Abstract: An improved method is described for presulfiding and preconditioning a residuum hydrotreating or hydrocracking catalyst as an integrated part of the hydroconversion process in which catalyst is added on-stream intermittently or continuously without interruption of the hydroconversion process. The method is used to condition, activate, or presulfide fresh or regenerated catalyst prior to its addition to the hydroconversion reactor utilizing product streams from the hydroconversion process.

Abstract: For the presulphurization of catalysts based on metal oxides, intended especially for the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feedstocks, at least one tertiary mercaptan (for example tert-dodecyl mercaptan) is employed as sulphurizing agent. This tertiary mercaptan can be employed alone or combined with another sulphur-donor compound. The presulphurization according to the invention may be carried out in situ or ex situ.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one metal from group VIII of the periodic table and at least one additional element M selected from the group formed by germanium, tin, lead, rhenium, gallium, indium and thallium, metal M is introduced in an aqueous solvent in the form of at least one organometalic compound comprising at least one carbon-M bond.

Abstract: Fluorinated solid acids and supported fluorinated solid acids are used as catalysts for the polymerization of a feed stream containing at least one of pure monomer, C5 monomers, and C9 monomers to produce hydrocarbon resins. Freely-associated water may be removed from the fluorinated solid acid catalyst and/or supported fluorinated solid acid catalyst prior to use. Resins with softening points (Ring and Ball) in the range of about 5° C. to 170° C. can be prepared. These catalysts offer advantages over the traditional Friedel-Crafts polymerization catalysts since the acid sites are an integral part of the solid. The fluorinated solid acid catalysts and supported fluorinated solid acid catalysts are relatively nonhazardous, reusable catalysts which eliminate or at least reduce contamination of the resulting resin products with acid residues or by-products.

Abstract: This invention provides a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor for the preparation of a catalyst for catalytic hydrotreatment of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks, and for a method of making same.

Abstract: A method for converting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to a lower boiling temperature product is described which comprises suspending metal sulfide particles and oxide particles in a reaction zone including hydrogen and the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock at hydrocracking conditions. The metal sulfide particles and the oxide particles are introduced into the reaction zone through particle precursor fluids which precipitate upon heating to form the particles. The metal sulfide particles contain sulfidable transition metals. The oxide particles contain oxidizable elements such as magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorous, calcium, scandium, titanium, gallium, germanium, zirconium, cerium, and mixtures thereof and are not hydrogenation catalysts under the reactor conditions. The oxide particles resist being chemically reduced by reducing agents in the reaction zone. Surprisingly, the presence of the oxide particles is associated with a significant reduction of coke production in the reaction zone.

Abstract: Presulfurizing process and presulfurization promoter for a desulfurization catalyst to be used in a hydrodesulfurization unit of petroleum refinery of high molecular hydrocarbons, in which fresh metal oxide in said desulfurization catalyst is sulfurized with hydrogen sulfide produced from sulfur-containing compounds in a feed stream. In the invention, a compound having mercapto alkylthio group: HS—CmH2m—S— (in which “m” is an integer of 2 to 4) is added as promoter at a proportion of 10 ppm to 0.5% by weight and presulfurization is promoted at 180 to 260° C.

Abstract: An electron accepting developer useful for producing visible images by reaction with an electron donor in carbonless paper and photo-imaging systems, the developer comprising an acid-treated, water insoluble alkali metal-modified, inorganic oxide or an acid-treated molecular sieve.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulphurising supported catalysts containing at least one element selected from group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, said process being characterized in that said catalyst is sulphurised using a mixture containing at least one source of elemental sulphur and at least one source of carbon in an autogenous or inert atmosphere. Also disclosed are sulphurised catalysts obtained by the process of the invention, the use of the catalysts in processes for hydrocracking and hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon-containing feeds.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a catalyst wherein the volatile content of an impregnated support is reduced in one or more steps, wherein at least one volatile content reduction step is performed in the presence of a sulfur containing compound.

Abstract: An improved catalyst activation process for olefinic naphtha hydrodesulfurization. This process maintains the sulfur removal activity of the catalyst while reducing the olefin saturation activity.

Abstract: An improved catalyst activation process for olefinic naphtha hydrodesulfurization. This process maintains the sulfur removal activity of the catalyst while reducing the olefin saturation activity.

