Abstract: In a process for the preparation of catalytically active poly-metal oxide materials containing Mo and V, a catalyst intermediate is calcined at from 300.degree. to 450.degree. C. in a gas atmosphere which, in addition to inert gases and/or steam, consists of from 0.5 to 4% by volume of O.sub.2 and, averaged over the calcination time, from 1 to 8% by volume of NH.sub.3.

Abstract: There is provided a process for efficient production of a solid catalyst usable for synthesis of methacrylic acid from methacrolein which comprises adding a lower alcohol or acetone to a dried product obtained from a mixed solution or aqueous slurry containing at least Mo, P and V as catalyst components and shaping the mixture by extrusion molding.

Abstract: Naphtha is selectively hydrodesulfurized using selectively poisoned hydrotreating catalyst to remove sulfur while minimizing loss in octane level due to olefin saturation.

Abstract: The process of manufacturing a catalyst having the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwhere A is one or more of Ti, Sn, Fe, Cr, Ga, Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B and Mn,D is one or more of Li, Ag, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, (VO).sup.2+, (PW.sub.12 O.sub.40).sup.3- and (PMo.sub.12 O.sub.40).sup.3-m is from about 0.5 to 10a is 0.01 to 10d is 0.0001 to 2.0, preferably 0.0001 to 0.1;x=number of oxygen ions necessary to satisfy the valency requirementcomprising forming a catalyst precursor having the formula VSbmAaOx wherein m, A, a and x are defined above, adding at least one D element to the surface of said catalyst precursor and calcining the surface modified catalyst precursor to produce said catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of a nitrile from an alkane, which satisfies the following conditions 1 and 2:1 the catalyst is represented by the empirical formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b Te.sub.c X.sub.x O.sub.n (1)wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Bi, B and Ce,when a=1,b=0.01 to 1.0,c=0.01 to 1.0,x=0.01 to 1.0,and n is a number such that the total valency of the metal elements is satisfied; and2 the catalyst has X-ray diffraction peaks at the following angles of 2.theta. in its X-ray diffraction pattern:Diffractionangles of 2.theta. (.degree.)22.1.+-.0.328.2.+-.0.336.2.+-.0.345.2.+-.0.350.0.+-.0.3.

Abstract: Multimetal oxide compositions which comprise, as basic constituents, the elements Mo, V, W, Cu and Ni in oxidic form in certain molar ratios, and the preparation of these multimetal oxide compositions, and their use as catalysts for the gas-phase catalytical oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an attrition resistant vanadium-antimony oxide catalyst by adding to a vanadium-antimony oxide catalyst slurry a lithium compound which upon contact with the aqueous catalyst slurry provides hydroxide, such as lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate. The process comprises the steps of preparing a catalyst slurry comprising vanadium oxide and antimony oxide, adding the lithium compound to the catalyst slurry, concentrating the catalyst slurry to increase the solids content of the slurry, and drying the catalyst slurry to form attrition resistant particles of catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst useful for producing a nitrile by a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of an alkane with ammonia, which comprises drying a solution or slurry containing molybdenum, vanadium and tellurium by a spray drying method or a freeze-drying method and heat-treating the resulting dried product.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst used for producing methacrylic acids through gas phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen. The catalyst is represented by the formula:P.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c Ge.sub.d X.sub.e Y.sub.f Z.sub.g O.sub.hwherein P, Mo, V, Ge and O represent phosphorous, molybdenum, vanadium, germanium and oxygen, respectively; X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, zirconium, tellurium, silver and boron; Y represents at lest one element selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, zinc, chromium, magnesium, tantalum, manganese, barium, gallium, cerium and lanthanum; Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, and a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h represent the atomic ratios of the respective elements, and when b=12, then a=0.5-3, c=0.01-3, d=0.01-3, e=0-3, f=0-3, g=0.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas includes a first component having activity for reducing nitrogen oxides with ammonia and a second component having at least one of activity for forming nitrogen oxide from ammonia and activity for forming carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide. The first component is a composition containing an oxide of at least one member selected from titanium, vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum and the second component is a composition containing a salt of a noble metal selected from platinum, palladium and rhodium or any one of these noble metals supported on a porous material selected from zeolites, alumina and silica. The invention further provides a method for purifying an exhaust gas containing NOx, CO and leak NH.sub.3 using the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic converter for accelerating at least one reaction between at least two reactants of a gas mixture includes a catalyst carrier, and a catalytically active substance. The catalytically active substance has a varable chemical composition which is varied along a flow direction of a gas mixture, for suppressing undesired side reactions.

