Abstract: A catalyst particle for use in growth of elongated nanostructures, such as e.g. nanowires, is provided. The catalyst particle comprises a catalyst compound for catalyzing growth of an elongated nanostructure comprising a nanostructure material without substantially dissolving in the nanostructure material and at least one dopant element for doping the elongated nanostructure during growth by substantially completely dissolving in the nanostructure material. A method for forming an elongated nanostructure, e.g. nanowire, on a substrate using the catalyst particle is also provided. The method allows controlling dopant concentration in the elongated nanostructures, e.g. nanowires, and allows elongated nanostructures with a low dopant concentration of lower than 1017 atoms/cm3 to be obtained.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a carrier, and an active material including M selected from the group consisting of Ru, Pt, Rh, and combinations thereof, and Ch selected from the group consisting of S, Se, Te, and combinations thereof, with the proviso that the active material is not RuSe when the carrier is C.

Abstract: A supported silver catalyst and use thereof in a process for producing an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, by the direct oxidation of an alkylene with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, wherein the catalyst provides improved stability and improved resilience to reactor upsets and timely recovery to substantially pre-upset levels of catalyst activity and/or efficiency. In some embodiments, the catalyst also exhibits improved activity. A catalyst capable of producing ethylene oxide at a selectivity of at least 87 percent while achieving a work rate of at least 184 kg/h/m3 at a temperature of no greater than 235° C. when operated in a process where the inlet feed to a reactor containing the catalyst comprises ethylene, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, wherein the concentration of carbon dioxide in the inlet feed is greater than or equal to 2 mole percent.

Abstract: A catalytic article for decomposition of a volatile organic compound includes a porous support body, a plurality of active centers formed on the support body and adapted for catalytic decomposition of the volatile organic compound, and a plurality of capture centers bound to the support body. Each of the active centers is composed of one of a noble metal, a transition metal oxide, and the combination thereof. Each of the capture centers includes at least one functional group that is adapted for attracting or binding the volatile organic compound. A method for preparing the catalytic article is also disclosed.

Abstract: Cellulose and hemicellulose from biomass can be broken down to C6 and C5 sugars and further converted to corresponding sugar alcohols. It is now found that a new catalyst, MoS2, is active for the hydrogenation of sugar alcohols to hydrocarbons. Combining the technologies listed above allows us to convert the cellulose/hemicellulose to liquid hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst and method for hydrodesulfurizing naphtha. More particularly, a Co/Mo metal hydrogenation component is loaded on a high temperature alumina support in the presence of a dispersion aid to produce a catalyst that is then used for hydrodesulrurizing naphtha. The high temperature alumina support has a defined surface area that minimizes olefin saturation.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing carbon monoxide by a water-gas shift (WGS) reaction and a method for reducing carbon dioxide by a reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, both using a catalyst of the formula xMZLn2O2SOy, in which M, Ln, x, and y are as defined herein. Also disclosed are novel compositions for use as catalysts for both the WGS and RWGS reactions.

Abstract: A metal compound catalyst is formed by vaporizing a quantity of catalyst material and a quantity of carrier thereby forming a vapor cloud, exposing the vapor cloud to a co-reactant and quenching the vapor cloud. The nanoparticles are impregnated onto supports. The supports are able to be used in existing heterogeneous catalysis systems. A system for forming metal compound catalysts comprises means for vaporizing a quantity of catalyst material and a quantity of carrier, quenching the resulting vapor cloud, forming precipitate nanoparticles comprising a portion of catalyst material and a portion of carrier, and subjecting the nanoparticles to a co-reactant. The system further comprises means for impregnating the of supports with the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and at least one metal-containing catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. and a total pressure of from 6.9 MPa to 27.5 MPa. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone. Any metal-containing catalyst provided to the mixing zone has an acidity as measured by ammonia chemisorption of at most 200 ?mol ammonia per gram of catalyst.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and a metal-containing catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), the hydrogen sulfide, and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. and a total pressure of from 6.9 MPa to 27.5 MPa, where hydrogen sulfide is provided at a mole ratio of hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen of at least 0.5:9.5 and the combined hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen partial pressures provide at least 60% of the total pressure. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone, and, apart from the mixing zone, the vapor may be condensed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon-containing product.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and at least one catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone, and, apart from the mixing zone, the vapor is condensed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon-containing product containing at least 85% of the atomic carbon initially present in the hydrocarbon-containing feedstock and containing at most 2 wt. % hydrocarbons having a boiling point of at least 538° C.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and at least one catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone, and, apart from the mixing zone, the vapor is condensed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is continuously or intermittently provided to the mixing zone at a rate of at least 350 kg/hr per m3 of the mixture volume in the mixing zone.