Abstract: Fluorine contained within a photocatalyst layer containing titanium oxide and other metallic oxide semiconductors increases the metallic oxide's photocatalytic activity. The described photocatalyst may be in the form of either film, flake, particulate, or fiber. In addition, it can be used for coating the surface of a base material of various forms, such as sheet, film, flake, particulate, bar, or fiber. When using a base material that has an alkaline-containing glass composition, establishing a fluorine-containing layer, such as a layer of fluorine-containing silicon dioxide and other metallic oxide, between the photocatalyst film and the base material can prevent the deterioration of photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer. The fluorine-containing layer functions as an alkaline barrier that controls the diffusion and migration of alkali metallic ions in the glass fibers, such as Na ions, into the photocatalyst layer.

Abstract: An active highly acidic microporous solid catalyst comprising sulphated metal oxide and at least one of carbon molecular sieve and/or heteropoly acid and having pore volume in the range of 0.1-0.2 m3/g and pore size distribution in the range of 25-40 Å for use in acid catalized organic reactions which occur in the microporous range of the catalysts such as nitration of aromatic compounds, cyclization of terpenoids and more particularly relates to the preparation of modified sulphated zirconia catalysts. The invention also covers the process for producing the abovesaid solid catalyst and its use in producing isopulegol-rich in 1-isopulegol isomer from d-citronellal and in process for mononitration of aromatic compounds C6H4R1R2 wherein R1=—CH3, —C2H5, —Cl, —Br or —I and R2—H or —CH3.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst for hydrorefining and hydroconverting hydrocarbon feeds, comprising a mixed sulphide comprising at least two elements selected from elements with an atomic number selected from the group formed by the following numbers: 3, 11, 12, 19 to 33, 37, to 51, 55 to 83, 87 to 103, characterized in that the mixed sulphide results from a combination of at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of less than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol) and at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of more than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol), the mixed sulphide thus having a mean bond energy between the metal and sulphur which is in the range 30 to 70 kcal/mol (125 to 293 kJ/mol).

Abstract: A catalyst system, in particular for carrying out cross-coupling reactions is obtainable by reactinga) a palladium(II) compound withb) a water-soluble phosphine ligand andc) a sulfoxide or polyhydric alcohol.

Abstract: An activated carbon catalyst having sulfur dispersed homogeneously thereon, the sulfur being chemically bonded to the activated carbon. A method of making the catalyst involves forming an intimate mixture of a synthetic carbon precursor and a sulfur-containing material, curing the carbon precursor, carbonizing the carbon precursor, activating the carbonized carbon precursor to produce an activated carbon catalyst having sulfur chemically bonded to the activated carbon and uniformly dispersed thereon.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone starting material with a phenol is an insoluble mercaptosulfonic acid compound. The heterogeneous catalysts comprise catalytically-active species represented by the formula: ##STR1## L is an optional linking group and--is a bond, which catalytically-active species is attached by the bond--to an insoluble organic or inorganic support;or a catalytically-active species represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein L' is an optional linking group,--is a bond and .theta.' and .theta." are residues of .theta., and a and b are independently selected from integers equal to or greater than 1.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the alkylation of isoalkanes is disclosed along with a process therefor the same. The catalyst comprises a zirconium halide and at least one member of the group consisting of sulfate basic sulfate, copper halide, copper nitrate and copper salt of an organic acid. The process for the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a zirconium halide and at least one member of the group consisting of sulfate, basic sulfate, copper halide, copper nitrate and copper salt of an organic acid at a temperature of room temperature--200.degree. C. and a pressure of atmospheric -5 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dual functional catalyst having both the catalytic reaction function and fractionation function and a catalytic distillation equipment for packing the catalyst therein. Said catalyst has a special shape and can be packed at random into the reaction section of said equipment. So, there exist adequate free spaces inside pellet and between pellets, enabling the vapor and liquid streams to pass through the catalyst beds directly and countercurrently, and contact with the dual functional catalyst directly. The reaction between the reactants and fractionation of products can be carried out simultaneously. Thus a high reaction efficiency is achieved. No special inner part is needed in the reaction section to pack the catalysts, so the structure of the equipment is simple and easy to operate, and the investment and cost of operation are low.

