and zirconium. When this improved catalyst is used, the operation for producing methacrylic acid can be stably continued over prolonged period.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a catalyst and the same for use in production of methacrylic acid, which is characterized by molding a raw material including a powder containing phosphorus and molybdenum at the specific pressure.

Abstract: The invention concerns an alumina based catalyst containing, expressed as the oxide content by weight, 2-10% by weight of cobalt oxide CoO, 10-30% by weight of molybdenum oxide MoO3 and 4-10% of phosphorous oxide P2O5, with a BET surface area in the range 100-300 m2/g, a crushing strength CSH of more than 1.4 MPa, and an average pore diameter in the range 8-11 nm, the pore volume of pores with diameter of more than 14 nm being less than 0.08 ml/g, or less than 22% of total pore volume, the volume of pores with a diameter of less than 8 nm being at most 0.05 ml/g, or less than 10% of total pore volume, the volume of pores with diameter less than 10 nm being in the range of 20%-70%, the volume of pores with diameter between 10 nm and 13 nm being in the range of 20%-60%, and the volume of pores with a diameter which is in the range 8 to 14 nm being in the range 0.20 ml/g to 0.8 ml/g. The invention also concerns a hydrotreatment process using the catalyst, in particular hydrodesulphuration.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulphurizing supported catalysts containing at least one element selected from group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB, group VB and group VIB, said process being characterized in that said catalyst is pre-reduced with at least one reducing gas other than hydrogen before sulphurizing said catalyst. The invention also concerns the sulfide catalysts obtained by the process of the present invention as well as the use of the sulfide catalyst in a process for hydrocracking and hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon-containing feeds.

Abstract: A novel method for preparing a heteropolyacid catalyst containing a heteropolyacid composed of molybdophosphoric acid and/or molybdovanadophosphoric acid, or a salt of the heteropolyacid, is provided.

Abstract: Provided are high activity catalysts based upon gamma alumina containing substrates impregnated with one or more catalytically active metals which catalysts in addition contain a nanocrystalline phase of alumina of a crystalline size at the surface of less than 25Å. Also provided are processes for preparing such high activity catalysts and various uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for activating a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a Group VIII hydrogenation metal and a Group VI hydrogenation metal, which are substantially in the oxide form, on a carrier in which the hydrotreating catalyst is contacted with an additive which is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds comprising at least two hydroxyl groups and 2-10 carbon atoms, and the (poly)ethers of these compounds, after which the catalyst is dried under such conditions that at least 50% of the additive remains in the catalyst. The additive is preferably at least one compound selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, or a saccharide or a polysaccharide. The invention additionally pertains to the catalyst obtainable by this process, which shows high activity in hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions, and to the use of the catalyst in hydrotreating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocracking catalyst that comprises at least one oxide-type amorphous or poorly crystallized matrix, at least one element of group VB, preferably niobium, and at least one clay that is selected from the group that is formed by the 2:1 dioctahedral phyllosilicates and the 2:1 trioctahedral phyllosilicates, optionally at least one element that is selected from among the elements of group VIB and group VIII, optionally at least one element that is selected from the group that is formed by P, B, Si, and optionally at least one element of group VIIA. The invention also relates to the use of this catalyst in hydrocracking of feedstocks that contain hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulphurising supported catalysts containing at least one element selected from group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, said process being characterized in that said catalyst is sulphurised using a mixture containing at least one source of elemental sulphur and at least one source of carbon in an autogenous or inert atmosphere. Also disclosed are sulphurised catalysts obtained by the process of the invention, the use of the catalysts in processes for hydrocracking and hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon-containing feeds.

Abstract: Provided are high activity catalysts based upon gamma alumina containing substrates impregnated with one or more catalytically active metals, which catalysts in addition contain a nanocrystalline phase of alumina of a crystalline size at the surface of less than 25 Å. Also provided are processes for preparing such high activity catalysts and various uses thereof.