Abstract: A copper chromite hydrogenation catalyst of enhanced activity is obtained by an ante-pre-reduction treatment in which a copper chromite catalyst precursor is soaked in a reducing atmosphere at temperatures below a pre-reduction temperature (typically about 140.degree. C.) at which appreciable pre-reduction of the catalyst can be detected. This catalyst is characterized by particles of reduced copper substantially all of which have an average particle size of less than about 300.times.10.sup.-10 m (300.ANG.), which have an average particle size of less than about 100.times.10.sup.-10 m (100.ANG.), and which are substantially uniformly distributed on a chromium-containing support. Typically such catalysts exhibit a copper surface area of about 18.5 m.sup.2 /g as determined by N.sub.2 O decomposition at 20.degree. C., compared to a corresponding copper surface area of 4.5 m.sup.2 /g for a catalyst which has been produced by conventional pre-reduction of the same catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Oxidation catalysts of the general formulaMo.sub.12 P.sub.a W.sub.b Sb.sub.c As.sub.d Cu.sub.e X.sub.f O.sub.xwhereX is Nb, Fe, Mn, Sn and/or Cr,a is 0.1-3,b is 0.1-4,c is <0-2,d is 0-1,e is 0-1,d+e is <0-2,f is 0-1.5,e+f is 0-2 andx is the number of oxygen atoms formally required to saturate the valencies of the other catalyst components,may be used particularly advantageously for the preparation of methacrylic acid by gas phase oxidation of methacrolein.

Abstract: A process for producing shaped, agglomerated, particulate solids, by combining finely divided solids with a polymeric binder solution and curing the combination with polyvalent metal cations; and the products of such process.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are produced in high yield by contacting alcohols, water and hydrogen with a Cu-Zn-Cr-base promoter/alumina catalyst.

Abstract: A process for methanol which comprises cracking 100 moles of methanol in admixture with 1 to 99 moles of water, thereby obtaining a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is described. The process is preferably carried out using a catalyst which consists of a carrier comprising copper and chromium oxides with or without manganese oxide and/or barium oxide and a catalytic component of nickel oxide or a mixture of nickel oxide and a basic oxide.

Abstract: An alcohol such as methanol is decomposed to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature in the presence of mixed metal oxide catalyst containing copper and a metal L selected from the group consisting of Th, Be, Zr, Ce, Mg and U.The catalyst can contain a further metal M selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mo, Mn, Pt, Ce, Cr, Zn, Al, Ti, La, V, U, Ru, Re and Pd.The catalysts are particularly effective at relatively low temperatures for example 200.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the preparation of alcohols from synthesis gas and containing at leat three metal or metal oxide components are prepared by partially oxidizing an intermetallic compound or alloy with a metal oxidizing agent whereby the agent is incorporated into the catalyst.

Abstract: An alcohol mixture suitable for combining with gasoline is produced by contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure with an oxide complex catalyst containing copper, thorium, an alkali metal and at least one other specific element.

Abstract: An extruded copper chromite-alumina catalyst is prepared by blending together from 40-82% by weight of copper chromite and 18-60% of an extrudable alumina, typically having a pseudoboehmite or .alpha. hydroxy boehmite structure. The extruded catalyst after calcining is useful for the liquid and vapor phase hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of various carbonyl compounds and the functional side groups of aromatic compounds.The extruded catalyst is characterized as having a surface area of between 20 and 225 square meters per gram and a packed apparent bulk density of between about 0.70 and about 1.20 g/cc.

Abstract: A catalyst composition containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal uranate suitable for the conversion of mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen has the formulaCu.sub.a U M.sub.b A.sub.c O.sub.xwhere M is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Th, Pd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Ce, V, Ru, Rh, Al, Re, Os, Pt, Ir, Ag, Ti, La and Zr, A is an alkaline or alkali earth metal anda is from 0.01 to 5.0;b is from 0 to 5.0 with the proviso that when M is Th the value of b is less than 1;c is a number up to 5.0 selected so that the catalyst composition contains more than 2 percent by weight of Metal A;x is a number such that the valence requirements of the other elements for oxygen are satisfied.The catalyst composition can be used to prepare an alcohol composition containing at least 30 percent by weight of methanol, the remainder of said composition comprising higher alcohols, the distribution of which on a methanol-free basis isC.sub.2 -10 to 90 weight percentC.sub.3 -15 to 60 weight percentC.sub.

Abstract: A process is provided for the upgrading of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons, particularly olefins and carboxylic acids by contacting synthesis gas with catalysts comprising the mixed oxides of ruthenium, copper, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, and optionally a metal selected from Ce, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Th, Zn or mixtures thereof. The synthesis gas upgrading product may be contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst to provide alkanes, alcohols and esters, useful for fuels.