Abstract: A catalyst for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide using at least one reducing agent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing organic compound is described, which includes an oxide represented by formula (V):A.sup.5.sub.x B.sup.3.sub.3-x C.sup.4.sub.3 O.sub.7 (V)wherein A.sup.5 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd; B.sup.3 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, and Ag; C.sup.4 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, V, Mo, W, Ti, Zr, Nb, Pd, Rh, Ru, and Pt; and x is a number of from 0 to 1, supported on a solid acid carrier.

Abstract: Multimetal oxide compositions of the formula I[X.sup.1.sub.a X.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.x ].sub.p [X.sup.3.sub.c X.sup.4.sub.d X.sup.5.sub.e X.sup.6.sub.f X.sup.7.sub.g X.sup.2.sub.h O.sub.y ].sub.q(I)whereX.sup.1 is bismuth, tellurium, antimony, tin and/or copper,X.sup.2 is molybdenum and/or tungsten,X.sup.3 is an alkali metal, thallium and/or samarium,X.sup.4 is an alkaline earth metal, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc, tin, cadmium and/or mercury,X.sup.5 is iron, chromium, cerium and/or vanadium,X.sup.6 is phosphorus, arsenic, boron and/or antimony,X.sup.7 is a rare-earth metal, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, lead, thorium and/or uranium,a is from 0.01 to 8,b is from 0.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaner comprising a heat-resistant, porous filter, a porous ceramic layer formed on the filter, and a catalyst supported by the ceramic layer, the catalyst consisting essentially of:(a) at least one of alkali metal elements;(b) copper and vanadium; and(c) at least one of rare earth elements.By using this exhaust gas cleaner, particulate matter in the exhaust gas is oxidized by the catalyst supported by the filter, and nitrogen oxides are reduced by the particulate matter serving as a reducing agent.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrous oxide with ammonia contains, in addition to titanium oxide as component (A), at least one oxide of W, Si, B, Al, P, Zr, Ba, Y, La, Ce and at least one oxide of Y, Nb, Mo, Fe, Cu as component (B), whereby the atomic ratio between the elements of components (A) and (B) amounts to 1:0.001 up to 1. The catalyst can be obtained by kneading reactive titanium oxide with a high specific surface of predominantly anatase with the substances of component (B) or their preliminary stages, adding processing agents, winding up with a homogeneous kneaded mass, extruding the latter, drying the extrudate and calcining in air at 300.degree.-800.degree. C.

Abstract: A process of preparing a catalyst for removal of sulfur and nitrogen in hydro-processing of hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst composition is formed by depositing molybdenum or tungsten. A second metal is deposited on the support layer in a non-aqueous fashion. The second metal being vandium, niobium or tantalum in organic solvent soluble metal alkoxide form. A third metal of nickel or cobalt is deposited and calcined on the support layer.

Abstract: An arsenic-resistant composite oxide catalyst containing oxides of at least the metals vanadium and molybdenum, in particular for reducing nitrogen oxides in flue gases in the presence of a reducing agent, such as ammonia or carbon monoxide, includes at least one composite oxide phase with a general formula V.sub.x Mo.sub.y O.sub.32, where x+y.ltoreq.12 and where x.gtoreq.1 and y.gtoreq.1, and optionally a MoO.sub.3 phase. A method for producing an arsenic-resistant composite oxide catalyst includes mixing vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide or a precursor thereof with one another to form a mixture, heating the mixture to a temperature at which a mixture of oxides is present, preferably in completely molten form, then cooling down the mixture to form at least one composite oxide phase with a general formula V.sub.x Mo.sub.y O.sub.32, and then subjecting the composite oxide phase to a reducing treatment to prepare a lower-oxygen composite oxide phase with the same structure.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of ethylene and/or acetic acid by oxidation of ethane and/or ethylene with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising the elements A, X and Y in the combination with oxygen, the gram-atom ratios of the elements A:X:Y being a:b:c;wherein A=Mo.sub.d Re.sub.e W.sub.f ; X=Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V and/or W; Y=Bi, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Tl and/or U; a=1; b=0 to 2; c=0 to 2; d+e+f+a; d is either zero or greater than zero; e is greater than zero; and f is either zero or greater than zero.

