Abstract: The invention relates to a novel catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. It is characterized in that the catalyst contains a group VIII metal deposited on a support previously modified by an element chosen from within group IIIA constituted by gallium and indium.

Abstract: A microporous structure with layered interstitial surface treatments, and method and apparatus for preparation thereof. The structure is prepared by sequentially subjecting a uniformly surface-treated structure (10a) to atomic oxygen treatment to remove an outer layer (16) of surface treatment to a generally uniform depth, and then surface treating the so exposed layer with another surface treating agent. The atomic oxygen/surface treatment steps may optionally be repeated, each successive time to a lesser depth, to produce a microporous structure having multilayered surface treatments. The apparatus (200) employs at least one side arm (228) from a main atomic oxygen-containing chamber (202). The side arm (228) has characteristic relaxation times such that a uniform atomic oxygen dose rate is delivered to a specimen (239) positioned transversely in the side arm (228) spaced from the main gas chamber (202).

Abstract: A method for incorporating diverse Varieties of intercalants or templates directly during hydrothermal synthesis of clays such as hectorite or montmorillonite-type layer-silicate clays. For a hectorite layer-silicate clay, refluxing a gel of silica sol, magnesium hydroxide sol and lithium fluoride for two days in the presence of an organic or organometallic intercalant or template results in crystalline products containing either (a) organic dye molecules such as ethyl violet and methyl green, (b) dye molecules such as alcian blue that are based on a Cu(II)-phthalocyannine complex, or (c) transition metal complexes such as Ru(II)phenanthroline and Co(III)sepulchrate or (d) water-soluble porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. Montmorillonite-type clays are made by the method taught by U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,454 issued to Hickson, Jun. 13, 1975; however, a variety of intercalants or templates may be introduced.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising MCM-36 and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component. A particular example of such a catalyst comprises MCM-36, nickel and tungsten.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulphur-containing compounds to elemental sulphur, comprising at least one catalytically active material and optionally a carrier, the catalyst having a specific surface area of more than 20 m.sup.2 /g and an average pore radius of at least 25 .ANG., while under the reaction conditions the catalyst exhibits no substantial activity towards the Claus reaction.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing organic-swelled layered silicate by direct crystallization from an alkaline reaction mixture containing a source of silicon oxide and organic onium compound, e.g., a cetyltrimethylammonium salt. Layered silicates containing interlayer polymeric chalcogenide are prepared by contacting the organic-swelled layered silicate with a source of polymeric chalcogenide, e.g., tetraethylorthosilicate.

Abstract: A catalyst is described for the preparation of isobutene by dehydroisomerization of n-butane consisting of a solid, granular support of porous gamma-alumina on the surface of which catalytic quantities of platinum, silica and preferably also one or more promotors are deposited. In a preferred form of embodiment this catalyst is used with a second catalyst which may be formed of Boralite B or a solid granular support gamma-alumina on the surface of which catalytic quantities of silica are deposited.The present invention relates also to the process of dehydroisomerization of n-butane to isobutene in which the catalyst is used and the relative operating conditions.

