Abstract: A sorbent composition is provided which can be used in the desulfurization of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid such as cracked gasoline or diesel fuel. The sorbent composition contains a support component and a promoter component with the promoter component being present as a skin on the support component. Such sorbent composition is prepared by a process of impregnating a support component with a promoter component, wherein the promoter component has been melted under a melting condition, followed by drying, calcining, and reducing to thereby provide the sorbent composition.

Abstract: A material composed of ultrafine particles, comprising at least a metal element M having catalytic properties and at least a metal element M′ having a standard oxidation potential less than that of M, part at least of M′ atoms being in oxidized form, the average size of the particles being less than 50 nm, at least 80% in number of the particles having an average size less than 10 nm. One particle of the material is constituted by at least a metal element M with oxidation level 0, or by at least a metal element M′ in oxidized form, or by at least a metal element M′ with oxidation level 0, or by the combination of at least two species selected from the three previous species. The material is useful as a catalyst for hydrogenation or coupling reactions.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a dehydrogenation catalyst composite containing alumina, chromium oxide, lithium oxide, and sodium oxide. The invention also relates to methods of making the dehydrogenation catalyst composite. Another aspect of the invention relates to method of dehydrogenating a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon involving contacting the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon with a dehydrogenation catalyst composite containing alumina, chromium oxide, lithium oxide, and sodium oxide to provide a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, such as an olefin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that is capable of substantially reducing the degree of deterioration in an exhaust gas purifying capability, which results from dissipation of an absorbent agent. Accordingly, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, which includes a carrier and a catalyst layer, and to which at least one material selected from a group of alkali metals and alkali earth metals is added as an absorbent agent, is characterized in that acid material with a high affinity with respect to the absorbent agent is mixed in the catalyst layer so as to fix the absorbent agent, and an inhibiting layer is formed between the catalyst layer and the carrier so as to inhibit the movement of the absorbent agent toward the carrier.

Abstract: A modified carrier carrying on at least a part of an inert carrier surface an oxide which is represented by the formula (1): XaYbZcOd (wherein X is at least an element selected from alkaline earth metals; Y is at least an element selected from Si, Al, Ti and Zr; Z is at least an element selected from Group IA elements and Group IIIb elements of the periodic table, B, Fe, Bi, Co, Ni and Mn; and O is oxygen; a, b, c and d denote the atomic ratios of X, Y, Z and O, respectively, where a=1, 0<b≦100, 0≦c≦10, and d is a numerical value determined by the extents of oxidation of the other elements) is provided. A catalyst formed with the use of this modified carrier carrying a complex oxide containing Mo and V is useful as a vapor phase catalytic oxidation catalyst, and is particularly suitable as a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid through vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein.

Abstract: A method of coating a catalyst to a support for use in acrolein oxidation reaction. Metallic salt components of the catalyst including molybdate, vanadate and tungstate are dissolved in a liquid to form a suspension of particles of the catalyst. The precipitation of the catalyst particles is controlled by homogenizing the catalyst particles suspended in the liquid. The phase separation between the catalyst particles and the liquid can be substantially slowed down by the homogenization. Then the catalyst is coated on an inert support by applying the suspension of the catalyst particles to the support. In the suspension, the total weight of water is about 0.8 to about 5 times of the total weight of the metallic salts in the catalyst. This method of preparing suspension minimizes the amount of the liquid required to dissolve the metallic salts, which reduces the amount of time and energy to be used in evaporating the liquid from the suspension.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the production of unsaturated aldehydes by the oxidation of the corresponding olefins, and methods of making and using such catalyst compositions. The catalysts of the present invention include compositions of the formula: MoaPdbBicFedX1eX2fX3gOz, wherein X1 is an element selected from Co, Ni, V, Pt, Rh, or mixtures thereof; X2 is an element selected from Al, Ga, Ge, Mn, Nb, Zn, Ag, P, Si, W, or mixtures thereof; X3 is an element selected from K, Mg, Rb, Ca, Sr, Ba, Na, In, or mixtures thereof; a is 1; b is 0<b<0.3; c is 0<c<0.9; d is 0<d<0.9; e is 0<e<0.9; f is 0<f<0.9; g is 0<g<0.3; and z is an integer representing the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valency of Mo, Pd, Bi, Fe, X1, X2, and X3 in the catalyst composition. Using the methods of the present invention, one may effectively oxidize the desired starting materials at relatively high levels of conversion, selectivity, and productivity, and with minimal side products.