Abstract: A monolithic, structured catalyst for the preparation of aldehydes. Alcohol is converted to a corresponding aldehyde by partial oxidation of the alcohol using the catalyst which includes an active catalytic material and a monolithic, inert carrier for the same. The active material includes oxides of molybdenum and oxides of chromium, vanadium, aluminum, iron, tungsten, manganese and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of a substituted benzaldehyde by catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of a substituted toluene, which catalyst has as a catalytically active substance being composed of an oxide represented by the general formula III:V.sub.a Mo.sub.b X.sub.c Y.sub.d O.sub.e (III)wherein V, Mo, and O are respectively for vanadium, molybdenum, and oxygen, X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and thallium, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, phosphorus, antimony, bismuth, tellurium, tin, lead, boron, copper, and silver, and a, b, c, d, and e indicate the atomic ratios of relevant elements such that where a+b=1, then b=0.05 to 0.4, c=0.1 to 1, d=0 to 1, and e=the value determined by the state of oxidation of other elements.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrous oxide with ammonia contains, in addition to titanium oxide as component (A), at least one oxide of W, Si, B, Al, P, Zr, Ba, Y, La, Ce and at least one oxide of V, Nb, Mo, Fe, Cu as component (B), whereby the atomic ratio between the elements of components (A) and (B) amounts to 1:0.001 up to 1. The catalyst can be obtained by kneading reactive titanium oxide with a high specific surface of predominantly anatase with the substances of component (B) or their preliminary stages, adding processing agents, winding up with a homogeneous kneaded mass, extruding the latter, drying the extrudate and calcining in air at 300.degree.-800.degree. C.

Abstract: Catalysts having the general formula:V.sub.1 Bi.sub.a Sb.sub.b Fe.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.c Z.sub.f O.sub.gwherein,X=Mo, Cu, W, Nb, Te, P, Sn, Ge, AsY=Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mn, CrZ=Alkali, alkaline earth, B, Tl and,a=0.1-10,b=0.01-20,c=0.01-5,d=0-5,e=o-3,f=0-1, and g is determined by the valance requirements of the elements present,are produced by first forming and calcining an iron-antimony oxide composition which is subsequently combined with compounds of vanadium, bismuth and other elements. The catalysts are useful in the formation of phthalonitriles from the reaction of xylenes with oxygen and ammonia at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Compositions of the formula IMO.sub.12 P.sub.a V.sub.b X.sup.1.sub.c X.sup.2.sub.d X.sup.3.sub.e Sb.sub.f Re.sub.g S.sub.h O.sub.n (I)whereX.sup.1 is potassium, rubidium and/or cesium,X.sup.2 is copper and/or silver,X.sup.3 is cerium, boron, zirconium, manganese and/or bismuth,a is from 0.5 to 3.0,b is from 0.01 to 3.0,c is from 0.2 to 3.0,d is from 0.01 to 2.0,e is from 0 to 2.0,f is from 0.01 to 2.0,g is from 0 to 1.0,h is from 0.001 to 0.5 andn is a number determined by the valency and content ofthe elements different from oxygen in I, are used as catalysts for preparing methacrylic acid by gas-phase oxidation of methacrolein.

Abstract: A process for producing a denitration catalyst suitable for catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases having a low dust content with ammonia is provided, which process comprises adding water to catalyst raw materials affording titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide and vanadium oxide at the time of calcination respective proportions thereof being in the range of Ti/Mo/V=97-65/3-20/0-15 atomic %, to make slurry, followed by coating the slurry onto a metal substrate and drying. Molybdenum oxide particles are coated on a titanium oxide particle at calcination, which makes the grindability of the catalyst particle easy and improve its adherence to the metal substrate.

Abstract: Carrier-supported catalyst on the basis of transition metals for the removal of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and/or organic compounds from exhaust gases, which can be produced by one of: combination a), combination b), combination c) where (a) comprises charging of a carrier with at least one metal complex compound with a plane or nearly plane conformation, and activation of the charged carrier with (i) a gas mixture which contains nitrogen oxide and/or oxygen, at temperatures between room temperature and 500.degree. C., or with (ii) a solution which contains nitric acid and/or an oxidation agent, or (b) comprises charging of a carrier with at least one transition metal oxide or transition metal carbonate, and treatment of the charged carrier with an oxidizing gas mixture, which contains free ligands capable of complex formation, at temperatures between room temperature and 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A composition which contains as essential components: crystalline iron antimonate and at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten; is useful as a catalyst in the oxidation reaction of organic compounds. Also, a process for producing the composition is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses two polyoxoanion supported metal complexes found to be useful in olefin hydrogenation. The complexes are novel compositions of matter which are soluble in organic solvents. In particular, the compositions of matter comprise A.sub.x [L.sub.n Ir.sup.(I) .multidot.X.sub.2 M.sub.15 M'.sub.3 O.sub.62 ].sup.x- and A.sub.y [L.sub.n Ir.sup.(I) .multidot.X.sub.2 M.sub.9 M'.sub.3 O.sub.40 ].sup.y- where L is a ligand preferably chosen from 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), ethylene, cyclooctene, norbornadiene and other olefinic ligands; n=1 or 2 depending upon the number of double bonds present in the ligand L; X is a "hetero" atom chosen from B, Si, Ge, P, As, Se, Te, I, Co, Mn and Cu; M is either W or Mo; M' is preferably Nb or V but Ti, Zr, Ta, Hf are also useful; and A is a countercation preferably selected from tetrabutyl ammonium and alkali metal ions.