Abstract: For preparing a reforming catalyst comprising a support, a group VIIIB metal and a group VIIB metal, comprises the following steps in the order a) then b) or b) then a): a step a) impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid comprising a group VIIIB metal; a step b) impregnating the support with an aqueous solution comprising a group VIIB metal and a sulphur-containing complexing agent in a reducing environment, or a step b) impregnation with an aqueous solution comprising a group VIIB metal, then with a solution comprising a sulphur-containing complexing agent in a reducing environment. The reducing environment is any reducing atmosphere comprising more than 0.1% by weight of a reducing gas or a mixture of reducing gases; or reducing solutions comprising, with respect to the group VIIB metal, in the range 0.1 to 20 equivalents of reducing metals, reducing organic compounds or inorganic reducing compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a titanate photocatalyst of formula (I): HmAx-mTiyOzDn (I) wherein: A is a cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium; D is a dopant selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sulphur, phosphorus and iodine; x is a value between 0 and 8; y is a value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 8; n is a value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 8; z is a value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 8; and m is a value between 0 and 8. The invention also relates to method of production and uses of the titanate photocatalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition, which includes an emulsion of an aqueous phase in an oil phase, wherein the aqueous phase comprises an aqueous solution containing a group 6 metal and a group 8, 9 or 10 metal. The metals can be provided in two separate emulsions, and these emulsions are well suited for treating hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The removal of fluoroalkanes from fluoroalkane-containing hydrocarbon streams, preferably C3 to C5 hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: Disclosed are the metallic sulfide photocatalyst and its preparation method. The photocatalyst includes at least one soluble metallic salt and a sulfide with the oxidation state of S atom ?+4. The photocatalyst is afforded by reacting the sulfide with the at least one soluble metallic salt dissolved in the complexing agent. Additionally, the photocatalyst further is customized with co-catalyst such as RuCl to form Ru-carried metallic sulfide photocatalyst. The metallic sulfide photocatalyst and Ru-carried metallic sulfide photocatalyst are capable of effectively reducing CO2 to CH3OH under the visible light illumination.

Abstract: A solid solution photocatalyst composition and its preparation method are provided in the present invention. The solid solution photocatalyst can utilize its solid solution structure to regulate the conduction band position, valence band position, conduction band range and valence band range of the different response properties of the photocatalyst, so that oxidoreductive reaction is performed to remove the foul-smelling substances.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins comprising thienyl-substituted silanes, which comprises a solid titanium catalyst component containing titanium, magnesium and a halogen as the main components, an alkylaluminum compound, and a component of organosiloxane compound comprising two thienyl as substituents represented by general formula (I). The molar ratio of each catalyst component is 1:50-150:5-50 based on titanium:aluminum:silicon. When the catalyst is used in the polymerization of propylene, the polymerisate obtained has a very high degree of isotacticity, and the yield is high.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition comprising a solid material comprised of a first metal/metalloid comprised of a metal or metalloid selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Ag, Co, Mn, Zr, Zn, Sn, Re, Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, Pt, B, Al, Ce, La, Pb, Cd, Sb, Ge, Ga, In, Bi, and Au; and a second metal selected from molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium, where the first metal/metalloid and the second metal form a bimetallic tetrathiometallate or a bimetallic tetraselenometallate with sulfur or with selenium. The solid material is comprised of particles and has a particle size distribution, where the mean particle size of the particle size distribution is from about 50 nm to about 5 ?m.