Abstract: A molybdenum-based precipitate is prepared according to a process including the first step of forming a crude precipitate by pH adjustment to 6.5 or less in the presence of an alkali metal compound, and the second step of dissolving the crude precipitate in aqueous ammonia and forming a precipitate by pH adjustment to 6.5 or less. Then, the resulting molybdenum-based precipitate is washed with an acid aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 or less and containing not less than 0.01 mole/L of ammonium root. Thus, a change in average particle diameter can be suppressed and good workability can be achieved, so that a molybdenum-based precipitate having a high purity and a desired average particle diameter can be obtained.

Abstract: Novel sorbent systems for the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are provided which are comprised of a bimetallic promotor on a particulate support such as that formed of zinc oxide and an inorganic or organic carrier. Such bimetallic promotors are formed of at least two metals of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony and vanadium with the valence of same being reduced, preferably to zero. Processes for the production of such sorbents are provided wherein the sorbent is prepared from impregnated particulate supports or admixed to the support composite prior to particulation, drying, and calcination. Further disclosed is the use of such novel sorbents in the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels whereby there is achieved not only removal of sulfur but also an increase in the olefin retention in the desulfurized product.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide emissions are reduced in manufacturing processes, including titanium tetrachloride production processes. Gas contaminated with CO and COS, and an oxygen-containing gas, is contacted with a suitable catalyst. The catalyst may be a metal oxide catalyst containing bismuth, cobalt and nickel, such as metal oxides containing oxides of the formula, (BiaCobNic)yMo1−yOz, where a, b and c are from 0 to 1, y is from 0.01 to 0.75 and z is from 1.125 to 4.875; a xerogel or aerogel catalyst containing Au, Rh, Ru and Co in aluminum oxide/oxyhydroxide matrices, such as those of the formula [(Au1−(w+d)RhwRud)eCofAlO1.5−u(OH)2u]1−(e+f), where w and d are from 0 to 1, e is from 0.001 to 0.2, f is from 0 to 0.2 and u is from 0 to 1.5; or a supported metal catalyst that contains at least one metal from the group Pd, Rh, Ru and Cu. In the latter case, the catalyst support contains alumina or carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst which can be used in a process involving a conversion reaction for organic compounds, containing at least one support and at least one metal, and characterized in that it has particles of an average size greater than approximately 1 nm, and more than 80% of particles, the size of which is comprised in the range D±(D.0.2) where D represents the average size of the particles. It also relates to the process for preparing this catalyst which consists of preparing a colloidal suspension, in aqueous phase, of the metal oxide or metals to be supported, then depositing this suspension on a support, and optionally reducing the oxide thus supported.

Abstract: Provided herein are catalysts useful in reductive amination, which include nickel, copper, zirconium and/or chromium, oxygen, and tin. The presence of the tin increases the selectivity of the catalyst in reductive aminations over the catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst for manufacturing a carboxylic ester, which has superior catalytic activity. The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a carboxylic ester, used in a) a reaction for preparing a carboxylic ester by reacting oxygen, an aldehyde, and an alcohol, or b) a reaction for manufacturing a carboxylic ester by reacting oxygen and one or more types of alcohol, comprising a carrier and 1) ultrafine gold particles and/or 2) ultrafine metal particles containing gold and a second element other than gold, having an average particle diameter of not more than 6 nm, are supported on the carrier.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, an acid material with a high affinity with respect to an absorbing agent is dispersed and mixed in a catalyst layer, to which the absorbing agent is added, or a layer of the acid material is formed inside the catalyst layer in order to prevent the absorbing agent from moving from the catalyst layer into the carrier. This reduces the permeation of the absorbing agent added to the catalyst layer into a carrier, the evaporation and splash of the absorbing agent from the catalyst, and the deterioration in the durability and the exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an oxide catalyst for use in producing (meth)acrylonitrile from propane or isobutane by ammoxidation in the gaseous phase, the oxide catalyst comprising a compound oxide containing Mo, V and Sb as essential component elements, which process comprises subjecting a solution or slurry, in water and/or an alcohol, of a raw-material mixture comprising a Mo compound, a V compound and an Sb compound as essential raw materials to a specific oxidation treatment using an oxidizing gas and/or an oxidizing liquid before subjecting the solution or slurry to drying and subsequent calcination. Further, also disclosed is a process for producing a base-treated oxide catalyst by treating the above-mentioned oxide catalyst with an aqueous basic solution.