Abstract: A process for presulfurizing a hydrocarbon treatment catalyst and/or for preconditioning a catalyst, comprising one or two stages of incorporating sulfur into the pores of a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst conducted off-site in at least one zone that contains a catalyst, preferably in motion, and with either suilirated hydrogen (H.sub.2 S), sulfur, or a sulfur compound capable of evolving nascent suilirated hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for presulfurizing a refining catalyst or petrochemical catalyst consists of bringing a catalyst into contact with liquid elementary sulfur or elementary sulfur dissolved in a liquid, preferably another sulfur compound such as an organic polysulfide, in the presence of a stabilizing agent, e.g., a fatty acid, mercaptan or alcohol.

Abstract: A process comprising incorporation of a sulphuration agent into a hydrocarbon treatment catalyst to a greater or lesser extent into the pores of the catalyst, the agent being selected from, for example, elemental sulphur and organic polysulphides, incorporation being effected in the presence of a solvent which is an olefinic or olefinic cut constituent, for example a vegetable oil, or a similar constituent, the process comprising hydrogen treatment of the catalyst at between 150.degree. C. and 700.degree. C., followed by a passivation step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocatalyst for producing hydrogen, harmless to the environment and by which a large quantity of hydrogen is efficiently produced at low temperatures without using any organic promoter, represented by the following formula:Cs(a)X(c)/T(b)wherein "a" represents a percentage by weight of impregnated Cs on the basis of the weight of a carrier, being limited up to 6.0; "X" is a promoter selected from Ni, Co and Fe; "c" represents a percentage by weight of the promoter on the basis of the total weight of Cs and the promoter, being limited up to 50.0; "T" is the carrier consisting of a zinc sulfide mixture comprising an inorganic compound and zinc sulfide with the molar ratio of zinc:sulfur ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:2.8; and "b" represents a percentage by weight of the inorganic compound on the basis of the total amount of the ZnS mixture, being limited up to 50.

Abstract: A process comprises providing a catalyst comprising a support, a microwave absorption material, and a catalytically active phase; heating the catalyst with a source of microwave energy which is absorbed by said microwave absorption material to increase the temperature of the catalyst to a desired temperature; and contacting said heated catalyst with a hydrocarbon feedstock for upgrading same.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing branched aliphatic ketones in hydrocarbon mixtures from isoalkanes by a superacid catalyzed formylation-rearrangement reaction. The method can be used to simultaneously isomerize, if necessary, and formylate hydrocarbons in complex hydrocarbon mixtures such as refinery streams, alkylate mixtures, and natural gas liquids. Natural gas liquids of low octane number are upgraded and oxygenated by adding to the natural gas liquids or reactively producing in the liquids branched aliphatic ketones.

Abstract: Self-heating characteristics of a spontaneously combustible catalyst are reduced by treating spontaneously combustible catalysts with oxygen-containing hydrocarbons having at least 12 carbon atoms. The treatment is particularly suitable for reducing the self-heating characteristics of sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalysts, presulfurized catalysts, presulfided catalysts or reduced catalysts. When applied to sulfur-containing catalysts, the treatment gives a catalyst that has suppressed self-heating properties without substantially compromising sulfur retention or activity. Further, a method of safely unloading a catalyst from a reactor is provided where the catalyst in the reactor is treated with a liquid mixture containing oxygen-containing hydrocarbon having at least 12 carbon atoms to wet the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of a catalyst for preparing vinyl acetate in the gas phase from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen or oxygen-containing gases which catalyst comprises palladium and/or its compounds, gold and/or its compounds and also alkali metal compounds on a particulate, porous support obtained bya) impregnating the support with soluble palladium and gold compounds,b) converting the soluble palladium and gold compounds into insoluble palladium and gold compounds by addition of an alkaline solution to the support,c) reducing the insoluble palladium and gold compounds on the support with a reducing agent in the liquid or gaseous phase,d) impregnating the support with at least one soluble alkali metal compound ande) finally drying the support at a maximum of 150.degree. C.,wherein the catalyst is brought into contact with at least one peroxidic compound in step b).