Abstract: Provided are improved regenerable SOx trap formulations for on-board vehicle applications. The regenerable sulfur trap formulations reduce the rate of sulfur poisoning of a downstream nitrogen storage reduction (NSR) catalyst trap in exhaust gas cleaning systems for combustion engines by adsorbing SOx as metal sulfate under lean exhaust conditions and desorbing the accumulated SOx under rich exhaust conditions. The regenerable sulfur oxides trap catalyst compositions include a metal (M) oxide, wherein M is selected from Cu, Fe, Mn, Ag, Co and combinations thereof and a metal (M)-La—Zr oxide, wherein M is selected from Cu, Fe, Mn, Ag, Co and combinations thereof. In addition, provided are improved exhaust gas cleaning systems and methods for treating exhaust gas from a combustion source that include a hydrogen generation system, a regenerable sulfur oxides trap, and a regenerable nitrogen storage reduction (NSR) catalyst trap.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and a catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The catalyst is comprised of a material comprised of a first metal and a second metal, where the first metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Bi, Ag, Mn, Zn, Sn, Ru, La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu, Dy, Pb, and Sb and the second metal is Mo, W, V, Sn, and Sb.

Abstract: A process for treating a carrier, or a precursor thereof, to at least partly remove impurities comprising contacting the carrier, or the precursor thereof, with a treatment solution comprising a salt; a process for preparing a catalyst; the catalyst; a process for preparing an olefin oxide by reacting an olefin with oxygen in the presence of the catalyst; and a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and a catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The catalyst is comprised of a tetrathiometallate material comprised of a first metal and a second metal, where the first metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Bi, Ag, Mn, Zn, Sn, Ru, La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu, Dy, Pb, and Sb and the second metal is Mo, W, V, Sn, and Sb.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and a catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and a catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The catalyst is prepared by mixing a first salt and a second salt in an aqueous mixture under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of from 15° C. to 150° C., where the first salt comprises a cationic component in any non-zero oxidation state selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Ag, Co, Mn, Ru, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu, Dy, Ni, Zn, Bi, Sn, Pb, and Sb, and where the second salt comprises an anionic component selected from the group consisting of MoS42?, WS42?, SnS44?, and SbS43.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and a catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product, where hydrogen sulfide is provided at a mole ratio relative to hydrogen of at least 0.5:9.5. The catalyst is comprised of a bimetallic tetrathiometallate material comprised of a first metal and a second metal, where the first metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Bi, Ag, Mn, Zn, Sn, Ru, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu, Dy, Ph, and Sb and the second metal is Mo, W, V, Sn, and Sb.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are photocatalyst powder and a production method thereof, and by having photocatalyst particles corn binded without reduction of a specific surface area, the reduction of the specific surface area is nearly none while the pores are developed, as well as the absorption rate with respect to light is superior, the method of producing photocatalyst powder includes forming initial photocatalyst powder by molding nanoparticles of photocatalyst substance into a certain shape through extrusion, and splitting the initial photocatalyst powder into a plurality of photocatalyst powder by injecting the initial photocatalyst powder into a predetermined splitting solution, the initial photocatalyst powder being split into the plurality of photocatalyst powder by the predetermined spliting solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pre-passivation process for a continuous reforming apparatus prior to the reaction, or a passivation process for a continuous reforming apparatus during the initial reaction, comprising loading a reforming catalyst into the continuous reforming apparatus, starting the gas circulation and raising the temperature of a reactor, injecting sulfide into the gas at a reactor temperature ranging from 100-650° C., controlling the sulfur amount in the recycle gas within a range of 0.5-100×10?6 L/L so as to passivate the apparatus.

Abstract: A method to obtain a catalyst of transition metals supported on a carbonaceous material, via impregnation, with a solution of metal-thiourea complex, obtained from precursor salts. The formation of the sulfur on the surface of the support occurs through the thermal decomposition of the complex. The obtained catalysts are applicable toward the direct liquefaction of coal.

Abstract: A first layer of a catalyst material is formed on a substrate and heat treated to form a first plurality of nanoparticles. A second layer of a catalyst material is then formed over the substrate and the first plurality of nanoparticles and heat treated to form a second plurality of nanoparticles. The first layer of nanoparticles is advantageously not affected by the deposition or heat treatment of the second layer of catalyst material, for example being pinned or immobilised, optionally by oxidation, before formation of the second layer.