Abstract: A material especially useful for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds includes a non-crystalline, porous inorganic oxide having at least 97 volume percent mesopores based on micropores and mesopores, and at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of one or more transition metal and one or more noble metal.

Abstract: A solid supported catalyst suitable for the vapor phase carbonylation of lower aliphatic alcohols, ethers, ester, and ester-alcohol mixtures, and desirably, methanol, to produce carboxylic acid, esters and mixtures thereof. The solid supported catalyst includes an effective amount of gold associated with a solid support material in the presence of a halide promoter. Desirably, the support material is selected from carbon, activated carbon, pumice, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, magnesia, diatomaceous earth, bauxite, titania, zirconia, clay, magnesium silicate, silicon carbide, zeolites, ceramics and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst composition represented by the following empirical formula which is useful in production of unsaturated nitrites by ammoxidation: Mo10BiaFebSbcNidCreFfGgHhKkXxYyOi(SiO2)j wherein F represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, lanthanum and cerium, G represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, cobalt, manganese and zinc, H represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten, x represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, boron, and tellurium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, rubidium and cesium, the suffixes a-k, x and y represent a ratio of atoms or atomic groups, and a=0.1-3, b=0.3-15, c=0-20, d=3-8, e=0.2-2, f=0.05-1, e/f>1, g=0-5, h=0-3, k=0.

Abstract: A chromium catalyst is disclosed for use in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: A process for preparing a metal oxide catalyst for acrylic acid production which comprises calcining a metal compound mixture at 400° C. or higher to prepare a metal oxide powder comprising Mo, V, Sb, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb and Ta, and supporting a compound comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sb, Tl, Se, As, Pb, Sn, Ag, Cu, Ru, and Rh on the metal oxide powder, and a process for producing acrylic acid by gas phase oxidation of propane using the catalyst.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline metal oxide compositions have been synthesized. These compositions are described by the empirical formula: AnTaMxM′yM″mOp where A is an alkali metal cation, ammonium ion and mixtures thereof, M is tungsten, molybdenum, or mixtures thereof. M′ is vanadium, antimony, tellurium, niobium and mixtures thereof, and M″ is titanium, tin, indium and gallium, aluminum, bismuth and mixtures thereof. M′ and M″ are optional metals. These compositions are characterized by having an x-ray diffraction pattern having at least one peak at a d spacing of about 3.9 Å. These materials can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes such as dehydrogenation.

Abstract: Complex oxide catalysts represented by the formula,

Abstract: Provided herein are supported catalysts and processes useful in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. Catalysts made according to the invention possess a unique pore size distribution which provides a favorable balance of selectivity, activity, and thermal stability. In a preferred form of the invention, catalysts made in accordance of the invention are regenerable. Detergent range paraffins may be converted to monoolefins using a catalyst and process provided by the invention.

Abstract: An exhaust gas catalyst system, comprising: a substrate; and a nitrogen oxides adsorber deposited on said substrate, the nitrogen oxides adsorber comprising: a porous support; and a material loaded on said porous support comprising: a NO oxidation catalyst, at least one alkali material, and at least one alkali metal barrier.

Abstract: Hydrorefining catalyst contains 0.1 to 25 wt % in total of at least one hydrogenation active metal element selected from elements of Group 6, Group 8, Group 9, and Group 10 of the Periodic Table, and 0.1 to 3 wt % potassium on a carrier formed of porous inorganic oxide. The concentration distribution of the hydrogenation active metal element is higher in the central part than in the peripheral part of the catalyst, and the concentration distribution of potassium is higher in the peripheral part than in the central part of the catalyst. The pores on the outside surface of the catalyst are not plugged by the metal content of hetero compounds and hetero compounds can be efficiently diffused to inside the catalyst. As a result, long-term retention of a state of high activity is possible.