Abstract: Novel catalysts that include a porous alumina support having a surface coating of at least one spinel compound thereon, e.g., a compound having the formula M.sup.1 Al.sub.2 O.sub.4, and a catalytically active phase deposited onto such coated support, e.g., a catalytically active metallic oxide, are well adopted for the catalytic ammonia reduction of NO.sub.x values contained in gaseous flowstreams thereof, which gaseous flowstreams typically also contain SO.sub.x values.

Abstract: In an arsenic resistant mixed oxide catalyst and a process for producing the same, oxides of at least the metals vanadium and molybdenum are provided, especially for reducing nitrogen oxides in flue gases in the presence of a reducing agent such as ammonia and carbon monoxide. A MoO.sub.3 phase and at least one oxygen-rich mixed oxide phase such as V.sub.9 Mo.sub.6 O.sub.40 is at least partly converted into a mixed oxide phase being poorer in oxygen such as a V.sub.9 Mo.sub.4 O.sub.25 phase, for increasing arsenic resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an activated antimony and vanadium-containing catalyst in oxide form having an atomic ratio of Sb:V in the range from 0.8-4, which comprises calcining such an oxidic vanadium and antimony-containing composition at a temperature of over 750.degree. C., and thereafter contacting said calcined catalyst with a hydroxy compound in liquid form selected from (1) cyclohexanol, (2) cyclopentanol, (3) a monohydroxy, acyclic hydrocarbon having 1-8 C atoms, and (4) a dihydroxy, acyclic hydrocarbon having 2-4 carbon atoms, and separating as a liquid said compound from said catalyst insofar as it is present beyond the amount wetting said catalyst, and thereafter drying said catalyst.

Abstract: Site-specific, framework substituted heteropolyacid or a polyoxoanion catalysts useful in alkane oxidation processes.

Abstract: A process for the removal of sulfur dioxide from gasses produced by processes resulting in off gases at elevated temperatures as in the combustion of sulfur containing fuels such as coal and fuel oil by contacting the gasses with a composition including a source of calcium, and a catalytically effective amount of a molybdenum containing catalyst for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide which then reacts with the calcium compound to form calcium sulfate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated monoitrile by the catalytic reaction of a paraffin containing 3-5 carbon atoms with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the foregoing reactants in a reaction zone with a metal oxide catalyst containing the elements indicated by the empirical formula,V.sub.v A.sub.a D.sub.d Sn.sub.m Sb.sub.n Cu.sub.c O.sub.x (formula 1)in the relative atomic proportions indicated by the subscripts, whereA is selected from Te and BiD is one or more optional elements selected from Mo, W, Ti, Ge, Ce, La, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Fe, Nb, Ta, Ag, Zn, Cd, B, P, Na, K and Cs, anda is 0.001 to 30d is zero to 30c is 0.001 to 30m is 0.1 to 60n is 0.1 to 60n/v is>12 and<100m+n is.gtoreq.v+a+c+d, andx is determined by the valence requirements of the elements present, andwherein the reactants fed to the reaction zone contain a mole ratio of said paraffin:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of said paraffin:O.sub.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel solid solutions involving Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 and the method for their preparation. The solid compositions involving Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 fall within the shaded area of a polygon in a ternary composition diagram of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 as shown in the drawing herein e.g., FIG. 1. The composition may be used as an oxidation catalyst or in the manufacture of high temperature refractories.