Abstract: It has been demanded to produce titanium dioxide having an excellent photocatalytic activity and an excellent super-hydrophilic property by a simple procedure suitable for the production on an industrial scale. Rutile-type titanium dioxide having an excellent photocatalytic activity can be produced by carrying out the anodic oxidization of the surface of a base material comprising titanium or a titanium alloy by applying a voltage (e.g., a high voltage) or carrying out the anodic oxidation of the surface of the base material under high current density conditions. Further, a film is produced on the surface of the base material by the anodic oxidation technique by applying a voltage or the anodic oxidization technique under high current density conditions, and the film is subjected to heat treatment, thereby producing rutile-type titanium dioxide having excellent crystallinity.

Abstract: A catalyst that includes cerium oxide having a fluorite lattice structure is provided. The cerium oxide includes cerium atoms in mixed valence states of Ce3+/Ce4+, in which the ratio of Ce3+/(Ce3++Ce4+) in the lattice ranges from 40% to 90% at 20° C. The valence states Ce3+ and Ce4+ are reversible in reduction and oxidation reactions, and the cerium oxide maintains catalytic ability at temperatures at least up to 450° C.

Abstract: A doped material comprises TiO2 and three non-metal dopants. The first non-metal dopant comprises sulfur, the second non-metal dopant comprises fluorine, and the third non-metal dopant comprises carbon. The sulfur dopant comprises a cationic dopant, the carbon dopant comprises a cationic dopant, and the fluorine dopant comprises an anionic dopant. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the sulfur is approximately 99.75:0.25. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the fluorine is approximately 99.1:0.9. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the carbon is approximately 98.7:1.3. The material has a transparent, lateral growth crystalline atomic structure. The crystallite particle size is approximately 1 nm. The material is soluble to facilitate dissolving of the material in a solvent without requiring any dispersants to form a true solution.

Abstract: The invention makes use of an exhaust gas catalyst, comprising an active component comprising at least one type of metal from noble metals and transition metals; NOx-absorbing material for absorbing and releasing nitrogen oxides according to the surrounding nitrogen oxide concentration; and compounds represented by A2O2SO4 and/or A2O2S (A is a rare earth element).

Abstract: There is described a photocatalyst composition of matter comprising a support material. A surface of the support material configured to comprise: (i) a first catalytic material for catalyzing the conversion of H2O to H2 and O2, and (ii) a second catalytic material catalyzing reaction of hydrogen with a target compound. The photocatalyst composition of matter can be used to treat an aqueous fluid containing a target chemical compound, for example, by a process comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the aqueous fluid with the above-mentioned photocatalyst composition of matter; (ii) contacting the aqueous fluid with radiation during Step (i); (iii) catalyzing the conversion of water in the aqueous fluid to H2 and O2 with the first catalytic material; and (iv) catalyzing reaction of the target chemical compound in the aqueous fluid with hydrogen from Step (iii) in the presence of the second catalytic material to produce a modified chemical compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amorphous transition metal sulphides as electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water or aqueous solutions and use thereof in electrodes and electrolysers.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalyst compositions, and methods of using the catalyst compositions. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur. Preferred catalyst compositions for converting syngas into alcohols include cobalt associated with sulfide in certain preferred stoichiometries as described and taught herein.