Abstract: The multimetal oxide materials essentially consisting of Mo12BiaX1bFecX2dX3eOy  (I) where: X1 is Co and/or Ni, X2 is Si and/or Al, X3 is an alkali metal, 0.3≦a≦1, 2≦b≦10, 0.5≦c≦10, 0≦d≦10, 0≦e≦0.5 and y is the absolute value of the number which, assuming charge neutrality, is obtained from the sum of the valences and the stoichiometric coefficients of the other elements, the crystalline fractions containing, in addition to &bgr;-X1MoO4 as the main component, Fe2(MoO4)3 as a secondary component and no MoO3.

Abstract: Complex oxide catalysts represented by the formula, MoaWbBicFedAeBfCgDhEiOx (in which A is Ni or Co; B is Na, K, Rb, Cs or Tl; C is an alkaline earth metal; D is P, Te, Sb, Sn, Ce, Pb, Nb, Mn, As, B or Zn; E is Si, Al, Ti or Zr; and where a is 12, 0≦b≦10, 0<c≦10, 0<d≦10, 2≦e≦15, 0<f≦10, 0≦g≦10, 0≦h≦4 and 0≦i≦30) are provided. The catalysts are characterized in that the molar ratio of the total nitrate anions to the molybdenum at the time of catalyst preparation is more than 1 but not more than 1.8. When used in the reaction for producing (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid by vapor-phase oxidation of at least a compound selected from propylene, isobutylene, t-butanol and methyl-t-butyl ether, the catalysts exhibit excellent activity and selectivity and maintain stable performance over prolonged period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst which can be used in a process involving a conversion reaction for organic compounds, containing at least one support and at least one metal, and characterized in that it has particles of an average size greater than approximately 1 nm, and more than 80% of particles, the size of which is comprised in the range D±(D.0.2) where D represents the average size of the particles. It also relates to the process for preparing this catalyst which consists of preparing a colloidal suspension, in aqueous phase, of the metal oxide or metals to be supported, then depositing this suspension on a support, and optionally reducing the oxide thus supported.

Abstract: A catalyst for selective hydrogenation, which comprises, on the basis of the total weight of catalyst, 1-30 wt % of copper as the first active component, 0.001-5 wt % of palladium as the second active component, 0.001-6 wt % of at least one metal selected from Ag, Pt, Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Bi, Zr and Mo as cocatalyst, and the balance of at least one support selected from alumina, silica or titania. The present invention further relates to its preparation, its use in removal of alkynes from alkyne-enriched C4 cuts through selective hydrogenation and its regeneration.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust gas purifying catalyst formed as a single catalyst that has a great deal of flexibility when being assembled into an exhaust system and that is capable of executing both an NOx absorbing function and a three-way function in a desired manner. To attain the this object, an absorbent catalyst layer to which an absorbent agent such as potassium and an acid material such as zeolite are added, an absorbent agent block layer formed of zeolite, and a three-way catalyst layer to which an acid material such as phosphorus is added are bonded together on a cordierite carrier. The acid material in the absorbent catalyst layer and the absorbent agent block layer inhibit the movement of the absorbent agent to the three-way catalyst layer, and transform the absorbent agent into harmless and stable potassium phosphate even if the absorbent agent reaches the three-way catalyst.

Abstract: Processes for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons to carbon monoxide and hydrogen employing new chromium-based catalysts are disclosed. One highly active and selective catalyst system, providing greater than 95% CH4 conversion, and 97-98 % selectivity to CO and H2, is a chromium-containing catalyst consisting of a CoCr2O4 cubic spinel precursor dispersed in a chromium oxide matrix. Some other preferred catalysts compositions comprise nickel-chromium containing and rare earth-chromium containing compounds.

Abstract: Improved catalyst for use in production of methacrylic acid by vapor phase oxidation reaction and/or vapor phase oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of at least one compound selected from methacrolein, isobutylaldehyde and isobutyric acid is provided. This improved catalyst is a composition composed of (A) complex oxide containing as essential components molybdenum and phosphorus, which is per se known as a catalyst for the above reaction(s), and (B) complex oxide containing as essential components cerium and zirconium. When this improved catalyst is used, the operation for producing methacrylic acid can be stably continued over prolonged period.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and its use for the oxidation of ethane to ethylene and/or acetic acid and/or for the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid which comprises in combination with oxygen the elements molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and gold in the absence of palladium according to the empirical formula: MOaWbAucVdNbeYf (I) wherein Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Ta, Ti, B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Tl, U, Re, Te, La and Pd; a, b, c, d, e and f represent the gram atom ratios of the elements such that: 0<a≦1; 0≦b<1 and a+b=1; 10−5<c≦0.02; 0<d<2; 0<e≦1; and 0≦f≦2.

