Abstract: It is an object to provide a novel oxide catalyst for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile by which reaction results are good and a high yield can be stably maintained for a prolonged period of time, a process for producing the oxide catalyst, and a process for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile using the oxide catalyst. According to the present invention, there is provided an oxide catalyst represented by following compositional formula (1): Mo1VaSbbNbcMndWeYfOn??(1) wherein Y represents at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals; a, b, c, d, e, f, and n each represents an atomic ratio based on one atom of Mo; 0.1?a?1, 0.01?b?1, 0.01?c?1, 0?d?0.1, 0?e?0.1, 0<(d+e)?0.1, 0?f?1; and n is a number determined by valencies of the constituent metals.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for preparing a mixed oxide catalyst for use in producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile from propane or isobutene by ammoxidation in a gaseous phase via methods of heating or calcining precursor solid mixture to obtain mixed metal oxide catalyst compositions that exhibit catalytic activity.

Abstract: Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species in the off gas of an FCC regenerator operated in a partial or incomplete mode of combustion is achieved by contacting the off gas with an oxidative catalyst/additive composition having the ability to reduce gas phase nitrogen species to molecular nitrogen and to oxidize CO under catalytic cracking conditions. The oxidative catalyst/additive composition is used in an amount less than the amount necessary to prevent afterburn. Fluidizable particles of the oxidative catalyst/additives are circulated throughout the partial or incomplete burn FCC unit along with the FCC catalyst inventory. The flue gas having a reduced content of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx is passed to a downstream CO boiler, preferably a low NOx CO boiler. In the CO boiler, as CO is oxidized to CO2, a reduced amount of gas phase reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx, thereby providing an increase in the overall reduction of NOx emitted into the environment.

Abstract: Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species in the off gas of an FCC regenerator operated in a partial or incomplete mode of combustion is achieved by contacting the off gas with an oxidative catalyst/additive composition having the ability to reduce gas phase nitrogen species to molecular nitrogen and to oxidize CO under catalytic cracking conditions. The oxidative catalyst/additive composition is used in an amount less than the amount necessary to prevent afterburn. Fluidizable particles of the oxidative catalyst/additives are circulated throughout the partial or incomplete burn FCC unit along with the FCC catalyst inventory. The flue gas having a reduced content of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx is passed to a downstream CO boiler, preferably a low NOx CO boiler. In the CO boiler, as CO is oxidized to CO2, a reduced amount of gas phase reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx, thereby providing an increase in the overall reduction of NOx emitted into the environment.

Abstract: A catalytically active porous element for promoting catalytic gas phase reactions is proposed, said element comprising a porous structural element of sintered ceramic or metallic primary particles, which are selected from fibrous and/or granular particles, a secondary structure of titania nano particles deposited on the surface of said sintered primary particles and a catalytic component deposited on the surface of the titania nano particles. Thereby porous catalytic elements for catalytic gas phase reactions which are useful not only in NOX reduction reactions but also for other catalytic gas phase reactions are provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst by contacting a mixed metal oxide catalyst with water, and optionally, an aqueous metal oxide precursor to produce a modified mixed metal oxide, and calcining the modified mixed metal oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to soluble metal oxides and mixed metal oxides and to solutions comprising metal oxides and mixed metal oxides. The invention further relates to a process for preparing a soluble metal oxide and a soluble mixed metal oxide and additionally relates to a process for modifying the solubility of a soluble metal oxide. The metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and solutions thereof have a number of applications and in particular are suitable for use as catalysts and also as precursors for the formation of metal films.

Abstract: New types of photocatalyst materials are disclosed together with methods for preparing and using these materials, as well as air treatment systems incorporating such materials. The photocatalyst materials of this invention consist essentially of very small particles of a first-metal oxide, the first-metal being a metal that exhibits photo-induced semiconductor properties, having ions of a second-metal dispersed throughout its lattice structure, the second-metal being selected from the group of dopant metals. Such photocatalyst materials are prepared by the steps of mixing first-metal and second-metal precursors, removing nonessential ions from the mixture, drying the resulting product, and calcinating the dried product to produce the completed photocatalyst material.