Abstract: A composition useful for catalyzing alkylation and transalkylation reactions comprises a molecular sieve having alkylation and/or transalkylation activity, an inorganic refractory oxide component and greater than 3.5 weight percent water. Such a catalyst has been found to maintain a long life when used to produce ethylbenzene in an integrated process in which benzene is alkylated with ethylene and transalkylated with diethylbenzene. The catalyst can also be used to produce cumene via an integrated process in which benzene is alkylated with propylene and transalkylated with diisopropylbenzene.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising at least one hydrogenation metal, such as Ni and Mo, supported on a delaminated layered silicate, such as kenyaite, which has been swollen and calcined. There is also provided a method for making this catalyst. There is further provided a process for using this catalyst to demetalize a petroleum feedstock, such as a gas oil.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon-containing oil contains at least one hydrogenation component on an amorphous, porous refractory oxide support containing between 2 and 8 weight percent of silica. The catalyst is prepared by impregnating support particles having a narrow pore size distribution and a median pore diameter greater than about 120 angstroms with a solution containing precursors of the hydrogenation components, followed by drying and calcining. The catalyst is useful for promoting a number of hydrocarbon hydroprocessing reactions, particularly simultaneous hydrogenative desulfurization, demetallization and denitrogenation of residuum-containing oils.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for hydroisomerizing wax containing feeds comprises a Group VIII metal on an alumina or silica-alumina support having less than about 35 wt % silica and is surface treated with at least about 0.5 wt % silica or a silica precursor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a catalyst for the fluid bed incineration of a combustible hydrocarbon feedstock. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with a mixture of a fluidized heat transfer media and a combustion promoter catalyst, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas stream in excess of that required for complete combustion of the carbon monoxide formed, at feedstock combustion conditions. The combustion promoter catalyst consists essentially of particulate with a particle size of greater than 150 microns and includes a promoter metal present in an amount to provide a substantially carbon monoxide-free flue gas.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising at least one hydrogenation metal, such as Ni and Mo, supported on a delaminated layered silicate, such as kenyaite, which has been swollen and calcined. There is also provided a method for making this catalyst. There is further provided a process for using this catalyst to demetalize a petroleum feedstock, such as a gas oil.

Abstract: The hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers is effected employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a porous support wherein the porous support is characterized by a pore size distribution such that at least 95% of the pore volume is defined by pores having diameters greater than 450 angstroms and the ratio of metal surface area to carrier surface area is in the range from about 0.07-0.75:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst suitable for hydrotreating hydrocarbonaceous oils which catalyst is comprised of at least one hydrogenative-active metal component supported on a carrier material comprised of about 20 to 60 weight percent of amorphous silica-alumina and about 80 to 40 weight percent of crystalline alumina having an average crystallite size of 35 .ANG., or less.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalytic composite for decomposing fats and oils, and a heating cooker having the catalytic composite mounted therein. The catalytic composite comprises a porous sheet made of ceramic fibers and/or metal fibers, and a catalyst. The catalytic composite is capable of decomposing oil grease or stains deposited on the inner wall of a heating cooker and cooking exhausts emitted in the process of cooking by oxidation, at relatively low temperatures.

Abstract: An improved pretreatment method for preparing powdered catalysts with well controlled particle size distributions that are free of sub 1 micron particles comprising dispersion of the powdered catalyst in liquid comprised of either a) a hydrocarbon containing low levels of a surfactant or, b) a surfactant containing polar protic solvent, followed by decantation of the suspended finely divided sub 1 micron particles and repeating said sequence until essentially 90% of the sub 1 micron particles have been removed.

Abstract: There is provided a method for pillaring a layered silicate, such as kenyaite, with polymeric oxide by using a single step treatment with a mixture of swelling agent and pillar precursor. The swelling agent may be an organic cation, such as a cetyltrimethylammonium cation, and the pillar precursor may be a compound which is capable of hydrolyzing to form a polymeric oxide. Tetraethylorthosilicate is an example of such a pillar precursor.

Abstract: A catalyst support for detoxifying the exhaust gases of alcohol fueled internal combustion engines contains, besides rare earth metal oxides and palladium, molybdenum silicide on active aluminum oxide in order to improve the conversion of noxious substances and the start up behavior.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst is described which comprises at least one Group VI metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, and at least one Group VIII metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, supported on a carrier wherein (A) the catalyst comprises from about 10% to about 35% by weight of combined metal, and the atomic ratio of the Group VIII metal to Group VI metal is in the range of from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1; (B) the carrier comprises from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of halogen, from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of silica and from about 85 to about 99% of alumina; and (C) the catalyst is characterized as having a median pore radius of from about 30 to about 65 Angstroms, and a surface area of from about 120 to about 180 m.sup.2 /g. Also described are novel and improved procedures for preparing the carrier or support used to prepare the catalysts.