Abstract: The method of the present invention involves the in situ formation of metal-molybdate catalyst particles active for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, with iron as an example, the catalyst is made by mixing particulate forms of Fe2O3 and MoO3 which form an active Fe2(MoO4)3/MoO3 component inside the reactor during methanol oxidation.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the production of vinyl acetate which comprises (1) a catalyst support, (2) palladium, (3) an acid, (4) at least one acetic acid catalyst promoter and (5) at least one vinyl acetate promoter and/or co-promoter. A process for the production of vinyl acetate from ethylene and an oxygen-containing gas using the catalyst.

Abstract: A chromium catalyst is disclosed for use in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: In a catalyst process involving a conversion reaction for organic compounds, e.g. hydrogenations, the catalyst contains at least one support and at least one metal, and is characterized in that it has particles of an average size greater than approximately 1 nm, and more than 80% of particles, the size of which is comprised in the range D±(D.0.2) where D represents the average size of the particles. The catalyst is prepared in a colloidal suspension, in aqueous phase, of the metal oxide or metals to be supported, then depositing this suspension on a support, and optionally reducing the oxide thus supported.

Abstract: A metal oxide catalyst which can produce acrylic acid by a vapor phase catalytic oxidation of propane in high yield and has excellent abrasion resistance is disclosed. The metal oxide catalyst comprises Mo, V, Sb, A (A represents Nb or Ta) and optionally other metals, and is prepared through the following steps (1) and (2): (1) Step of reacting V+5 and Sb+3 at a temperature of 70° C. or higher in the presence of Mo+6 in an aqueous medium, and bubbling an oxygen-containing gas into the reaction solution during or after the reaction; and (2) Step of adding to the reaction product obtained in step (1) a solution containing a compound comprising A and an aqueous solution of nitric acid or ammonium nitrate, uniformly stirring these components, and then calcining the resulting mixture.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides are removed from an exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and oxygen in a proportion larger than its stoichiometric proportion relative to unburned components in the exhaust gas, by (i) disposing an exhaust gas cleaner in a flow path, the exhaust gas cleaner comprising a first catalyst composed of 0.2-20 parts by weight (on a metal basis) of silver or silver oxide supported on a porous inorganic oxide, and a second catalyst composed of 1-50 parts by weight (on an oxide basis) of tungsten and/or vanadium supported on a porous inorganic oxide; (ii) introducing oxygen-containing organic compounds having 2 or more carbon atoms or a fuel containing the oxygen-containing organic compounds into the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the exhaust gas cleaner; and (iii) bringing the exhaust gas into contact with the exhaust gas cleaner at a temperature of 150-650° C., thereby causing a reaction of the nitrogen oxides with the oxygen-containing organic compounds to remove the nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A process for producing positive electrode active material includes feeding an aqueous nickel salt solution, aqueous solutions of different kinds of metals, aqueous solution containing ammonium ions and aqueous alkali solution each independently and simultaneously into a reaction vessel such that the amount of alkali metal is 1.9-2.3 moles relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals and the amount of ammonium ions is 2 moles or more relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals, the pH in the vessel is 11-13, the temperature in the vessel is 30-60° C. and the average residence time is 20-50 hours.

Abstract: Novel sorbent systems for the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline are provided which are comprised of a bimetallic promotor on a particulate support such as that formed of zinc oxide and an inorganic or organic carrier. Such bimetallic promoters are formed of at least two metals of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony and vanadium with the valence of same being reduced, preferably to zero. Processes for the production of such sorbents are provided wherein the sorbent is prepared from impregnated particulate supports or admixed to the support composite prior to particulation, drying, and calcination. Further disclosed is the use of such novel sorbents in the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline whereby there is achieved not only removal of sulfur but also an increase in the olefin retention in the desulfurized product. Such sorbents can also be utilized for the treatment of other sulfur-containing streams such as diesel fuels.