Abstract: A methanol oxidation catalyst is provided, which includes nanoparticles having a composition represented by the following formula 1: PtxRuyTzQu ??formula 1 In the formula 1, the T-element is at least one selected from a group consisting of Mo, W and V and the Q-element is at least one selected from a group consisting of Nb, Cr, Zr and Ti, x is 40 to 90 at. %, y is 0 to 9.9 at. %, z is 3 to 70 at. % and u is 0.5 to 40 at. %. The area of the peak derived from oxygen bond of T-element is 80% or less of the area of the peak derived from metal bond of T-element in a spectrum measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectral method.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing an oxide catalyst used in a vapor-phase catalytic oxidation or vapor-phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction of propane or isobutene, which enables a catalyst demonstrating favorable yield to be stably produced. According to the present invention, there is provided a process for producing an oxide catalyst used in a vapor-phase catalytic oxidation or vapor-phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction of propane or isobutane, comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a catalyst raw material mixture containing Mo, V and Nb and satisfying the relationships of 0.1?a?1 and 0.01?b?1 when atomic ratios of V and Nb to one atom of Mo are defined as a and b, respectively; (ii) drying the catalyst raw material mixture; and (iii) calcining a particle, in which a content of the particle having a particle diameter of 25 ?m or less is 20% by mass or less and a mean particle diameter is from 35 to 70 ?m, in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for making a porous catalyst, comprises a) providing an aqueous solution containing a nanoparticle precursor, b) forming a composition containing nanoparticles, c) adding a first catalytic component or precursor thereof and a pore-forming agent to the composition containing nanoparticles and allowing the first catalytic component, the pore-forming agent, and the nanoparticles form an organic-inorganic structure, d) removing water from the organic-inorganic structure; and e) removing the pore-forming agent from the organic-inorganic structure so as to yield a porous catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts for the production of hydrogen using the water gas shift reaction and the carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbon-containing fuels. The catalysts nickel and/or copper on a ceria/zirconia support, where the support is prepared using a surfactant templating method. The invention also includes processes for producing hydrogen, reactors and hydrogen production systems utilizing these catalysts.

Abstract: A catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a paraffin to form an olefin, the catalyst having a general formula MoaVbXcYdOn wherein: X=at least one of Nb and Ta; Y=at least one of Te, Sb, Ga, Pd, W, Bi and Al; a=1.0; b=0.05 to 1.0; c=0.001 to 1.0; d=0.001 to 1.0; and n is determined by the oxidation states of the other elements. The catalyst may have a selectivity to the olefin of at least 90 mole % at a paraffin conversion of at least 65%.

Abstract: A process for forming a catalyst useful for the production of an olefin from a hydrocarbon is disclosed. The process may include: admixing at least one of elemental metals and compounds to form a multi-metal composition comprising Mo, V, Nb, Te and at least one of Ni and Sb; adjusting the pH of the multi-metal composition by adding nitric acid; drying the acidified multi-metal composition; calcining the dried multi-metal composition; and grinding the calcined multi-metal composition. The ground multi-metal composition may then be sized or shaped to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst. Alternatively, the ground multi-metal composition may be treated with an acid, optionally annealed, and sized or shaped to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for the oxidation of an alkane, alkene or mixtures thereof. The catalyst includes a mixed-metal oxide having the formula MoaVbNbcTedSbeOf wherein, when a=1, b=0.01 to 1.0, c=0.01 to 1.0, d=0.01 to 1.0, e=0.01 to 1.0, and f is dependent upon the oxidation state of the other elements, the catalyst further characterized by having at least two crystal phases, the first crystal phase being an orthorhombic M1 phase and the second crystal phase being a pseudo-hexagonal M2 phase, the orthorhombic M1 phase present in an amount between greater than 60 weight percent to less than 90 weight percent. The catalysts disclosed herein exhibit a chemisorption of NH3 of less than about 0.2 mmole per gram of metal oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst for acrylonitrile synthesis is disclosed which is composed of particles containing silica and a composite oxide including at least molybdenum. When the Mo/Si atomic ratio in bulk composition of the catalyst is represented by A and the Mo/Si atomic ratio in surface composition of the particles is represented by B, B/A is not more than 0.6.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a novel oxide catalyst for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile by which reaction results are good and a high yield can be stably maintained for a prolonged period of time, a process for producing the oxide catalyst, and a process for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile using the oxide catalyst. According to the present invention, there is provided an oxide catalyst represented by following compositional formula (1): Mo1VaSbbNbcMndWeYfOn??(1) wherein Y represents at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals; a, b, c, d, e, f, and n each represents an atomic ratio based on one atom of Mo; 0.1?a?1, 0.01?b?1, 0.01?c?1, 0 d?0.1, 0?e?0.1, 0<(d+e)?0.1, 0?f?1; and n is a number determined by valencies of the constituent metals.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of cyanopyridines from methylpyridines by their conversion with ammonia and oxygen and catalysts suitable therefor which contain further transition metals in addition to vanadium and phosphorus.