Abstract: A method for preparing an amorphous mixed oxide composition of enhanced catalytic activity is provided which involves extruding a mixture of silica with one or more other oxides, e.g. titania, gallia, alumina, etc., treating the extrudate with a basic aqueous alkali and/or alkaline earth solution and then treating the extrudate with an ammonium exchange solution.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst is described which comprises at least one Group VI metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, at least one Group VIII metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, and a halogen supported on a carrier wherein(A) the catalyst comprises from about 10% to about 35% by weight of combined metal and the atomic ratio of the Group VIII metal to Group VI metal is in the range of from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1;(B) the catalyst contains from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of halogen;(C) the carrier comprises from about 10 to about 50% by weight of silica and from about 40 to about 90% of alumina; and(D) the catalyst is characterized as having a median pore radius of from about 20 to about 90 Angstroms, and a surface area of from about 90 to about 230 m.sup.2 /g.The catalyst is useful in the production of lubricating oils from crude lubricating oil stocks.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a diester of oxalic acid by the vapor phase catlytic reaction of carbon monoxide with an ester of nitrous acid in the presence of a catalyst composed of a solid carrier and a catalyst component supported on the carrier, the improvement wherein said catalyst component is composed of(a) a platinum-group metal or a salt thereof, and(b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron and an iron (II or III) compound,the atomic ratio of the component (a) to the component (b) as metal being from 10,000:1 to 1:4.

Abstract: A process for producing catalysts, in which an active component or a compound to be converted into an active component is obtained or deposited on a carrier material, using deposition-precipitation. According to the invention, the formula of a carrier material, which may or may not be catalytically active, and/or the precipition of the active component or a compound to be converted into such active component on a carrier material is effected by means of an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite for treating an exhaust gas comprising a first support which is refractory inorganic oxide having dispersed thereon at least one noble metal component and having dispersed immediately thereon an overlayer comprising at least one oxygen storage component and optionally a second support which is a refractory inorganic oxide. The first support may be selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia and aluminosilicates with alumina being preferred. Additionally, the noble metal component may be selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. The oxygen storage component is an oxide of a metal which includes cerium, iron, nickel, cobalt lanthanum, neodymium, praesodymium, etc. and mixtures thereof. Cerium oxide is a preferred oxygen storage component.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a silica-containing carrier on which a metal component iron, nickel, or cobalt promoted by zirconium is supported snd, in addition, as promoter a noble metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table; the promoter cobalt/zirconium catalyst is suitable for the preparation of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: Lower olefinic hydrocarbons are produced from methanol in a high yield and with a high selectivity by bringing methanol into contact with a metallosilicate catalyst of the formula Si/Me wherein atomic ratio of Si/Me is 25-3200 and Me is Fe, Ni or Co at a temperature of 250.degree.-400.degree. C., a space velocity of 2000-8000 hr.sup.-1 and a pressure of atmospheric pressure -50 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalyst comprising silica/alumina or silica/alumina-containing carrier comprising 2 to 35 wt. % silica and Group VIII and/or Group VIB metals as hydrogenation active components is prepared by first step impregnation with at least one Group VIII metal and a second step impregnation with at least one Group VIB metal. Preferably the impregnation is via ion exchange using a complex salt, preferably an ammine or amine salt, of the metal. The carrier is characterized by a maximum of pores in 30 to 100 .ANG. range and a minimum of pores in 0 to 30 .ANG. and in 300 .ANG.+.

Abstract: Mild hydrocracking is accomplished with a catalyst containing an intermediate pore molecular sieve, such as silicalite or a ZSM-5 type zeolite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds, in particular hydrogen sulfide, to form elemental sulfur, comprising a carrier of which the surface exposed to the gaseous phase does not exhibit alkaline properties under the reaction conditions, and a catalytically active material applied thereto or formed thereon. According to the invention the catalyst is characterized in that the specific surface area of the catalyst is less than 20 m.sup.2 /g catalyst, with less than 10% of the total pore volume having a pore radius between 5 and 500 .ANG.. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the catalyst, and to processes using it.