Abstract: Metal oxide catalysts having one or more metal oxides covalently or non-covalently bound to or entrapped on a solid phase support wherein the metal oxide catalyst is prepared by evaporation and cocondensation in a suitable organic solvent are disclosed. Metal oxide catalysts are prepared by evaporation and cocondensation in a suitable organic solvent and dispersed on a solid support as a highly dispersed thin surface film. A process for the preparation of metal oxide catalysts prepared by evaporation and cocondensation is also disclosed. A process for the preparation of metal oxide catalysts prepared by evaporation and cocondensation of metal oxides in a suitable organic solvent and dispersed on a solid support as a high dispersed thin surface film is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel catalysts that include a porous alumina support having a surface coating of at least one spinel compound thereon, e.g., a compound having the formula M.sup.1 Al.sub.2 O.sub.4, and a catalytically active phase deposited onto such coated support, e.g., a catalytically active metallic oxide, are well adopted for the catalytic ammonia reduction of NO.sub.X values contained in gaseous flowstreams thereof, which gaseous flowstreams typically also contain SO.sub.X values.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel solid solutions involving V.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 and the method for their preparation. The compositions involving V.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 fall within the shaded area of a polygon in a ternary composition diagram of V.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 as shown in the drawing herein e.g., FIG. 1. These materials may be used as an oxidation catalyst or in the manufacture of high temperature refractories.

Abstract: Metal oxide powders comprised of Cr(III) oxide, Ti(IV) oxide, V(V) oxide, or mixtures of these, or metal mixed oxides comprised of Cr(III) oxide and Ti(IV) oxide and V(V) oxide, or their mixtures. They have BET surfaces of 5-50 m.sup.2 /g and mean particle diameters of 25-350 nm and are useful to increase conversion and selectivity in the manufacture of mono-olefins by catalytic dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons. The metal oxide powders are produced from mixtures of the vaporized metal compounds chromyl chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and vanadyl chloride, in the presence of certain gases by laser pyrolysis.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an inert support that carries on it vanadium oxide, sodium oxide and molybdenum oxide in predetermined amounts, at least one additional component in a predetermined amount which is selected from among chromium oxide, manganese oxide, niobium oxide and titanium oxide is capable of producing pyromellitic dianhydride in high yield from inexpensive durene over a broad optimal temperature range while suppressing the generation of heat in the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Aliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g., adipic acid, are prepared by oxidizing a monocyclic ketone with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a vanadium compound having one of following formulae (I) and (II):H.sub.3+n [PM.sub.12-n V.sub.n O.sub.40 ].multidot.y H.sub.2 O (I)VO(Y).sub.m (II)in which n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 6; M is a molybdenum or tungsten atom; y is an integer ranging from zero to less than 50; Y is an acetylacetonate group or an alkoxy radical containing from 1 to 10 atoms; and m is 2 or 3.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the production of acrylic acid by catalytic gas phase oxidation of acrolein, comprising active substances represented by general formulaMo.sub.(a) V.sub.(b) A.sub.(c) B.sub.(d) C.sub.(e) D.sub.(f) O.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkane:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particulate catalyst compositions, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated nitrile. Catalyst compositions useful in the process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is the reaction of propane and isobutane with O.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 to make .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitriles and olefins, using certain complex metal oxide catalyst compositions and an excess of the paraffin over both the O.sub.2 and the NH.sub.3. Also disclosed are suitable catalyst compositions for such reactions.

Abstract: The additional of redox-active metal components and ligands, alternatively or simultaneously, results in increased conversion and selectivity in the palladium-catalyzed oxidation of olefins to carbonyl products in the presence of polyoxoanions. In preferred modes, heteropolyoxoanions and Isopolyoxoanions containing tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium, individually or in combination, are described. The use of copper as the redox-active metal component shows reduced allylic reactivity. The elimination of chloride from the catalyst system provides substantial engineering advantages over the prior art, particularly, the reduction of corrosion and chloro-organic by-product formation. The use of redox-active metal components and/or ligands makes the palladium-polyoxoanion catalyst system industrially practicable.

Abstract: Disclosed is ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkane:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particulate catalyst compositions, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated mononitrile. Catalyst compositions useful in the process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkano:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particulate catalyst composition, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated nitrile. Catalytic compositions useful in the process are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkane:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particulate catalyst compositions, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated mononotrile. Catalyst compositions useful in the process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkane:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particular catalyst compositions, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated mononitrile. Catalyst compositions useful in the process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a molybdenum-tungsten-containing complex represented by the formulaMo.sub.a W.sub.b M.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.

Abstract: Ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkane:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particulate catalyst compositions, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated nitrile. Catalytic compositions useful in the process are disclosed.