Abstract: In a process for preparing spinel extrudates by extruding molding compositions comprising spinel powder with or without extrusion assistants, stabilizers, shrinkage reducers, pore-formers or mixtures thereof subsequent drying and calcination of the extrudates, the molding composition further comprises aluminum oxides or aluminum oxide hydrates and metal nitrates.

Abstract: A carbon supported solid catalyst suitable for the vapor phase carbonylation of lower aliphatic alcohols, ethers, ester, and ester-alcohol mixtures, and desirably, methanol, to produce carboxylic acid, esters and mixtures thereof. The solid supported catalyst includes an effective amount of iridium and gold associated with a solid carbon support, and a halogen promoter.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline metal oxide compositions have been synthesized. These compositions are described by the empirical formula: AnNbMxM′yM″mOp where A is an alkali metal cation, ammonium ion and mixtures thereof, M is tungsten, molybdenum, or mixtures thereof. M′ is vanadium, tantalum and mixtures thereof, and M″ is antimony, tellurium and mixtures thereof. M′ and M″ are optional metals. These compositions are characterized by having an x-ray diffraction pattern having at least one peak at a d spacing of about 3.9 Å. A hydrothermal synthesis procedure as well as processes using the composition, e.g., ammoxidation of propane, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An ammoxidation catalyst comprising a compound oxide of Mo, V, Nb, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Te and Sb, wherein the compound catalyst exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern satisfying the following relationship:0.40.ltoreq.R.ltoreq.0.75wherein R represents the intensity ratio defined by the following formula:R=P.sub.1 /(P.sub.1 +P.sub.2)wherein P.sub.1 and P.sub.2 represent the intensities of peak 1 and peak 2 appearing at diffraction angles (2.theta.) of 27.3.+-.0.3.degree. and 28.2.+-.0.3.degree., respectively.By the use of the ammoxidation catalyst of the present invention, not only can acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile be produced in high yield, but also oxidative decomposition of ammonia feedstock into nitrogen can be effectively suppressed, thereby enabling an improved utilization of ammonia as a feedstock.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides are removed from an exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and oxygen in a proportion larger than its stoichiometric proportion relative to unburned components in the exhaust gas, by (i) disposing an exhaust gas cleaner in a flow path, the exhaust gas cleaner comprising a first catalyst composed of 0.2-20 parts by weight (on a metal basis) of silver or silver oxide supported on a porous inorganic oxide, and a second catalyst composed of 1-50 parts by weight of tungsten and/or vanadium supported on a porous inorganic oxide; (ii) introducing oxygen-containing organic compounds having 2 or more carbon atoms or a fuel containing the oxygen-containing organic compounds into the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the exhaust gas cleaner; and (iii) bringing the exhaust gas into contact with the exhaust gas cleaner at a temperature of 150-650.degree. C., thereby causing a reaction of the nitrogen oxides with the oxygen-containing organic compounds to remove the nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: The method for the reagentless removal of nitrogen oxides from oxygen rich exhaust streams which includes impinging the exhaust gases upon a catalyst which includes a Lewis base metal cation, bismuth oxide and a mixture of transition metal cations.

Abstract: An aqueous sodium carbonate solution is added in an equivalent amount to an aqueous silver nitrate solution (Ag=100 g/L) under stirring and, with nitric acid and sodium hydroxide being added to adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5, a silver carbonate precipitate is formed and subsequently washed thoroughly and dried at 250.degree. C. or below to produce a silver oxide powder, which satisfactory characteristics for use in cells, as exemplified by high water absorption, good shape of granules, high strength, non-stickiness to the molding punch, high fluidity and low residual carbon content. The pellet of the powder has high cell capacity.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for the production of unsaturated nitriles from their corresponding olefins, the catalyst composition having the atomic ratios described by the empirical formula Bi.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c Sb.sub.d Nb.sub.e Ag.sub.f A.sub.g B.sub.h O.sub.x and methods of using the same.

Abstract: A high-activity hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst comprising an impregnated and calcined substrate with a catalyst mixture. The catalyst mixture comprises a hydrogen peroxide catalytically active compound containing a transition metal cation mixed with an alkaline promoter. A process for forming a high-activity hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst and a product of high-activity hydrogen peroxide decomposition are disclosed.