Abstract: Catalytic materials are modified by adding one or more electropositive and/or electronegative elements thereto in amounts sufficient to adjust the resultant geometric mean electronegativity to a value within a desired or predetermined range. The invention is particularly suited to the preparation of hydrocarbon hydroprocessing catalysts, particularly with respect to hydrodesulfurization catalysts comprising a support material containing a porous refractory oxide. With such catalysts, not only is the geometric mean electronegativity adjusted to a desired value, but if the electropositive or electronegative element added to the catalyst has pore growth promotion properties, the average pore size of the resultant catalyst is increased while its surface area, and usually also its total pore volume, is decreased.

Abstract: Catalyst precursor units, e.g. for ammonia synthesis catalysts, comprise an iron oxide composition in the form of sintered shaped units of substantially uniform cross section having a plurality, e.g. 13 to 50 or more, through passages of substantially uniform cross section. The passages preferably have a diameter of less than 1.5, particularly less than 0.7, mm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions which are suitable for use in such processes as ammonia synthesis, carbon monoxide hydrogenation, hydrogenation and denitrogenation. The method comprises forming a gel, or suspension, by admixing: (i) one or more transition metal cyano-containing anionic-complex solutions wherein at least one solution contains a reducible transition metal, and wherein one or more of these solutions optionally contains a nonreducible metal, with (ii) one or more solutions containing polyvalent metal cations. The resulting gel, or suspension is heated to a temperature of about 90.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. for an effective amount of time to allow hydrolysis and polymerization to occur. The resulting solid is then filtered and ion exchanged with ions of one or more metals selected from those exchangeable metals from groups IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB, VIB, VIIB, and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The resulting ion-exchanged material is then dried.

Abstract: Silicon containing methanation catalysts e.g. those prepared by coprecipitation techniques, may be stabilized to prevent leaching of silicon species by a hydrothermal treatment comprising heating the reduced catalyst in a steam reducing gas atmosphere, lowering the temperature until liquid water species condense out, reheating to evaporate the condensed water and passivation in a mildly oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a catalytic metal and a support, the support being prepared by depositing a metal alkoxide on a core support, then calcining the support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are catalyst compositions comprised of:(a) from about 15 to about 85 wt. % of crystallites selected from the group consisting of (i) crystallites of one or more transition metals and (ii) crystallites of reducible transition metal carbides and nitrides, and mixtures thereof, said transition metal being selected from those reducible metals from Groups IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB, and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, wherein at least 80% of the crystallities have a diameter, d, between about 25 .ANG. and 500 .ANG. with the proviso that the crystallite size distribution of at least about 80% of these be expressed by the relationship 0.5D<d<2D where D is the median of the diameters of this 80%.(b) from about 15 to about 85 wt.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising alumina as the major component and silica as a minor component is prepared by a process comprising sequential addition of solutions of aluminum salt and alkali metal aluminate, addition of a solution of alkali metal silicate to dispersed alumina hydrogen and heating formed alumina-silica hydrogel under dehydrating conditions. The thus prepared composition of matter, optionally promoted with at least one transition metal compound, can be used as a catalyst for hydrotreating substantially liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed streams which also contain sulfur and metal compounds as impurities.

Abstract: A reverse micelle impregnant solution comprising a hydrocarbon solvent, a surfactant having both polar and nonpolar characteristics and a metal ion containing water core wherein the concentration of said metal ion in said water core is greater than 0.1 moles/liter. The reverse micelle is prepared by first dissolving a metal compound in water. In order to maintain a minimum water core diameter a small amount of the aqueous solution is then added to a surfactant/hydrocarbon solution to form the reverse micelle impregnant solution. Metals contemplated include the platinum metals and Group VIII metals. The surfactant may be nonionic, anionic or cationic or any combination thereof. A reverse micelle solution containing co-surfactants and/or co-metals is also contemplated.