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the alkylation of isoalkanes is disclosed along with a process therefor the same. The catalyst comprises a reaction product resulting from mutual contact of a zirconium halide and a magnesium halide and/or a magnesium oxyhalide. The process for the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a reaction product resulting from mutual contact of a zirconium halide and a magnesium halide and/or a magnesium oxyhalide at a temperature of room temperature--150.degree. C. and a pressure of atmospheric--5 MPa.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for sulfiding hydrocarbon conversion catalysts, e.g., hydrotreating catalysts comprising at least one metal sulfide and passivating said sulfided catalyst. The catalysts which may be treated by the method of the present invention comprise an alumina or an silica-alumina support e.g., a zeolite, and at least one Group VI metal sulfide and/or at least one Group VIII metal sulfide. In particular, the present invention provides a process for continuously activating a fresh or regenerated catalyst comprising at least one Group VI or Group VIII metal oxide supported on a particulate refractory oxide support material by converting substantially all of said Group VI or Group VIII metal oxide to the corresponding metal sulfide and passivating the resulting activated catalyst.

Abstract: A silver catalyst for ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide is provided containing a promoter combination consisting of an alkali metal component, a sulfur component, and a lanthanide component, the catalyst being essentially free of rhenium and transition metal components; optionally the catalyst contains a fluorine component.

Abstract: A process for preparing high-octane gasoline components consists in that a feed stock, composed of isobutane and olefins, preferably butylenes, in a molar ratio between 1 and 40, is contacted at temperatures of from about 50 to about 160.degree. C. and at pressures of from about 1 to about 40 atm. with a heterogeneous acid catalyst, whose active component is a metal-complex or metaloxopolymeric compound of the general formula H.sub.k (Me.sup.1); (Me.sup.2).sub.m O.sub.n X.sub.p wherein k=1-6; j=1-3; m=1-5; n=1-10, p=2-10, dispersed in a porous organic or inorganic matrix, followed by the extraction regeneration of the deactivated catalyst with an organic or inorganic solvent.

Abstract: A solid superacid catalyst composition of a carrier material having a particle size of between 0.5 and 5000 nm and at least one pendant fluoroalkylsulfonic acid or fluoro, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid group attached thereto. Also, methods for making this catalysts by attaching pendant fluoroalkylsulfonic acid or fluoro, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid groups to the carrier material by various procedures to form the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for ex-situ presulfurization of porous particles of a hydrocarbon hydroconversion catalyst that contains at least one metal or metal oxide, comprising bringing catalytic particles into contact with a presulfurizing agent that contains elementary sulfur and at least one organic liquid. It is characterized in that the process comprises preparing the presulfurizing agent in the form of an essentially homogeneous liquid and impregnating the catalyst particles with said liquid, with said elementary sulfur consequently being incorporated for the most part into the pores of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst comprising a porous organic or inorganic support and at least one active phase comprising at least one acid selected from acids with formula R--SO.sub.3 H, where R is fluorine or an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group, and at least one weakly basic aprotic organic solvent, the support having been impregnated with the active phase, the catalyst being such that it is essentially constituted by particles with an average diameter in the range 0.1 .mu.m to 150 .mu.m, and being such that before impregnation with the active phase, the support has a total pore volume in the range 0.5 cm.sup.3 /g to 6 cm.sup.3 /g. The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst for aliphatic alkylation.

Abstract: A silver catalyst for ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide is provided containing a promoter combination consisting of an alkali metal component, a sulfur component, a fluorine component, and a pnictogen component from the group phosphorus, bismuth and antimony; the catalyst is essentially free of rhenium and transition metal components.

Abstract: A novel alkylation catalyst is described which is used in processes for alkylating olefin hydrocarbons with isoparaffin hydrocarbons to produce high octane alkylate products suitable for use as a blending component of gasoline motor fuel. The novel catalyst comprises a mixture of a hydrogen helide, a sulfone and a promoter. The novel alkylation catalyst is utilized in a novel process for alkylating olefin hydrocarbons with isoparaffin hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A solid state insoluble salt catalyst system for the carbocationic polymerization of olefin monomer in the presence of a polar or non-polar reaction medium, which comprises (a) solid state catalyst component comprising at least one salt of a strong acid and a carbocationically active transition metal selected from Groups III A, IV A, V A and VI A of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein said salt is insoluble in the reaction medium; and (b) cocatalyst component effective for promoting the carbocationic polymerization.

Abstract: A solid state insoluble salt catalyst system for the carbocationic polymerization of olefin monomer in the presence of a polar or non-polar reaction medium, which comprises (a) solid state catalyst component comprising at least one salt of a strong acid and a carbocationically active transition metal selected from Groups III A, IV A, V A and VI A of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein said salt is insoluble in the reaction medium; and (b) cocatalyst component effective for promoting the carbocationic polymerization.