Abstract: Additive particles for use in a fluid catalytic cracking system are provided for reducing the opacity of flue gas that is generated from a regenerator within the system. Particles are supplied to the unit to catalyze the cracking of hydrocarbon feeds, and to react with sulfur oxides that are produced during regeneration of catalysts supplied for the cracking reactions. At least a portion of the supplied particles include active particulates and a binder, with at least a portion of the active particulates being in a size range from 0.5 to 40 microns.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bulk multi-metallic catalyst for hydrotreating heavy oil feeds and to a method for preparing the catalyst. The bulk multi-metallic catalyst is prepared by sulfiding a catalyst precursor having a poorly crystalline structure with disordered stacking layers, with a type IV adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen with a hysteresis starting point value of about 0.35, for a sulfided catalyst that will facilitate the reactant's and product's diffusion in catalytic applications. In another embodiment, the precursor is characterized as having a type H3 hysteresis loop. In a third embodiment, the hysteresis loop is characterized as having a well developed plateau above P/Po of about 0.55. The mesapores of the precursor can be adjustable or tunable.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst for oxygen reduction and a gas diffusion electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improving a catalyst applied to a reaction layer having a structure (PFF structure) in which a polymer electrolyte phase surrounds a periphery of a catalyst with a hydrophilic region interposed therebetween and reducing the amount of catalyst metal particles used. A method for producing a catalyst for a fuel cell, in which a catalyst metal particle is supported on a carrier, includes the steps of: preparing an unmodified catalyst in which a catalyst metal particles is supported on a carrier; and modifying the catalyst metal particle in the unmodified catalyst with at least one type of modifying group selected from a nitric acid group, an amino group, a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxy group, and halogen groups.

Abstract: There is provided an oxygen storage/release material using a rare earth oxysulfate or oxysulfide, which has a high oxygen storage/release capacity even at lower temperatures. The oxygen storage/release material of the present invention comprises a compound consisting of Pr2O2SO4 and/or Pr2O2S and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh and Fe supported thereon.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalysts, and methods of using the catalysts including techniques to maintain catalyst stability. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur, and avoid metal carbides both initially and during reactor operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalyst carriers to be used as supports for metal and metal oxide catalyst components of use in a variety of chemical reactions. More specifically, the invention provides a process of formulating a low surface area alpha alumina carrier that is suitable as a support for silver and the use of such catalyst in chemical reactions, especially the epoxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. A precursor for a catalyst support comprises an admixture of an alpha alumina and/or a transition alumina; a binder; and either a solid blowing agent which expands, or propels a gas upon the application of sufficient heat, and optionally contains talc and/or water soluble titanium compound.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition and methods for making such catalyst precursor is disclosed. In one embodiment, the catalyst precursor is of the general formula Av[(MP)(OH)x(L)ny]z(MVIBO4), wherein MP is selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof; L is one or more oxygen-containing ligands, and L has a neutral or negative charge n<=0, MVIB is at least a Group VIB metal having an oxidation state of +6; MP:MVIB has an atomic ratio between 100:1 and 1:100; v?2+P*z?x*z+n*y*z=0; and 0?y??P/n; 0?x?P; 0?v?2; 0?z. In one embodiment, the catalyst precursor further comprises a cellulose-containing material. In another embodiment, the catalyst precursor further comprises at least a diluent (binder). In one embodiment, the diluent is a magnesium aluminosilicate clay.

Abstract: A mix-type catalyst filter which has a variety of pore sizes and thus improves efficiency of catalysts and a method for manufacturing the same. The method includes spinning nanofibers, heating the nanofibers, crushing the nanofibers to form chip-type nanofibers, mixing the chip-type nanofibers with particulate catalysts to obtain a mix-type catalyst and heating the mix-type catalyst.

Abstract: The invention herein provides methods of activating a catalyst composition. These methods include annealing a catalyst with an inert gas, under effective conditions, and then contacting the annealed catalyst with syngas to produce an activated catalyst. These steps can also be reversed. The activated catalysts can be employed to convert syngas into products, such as alcohols, with improved selectivities and yields.

Abstract: A regenerable, high-capacity sorbent for removal of mercury from flue gas and processes and systems for making and using the sorbent. A phyllosilicate substrate, for example vermiculite or montmorillinite, acts as an inexpensive support to a thin layer for a polyvalent metal sulfide, ensuring that more of the metal sulfide is engaged in the sorption process. The sorbent is prepared by ion exchange between the silicate substrate material and a solution containing one or more of a group of polyvalent metals including tin (both Sn(II) and Sn(IV)), iron (both Fe(II) and Fe(III)), titanium, manganese, zirconium and molybdenum, dissolved as salts, to produce an exchanged substrate. Controlled reaction of a sulfide ion source with the one or more polyvalent metals that are exchanged on the silicate substrate produces the sorbent. The sorbent is used to absorb elemental mercury or oxidized mercury species such as mercuric chloride from flue gas containing acid gases (e.g.