Abstract: A melt phase process for making a polyester polymer melt phase product by adding an antimony containing catalyst to the melt phase, polycondensing the melt containing said catalyst in the melt phase until the It.V. of the melt reaches at least 0.75 dL/g. Polyester polymer melt phase pellets containing antimony residues and having an It.V. of at least 0.75 dL/g are obtained without solid state polymerization. The polyester polymer pellets containing antimony residues and having an It.V. of at least 0.70 dL/g obtained without increasing the molecular weight of the melt phase product by solid state polymerization are fed to an extruder, melted to produce a molten polyester polymer, and extruded through a die to form shaped articles. The melt phase products and articles made thereby have low b* color and/or high L* brightness, and the reaction time to make the melt phase products is short.

Abstract: A process for preparing annular unsupported catalysts by thermally treating annular shaped unsupported catalyst precursor bodies, wherein the side crushing strength of the annular shaped unsupported catalyst precursor bodies is ?12 N and ?23 N; such precursor bodies per se; annular unsupported catalysts having a specific pore structure; and a method of using such annular unsupported catalysts for the catalytic partial oxidative preparation in the gas phase of (meth)acrolein.

Abstract: A solid catalyst carrier substrate coated with a surface area-enhancing washcoat composition including a catalytic component, a metal oxide and a refractory fibrous or whisker-like material having an aspect ratio of length to thickness in excess of 5:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst having high activity and excellent stability, a process for preparation of the catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly, and a fuel cell. The catalyst of the present invention comprises an electronically conductive support and catalyst fine particles. The catalyst fine particles are supported on the support and are represented by the formula (1): PtuRuxGeyTz (1). In the formula, u, x, y and z mean 30 to 60 atm %, 20 to 50 atm %, 0.5 to 20 atm % and 0.5 to 40 atm %, respectively. When the element represented by T is Al, Si, Ni, W, Mo, V or C, the content of the T-element's atoms connected with oxygen bonds is not more than four times as large as that of the T-element's atoms connected with metal bonds on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a trifunctional catalyst used in catalytic cracking device in petroleum refining industry and a method for preparing the same. The trifunctional catalyst of the invention comprises absorbent, cerium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide acting as oxidative catalyst and cerium oxyfluoride acting as structural promoter. The oxidative catalyst and structural promoter are dispersed over the absorbent. The absorbent is spinel-based composite oxides having a general formula of MgAl2-xFexO4.yMgO, where the x is 0.01-0.5 and y is 0.2-1.2. In the trifunctional catalyst, the raw material for forming the chemical compound containing rare-earth cerium is hamartite powder. The method for preparing the trifunctional catalyst of the invention is shown as follows: the components relating to the preparation of the finished product are dissolved or dispersed into liquid materials; then the trifunctional catalyst is obtained after the mixing, drying and calcining of such liquid materials.

Abstract: A catalyst for nitrogen oxide removal, which catalytically reduces nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas in the presence of ammonia, comprises: a first component comprising an oxide of titanium, an oxide of tungsten, and an oxide of vanadium; and a second component comprising an oxide of manganese, or an oxide of manganese and an oxide of copper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for preparing carbon nanotube and a process for preparing carbon nanotube using the same. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for preparing carbon nanotube by the chemical vapor deposition method through the decomposition of lower saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons using a multi-component metal catalyst composition containing active metal catalyst from Co, V, Al and inactive porous support. Further, the present invention affords the carbon nanotube having 5˜30 nm of diameter and 100˜10,000 of aspect ratio in a high catalytic yield.

Abstract: A catalyst that one or more metals from Column 5 of the Periodic Table and/or one or more compounds of one or more metals from Column 5 of the Periodic Table is described. The catalyst exhibits one or more bands in a range from 650 cm?1 to 1000 cm?1, as determined by Raman Spectroscopy. Methods of contacting a crude feed with hydrogen with the catalyst to produce a crude product with minimal hydrogen uptake are also described.

Abstract: A process for producing geometric shaped catalyst bodies K whose active material is a multielement oxide which comprises the element Mo, the elements Bi and/or V and one or more of the elements Co, Ni, Fe, Cu and alkali metals, in which sources of the different elements are used to obtain a finely divided mixture which is coarsened to a powder by press agglomeration, the coarsened powder is used to form, by press agglomeration, shaped bodies V which are separated into undamaged shaped bodies V+ and into damaged shaped bodies V?, the undamaged shaped bodies V+ are converted by thermal treatment to the shaped catalyst bodies K, and the damaged shaped bodies V? are comminuted and recycled into the obtaining of the finely divided mixture.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and its use for the oxidation of ethane to ethylene and acetic acid which comprises (i) a support, and (ii) in combination with oxygen, the elements molybdenum, vanadium and niobium, optionally tungsten and a component Z, which is one or more metals of Group 14 of the Periodic Table of Elements; a, b, c, d and e represent the gram atom ratios of the elements Mo, W, Z, V and Nb respectively, such that 0<a?1; 0?b<1 and a+b=1; 0.05<c?2; 0<d?2; and 0<e?1.