Abstract: A malodorous component is eliminated using a catalytic composition comprising a phosphate of a tetravalent metal (titanium or other Group 4 elements of the Periodic Table of Elements), a hydroxide of a divalent metal (copper, zinc or other transition metal), and a photocatalyst. The photocatalyst includes sulfide-semiconductors, oxide-semiconductors and other photo-semiconductors, e.g. titanium oxide. The composition may further contain silicon dioxide and/or a silver component. The catalytic composition insures efficient elimination of not only acidic components and basic components but also neutral components over a long period, irrespective of with or without a light irradiation.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for hydrodealkylating a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound such as, for example, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed. The composition comprises an alumina, a metal oxide, and a acid site modifier selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, sulfur oxides, phosphorus oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The process comprises contacting a fluid which comprises a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound to a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A silver catalyst for ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide is provided containing a promoter combination consisting of an alkali metal component, a sulfur component, a germanium or tin component, and a fluorine component the catalyst being essentially free of rhenium and transition metal compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to dimetal sulfide or selenide microporous crystalline compositions. These compositions have the empirical formulaR.sub.x (M.sup.1+.sub.y M.sup.2+.sub.z M.sub.4)A.sub.qwhere R is a cation such as tetramethylammonium ion, M.sup.1+ is a metal such as copper, silver, etc. M.sup.2+ is a metal such as zinc, cobalt, etc., M is germanium or tin and A is sulfur or selenium. The subscripts x, y, z and q represent the mole fractions of R, M.sup.1+, M.sup.2+ and A respectively. Finally, the three dimensional structure of said composition is characterized in that it contains M.sup.1+ --M.sup.1+ metal-metal bonds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for presulfiding hydrocarbon processing catalysts by impregnating the catalyst with an inorganic polysulfide solution containing at least one water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon such that at least a portion of said sulfide or sulfur is incorporated in the pores of said catalyst, and thereafter heating the sulfur-incorporated catalyst under non-oxidizing conditions to fix the incorporated sulfur onto the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for the catalytic reduction of sulfur dioxide, for example in flue gas, by carbon monoxide using lanthanum oxysulfide as the active catalyst. The catalyst is prepared from lanthanum oxide by hydration and sulfidization, the latter step being carried out in the gas stream itself. This method of preparation has more general applicability and can also be used as a method for the preparation of lanthanum, yttrium, gadolinium and lutetium oxysulfides generally.

Abstract: A material having ultrafine gold particles immobilized thereon consists essentially of at least one support selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal sulfides, and carbonaceous substances and ultrafine gold particles having a maximum particle diameter of 250 angstroms and deposited on the support with strong interaction. The material exhibits high activity as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. It is produced by causing a vaporized organic gold complex to contact at least one support selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal sulfides, and carbonaceous substances in an atmosphere of reduced pressure thereby inducing adsorption of the vapor of organic gold complex on the support and then heating the product of the adsorption to a temperature in the range of 100.degree.-700.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for presulfiding hydrocarbon processing catalysts by impregnating the catalyst with an inorganic polysulfide solution such that at least a portion of said sulfide or sulfur is incorporated in the pores of said catalyst, and thereafter heating the sulfur-incorporated catalyst under non-oxidizing conditions to fix the incorporated sulfur onto the catalyst.

Abstract: A silver catalyst for ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide is provided containing a promoter combination consisting of an alkali metal component, a sulfur component, and a fluorine component, the catalyst being essentially free of rhenium and transition metal components.

Abstract: A rhenium free silver catalyst for ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide is provided containing a promoter combination consisting of an alkali metal component a niobium or tantalum component, and a sulfur component.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a catalyst comprising a porous organic or mineral support, preferably silica, and an acidic phase containing B(OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3 and at least one acid selected from the group formed by sulphuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and trifluoromethane sulphonic acid (CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3 H), the support having been impregnated by said acidic phase, said catalyst being such that it is constituted essentially by particles with an average diameter of between 0.1 and 150 .mu.m, such that the support, prior to its impregnation with said acidic phase, has a total pore volume of between 0.5 and 6 cm.sup.3 per gram and said catalyst being characterized in that said acidic phase contains:between 0.1 and 70% by weight of B(OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3 ;between 0 and 90% by weight of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 ;between 0 and 90% by weight of CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3 H.