Abstract: Amorphous, approximately spherical silica particles prepared by the acidic hydrolysis of an approximately spherical synthetic calcium silicate having a uniform microgranular structure on their external surfaces and a structure in the interior thereof which structure only weakly recall the original crystal needle structure of the starting material. The average external particle size is from 15 to 80 .mu.m, the apparent particle volume is from 1.3 to 3 cm.sup.3 /g, and the specific surface area is from 250 to 800 m.sup.2 /g. The silica particles are particularly suitable for use as catalyst supports.

Abstract: Mild hydrocracking is accomplished with a catalyst containing an intermediate pore molecular sieve, such as silicalite or a ZSM-5 type zeolite.

Abstract: Silica-based chromatographic and reactive materials are disclosed with surfaces modified to contain or to be coated with oxides, hydrous oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or silicates of aluminum, iron, or other suitable metals such as zirconium or titanium. The materials exhibit good resistance to dissolution and resulting loss of activity or clogging. This good resistance is particularly evident even in the high pH region (above 8-9) and in the high temperature region (above 35.degree. C.) where the dissolution rates and solubilities of aluminosilicates and of trivalent iron oxides are much smaller than those of silica.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a catalytic metal and a support, the support being prepared by depositing a metal alkoxide on a core support, then calcining the support.

Abstract: An improved oxidation catalyst, well adopted for the conversion of H.sub.2 S-containing acid gases at least in part to elemental sulfur, is facilely prepared by (i) hydrothermally treating at least a portion of an active alumina support, and (ii) then impregnating said at least partially hydrothermally treated support with a catalytically effective amount of a catalytically active oxide phase which comprises the oxides of at least one of the metals, Fe, Cu, Ag, W, Co, Ni, Bi, Cr and Cd, with the proviso (iii) that at least one rare earth oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, zirconium oxide or silica compound, or any precursor compound thereof, is incorporated into the catalyst during either of the steps (i) or (ii).

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is prepared using a solvated metal atom technique. The thus formed catalyst is active for the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbons though it contains less than about 5% metal by weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: Single phase, unsupported, Group IA or IIA metal salt promoted manganese-containing iron spinel catalysts, having Fe:Mn atomic ratios of 2:1 and above, have been found to be highly active for the selective conversion of CO/H.sub.2 to alpha olefins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions wherein a gel, or colloidal suspension is formed by admixing (a) a 0.6 to 10M aqueous solution containing one or more soluble salts or complexes of one or more transition metals, wherein at least one of the transition metals is reducible and hydrolyzable, and one or more elements selected from Cr, Al, Si, Th, U, the lanthanides, and elements from Groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements, with (b) a 0.5 to 10N aqueous base solution. The solid material is separated from the resulting gel, or colloidal suspension and washed and dried.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions which are suitable for use in such processes as ammonia synthesis, carbon monoxide hydrogenation, hydrogenation and denitrogenation. The method comprises forming a gel, or suspension, by admixing: (i) one or more transition metal cyano-containing anionic-complex solutions wherein at least one solution contains a reducible transition metal, and wherein one or more of these solutions optionally contains a nonreducible metal, with (ii) one or more solutions containing polyovalent metal cations. The resulting gel, or suspension is heated at a temperature of about 90.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. for an effective amount of time to allow hydrolysis and polymerization to occur. The resulting solid is then separated and dried.

Abstract: Preparation of alkylation catalysts containing iron oxide and/or chromium oxide, by means of a process which comprises:(a) precipitating hydrate oxides of iron and/or chromium from an aqueous solution of soluble compounds of said elements;(b) separating the thus obtained precipitate, and washing said precipitate;(c) granulating the washed precipitate, and drying the granules so obtained;(d) calcining said dried granules at high temperature;in which an organic carboxylic acid salt of iron and/or chromium is added to and homogenized with the washed precipitate from stage (b), and/or the dried granules from stage (c) are impregnated with an aqueous solution of an organic carboxylic acid salt of iron and/or chromium.The catalysts obtained by means of the above process are mechanically strong, and highly active in the production process of 2,6-xylenol by means of the alkylation of phenol or o-cresol with methanol.