Abstract: Hydrothermally synthesized catalysts comprising a mixed metal oxide are utilized to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids by the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, in the presence thereof; or to produce unsaturated nitrites by the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, and ammonia in the presence thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst for producing acrylic acid at high yield for a long time, in a method for producing acrylic acid by catalytic gas phase oxidation of propane and/or acrolein in the presence of molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas. This catalyst comprises a complex oxide containing molybdenum, vanadium and X component (here the X component is at least one element selected from antimony, niobium and tin) as the essential components, and is characterized in that its main peak as measured by X-ray diffractiometry using K? ray of Cu, d=4.00±0.1 angstrom, and in that the particle size of the X component in the catalyst does not exceed 20 ?m.

Abstract: A method of producing a porous composite metal oxide comprising the steps of: dispersing first metal oxide powder, which is an aggregate of primary particles each with a diameter of not larger than 50 nm, in a dispersion medium by use of microbeads each with a diameter of not larger than 150 ?m, thus obtaining first metal oxide particles, which are 1 nm to 50 nm in average particle diameter, and not less than 80% by mass of which are not larger than 75 nm in diameter; dispersing and mixing up, in a dispersion medium, the first metal oxide particles and second metal oxide powder, which is an aggregate of primary particles each with a diameter of not larger than 50 nm, and which is not larger than 200 nm in average particle diameter, thus obtaining a homogeneously-dispersed solution in which the first metal oxide particles and second metal oxide particles are homogeneously dispersed; and drying the homogeneously-dispersed solution, thus obtaining a porous composite metal oxide.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising: (a) a support material comprising a component selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, thorium dioxide, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof; and (b) an active material comprising a mixture of vanadium (V) and antimony (Sb) and tungsten (W) and/or molybdenum (Mo), and optionally, at least one alkali metal, wherein the vanadium, antimony, tungsten and/or molybdenum and at least one alkali metal are each present in oxidic form; wherein the support material is provided in a form selected from the group of shapes consisting of spherical or approximately spherical and having a diameter of 2 to 10 mm, tubular or rod-shaped and having a diameter of 1 to 10 mm and a length of 2 to 20 mm, granular having a maximum diameter of 2 to 20 mm, and combinations thereof; and wherein the catalyst is diluted with an inert material; along with processes for preparing such catalysts and their use in pre

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of NOx emissions generated during catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, (iv) palladium and (v) a noble metal component, preferably platinum, rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced content of NOx in an effluent off gas of a full or complete combustion FCC regenerator are accomplished while simultaneously promoting the combustion of CO.

Abstract: A method and catalysts for producing a hydrogen-rich syngas are disclosed. According to the method a CO-containing gas contacts a water gas shift (WGS) catalyst, in the presence of water, preferably at a temperature of less than about 450° C. to produce a hydrogen-rich syngas. Also disclosed is a water gas shift catalyst formulated from: a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof, b) at least one of Fe and Rh, their oxides and mixtures thereof, and c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Re, Co, Ni, Pd, Ge, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu, their oxides and mixtures thereof. The WGS catalyst may be supported on a carrier, such as any one member or a combination of alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, magnesia, lanthania, niobia, yttria and iron oxide. Fuel processors containing such water gas shift catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides an activated carbon supported cobalt based catalyst for directly converting of synthesis gas to mixed linear alpha-alcohols and paraffins, comprising cobalt, an activated carbon carrier, a metal promoter which is at least one selected from the group consisting of a zirconium component, a lanthanum component, a cerium component, a chromium component, a vanadium component, a titanium component, a manganese component, a rhenium component, a potassium component, a ruthenium component, a magnesium component and a mixture thereof, wherein the cobalt and the promoter are deposited on the activated carbon carrier or substantially uniformly dispersed therein, and the metal promoter is present in the form of a metal, an oxide or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for making acrylic acid from acrolein; a process for making methacrylic acid from methacrolein; and a process for making acrylic acid from propane.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing dimeric or higher polymeric reaction products of nitrogen aromatics comprise contacting a composition comprising the nitrogen aromatic with a catalyst composition. The catalyst is in particulate form and comprises a first metal substrate having a second reduced metal coated on the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-performance catalyst for use in a reaction for acrylic acid production from propane or propylene through air oxidation, is provided. A process for producing a metal oxide catalyst having the following composition formula, the process comprising the following steps (1) and (2): MoViAjBkCxOy??Composition formula (wherein A is Te or Sb; B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, and Ti; C is Si or Ge; i and j each are 0.01-1.5 and j/i is from 0.3 to 1.0; k is 0.001-3.0; x is 0.002-0.

Abstract: A multi-phase catalyst for the simultaneous conversion of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons is provided. A catalyst composition comprising the multi-phase catalyst and methods of making the catalyst composition are also provided. The multi-phase catalyst may be represented by the general formula of CeyLn1-xAx+sMOZ, wherein Ln is a mixture of elements originally in the form of single-phase mixed lanthanides collected from natural ores, a single lanthanide, or a mixture of lanthanides; A is an element selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, or any combination thereof; and M is an element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, V, Zr, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Al, Ga, Mo, W, Ti, or any combination thereof; x is a number defined by 0?x<1.0; y is a number defined by 0?y<10; s is a number defined by 0?s<10; where s=0 only when y>0 and y=0 only when s>0.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a highly active catalyst for producing an unsaturated oxygen-containing compound from an alkane and the catalyst comprising Mo, V, Ti and Sb or Te as the indispensable active components. The preferable catalyst is represented by formula (1) or (2) as shown below, Mo1.0VaTibXcYdOe??(1) Mo1.0VaTibXcYdZfOe??(2) wherein X represents Sb or Te; Y represents Nb, W or Zr; Z represents Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca or Sr; a, b, c, d, e and f represent atomic ratios of their respective elements, with 0<a<0.7, 0<b<0.3, 0<c<0.7, 0?d<0.3, 0<f<0.1; e is a number determined by oxidation states of the other elements than oxygen.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided having higher mercury oxidation performance than a conventional catalyst without increasing catalyst quantity or enhancing SO2 oxidation performance and constitutes an oxidation catalyst for metal mercury, which contains a molybdenum and vanadium complex oxide, for example, MoV2O8, as a main component having a catalytic activity and is formed by placing the molybdenum and vanadium complex oxide in layers only on the surface of a plate-like or honeycomb-like porous carrier. The porous carrier contains Ti and W and has a function of an NOx removal catalyst as a whole.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to high activity titanium oxide DeNOx catalysts. In preferred embodinents, by depositing vanadium oxide on a titania supported metal oxide such as tungsten oxide, an improved catalyst may be generated. This catalyst may be used in the treatment of exhaust from sources such as automobiles and industrial plants.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and filter for catalytic purification of exhaust gas from a diesel engine by passing the exhaust gas through a wall flow filter provided with material being catalytic active in the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxidation of carbonaceous compounds to carbon dioxide and water. The wall flow filter is prepared from silicon carbide and provided with a layer of titanium dioxide on its surface and wherein the catalytic active material comprises oxides of vanadium, tungsten and metallic palladium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for making metal oxide compositions, specifically, metal oxide compositions having high surface area, high metal/metal oxide content, and/or thermal stability with inexpensive and easy to handle materials. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to methods of making metal and/or metal oxide compositions, such as supported or unsupported catalysts. The method includes combining a metal precursor with an organic acid to form a mixture and calcining the mixture for a period of time sufficient to form a metal oxide material.

Abstract: A reagent suitable for use as a catalyst comprises a first metal species substrate having a second reduced metal species coated thereon, the second reduced metal species being less electropositive than the first metal. Methods of manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for use in catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane or isobutane in the gaseous phase, which comprises an oxide containing, in specific atomic ratios, molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb) and antimony (Sb), wherein the oxide catalyst has a reduction ratio of from 8 to 12% and a specific surface area of from 5 to 30 m2/g. Also disclosed is a process for efficiently producing this catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for the thermal treatment of the precursor material of a catalytically active material in a rotary tube furnace through which a gas stream flows, at least a proportion of the gas stream flowing through the rotary tube furnace is circulated, and the associated rotary tube furnace apparatus and tube-bundle reactors for the partial gas-phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid are loaded with catalysts whose catalytically active material is obtainable by the process for the thermal treatment.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the Fischer-Tropsch process, and a method to prepare the catalyst is disclosed. The catalyst of the present invention has a higher surface area, more uniform metal distribution, and smaller metal crystallite size than Fischer-Tropsch catalysts of the prior art.