Abstract: Supported hydroprocessing catalysts comprising a sulfide of trivalent chromium and molybdenum or tungsten which optionally may contain one or more promotor metals such as Co, Fe, Ni and mixture thereof. These catalysts are obtained by comprising a preselected quantity of support material with a precursor salt containing a tetrathiometallate anion of Mo or W and a cation comprising trivalent chromium and, optionally, one or more promoter metals wherein both said trivalent chromium and promoter metal are chelated by at least one neutral, nitrogen-containing polydentate ligand and heating the composite in the presence of sulfur and hydrogen in an oxygen-free atmosphere. These catalysts have high selectivity for nitrogen removal. The chromium and promoter metal do not have to be in the same cation.

Abstract: There is provided a method and catalyst for removing catalyst-poisoning impurities or contaminants such as arsenic, iron and nickel from hydrocarbonaceous fluids, particularly shale oil and fractions thereof. More particularly there is provided a method of removal of such impurities by contacting the fluids with a copper-Group VIA metal-alumina catalyst. For example, a copper-molybdenum-alumina catalyst may be used as a guard bed material in a step preceding most refining operations, such as desulfurization, denitrogenation, catalytic hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: A substantially iron-free copper nitrate solution is made by dissolving a copper-containing solid catalyst composition such as a used copper-zinc oxide-alumina methanol synthesis catalyst in nitric acid and controlling the acid concentration at a level such that any iron oxide present in the composition remains substantially undissolved. The acid concentration during dissolution is preferably under 4 molar. Alternatively or additionally the terminal pH is greater than 1.0. The resulting solution is pure enough for reconversion to catalyst by co-precipitation.

Abstract: Supported, hydroprocessing catalysts comprising a sulfide of (i) trivalent chromium, (ii) Mo, W or mixture thereof and (iii) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn and mixture thereof and mixture thereof with Fe. These catalysts are made by compositing a preselected quantity of support material with a precursor comprising a mixture of (i) hydrated oxide of trivalent chromium and (ii) a salt containing a thiometallate anion of Mo or W and a cation comprising at least one divalent promoter metal chelated by at least one, neutral, nitrogen-containing polydentate ligand and heating the composite in the presence of sulfur and hydrogen in an oxygen-free atmosphere. These catalysts have been found to be useful hydrotreating catalysts having nitrogen removal activity superior to that of commercial catalysts such as sulfided cobalt-molybdate on alumina.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by dissolving a suitable molybdenum and oxygen containing compound (preferably MoO.sub.3), a suitable divalent copper and/or manganese compound and a suitable phosphorus and oxygen containing compound (preferably H.sub.3 PO.sub.4) in water, mixing this solution with an alumina-containing support material, and calcining this mixture. This catalyst composition is used primarily for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feed streams, which contain sulfur, vanadium and nickel impurities, particularly heavy oils.

Abstract: Iron-bismuth-molybdate catalysts further containing specific promoter elements have been found to exhibit excellent redox stability even under high stress conditions in the catalytic oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids.

Abstract: There is provided a method and catalyst for removing catalyst-poisoning impurities or contaminants such as arsenic, iron and nickel from hydrocarbonaceous fluids, particularly shale oil and fractions thereof. More particularly there is provided a method of removal of such impurities by contacting the fluids with a copper-Group VIA metal-alumina catalyst. For example, a copper-molybdenum-alumina catalyst may be used as a guard bed material in a step preceding most refining operations, such as desulfurization, denitrogenation, catalytic hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: Improved catalyst is made by including in a grind charge of cupreous particulates a small proportion of a hydroxide of Period IV metal having Atomic Number between 24 and 30, e.g. iron III oxide monohydrate. Said grind charge contains a major proportion of cuprous and cupric oxides, a minor proportion of elemental copper, and up to about 10% of promoter material. Such charge is subjected to high energy comminution with concomitant crystal lattice distortion. The catalyst is useful for the production of alkyl and aryl halosilanes.

Abstract: A catalyst containing tungsten, copper, and an alkali or alkaline earth component on a support, preferably silica gel, is disclosed which is useful in reverse disproportionation of stilbene and ethylene to produce styrene.

Abstract: In a process of recovering and cleaning catalysts in the continuous production of fat alcohols by a catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives at temperatures of 240.degree. to 330.degree. C. and pressures of 200 to 700 bar in the presence of copper-chromium oxide catalysts, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of material which has been already reacted, the resulting dispersion is circulated through the filter which is due for cleaning until the contents of the stirring vessel is free of solids and the filter cake is substantially free of product, the liquid from which solids have been removed is separated into cleaning liquor and recovered product by a simple sedimentation in a liquid-liquid separator or by a distillation, the recovered product is fed to the main product, the catalyst which is moistened with the cleaning liquor and substantially free of product is withdrawn and, if required, is dryed.

Abstract: A process is provided for the upgrading of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons, particularly olefins and carboxylic acids by contacting synthesis gas with catalysts comprising the mixed oxides of ruthenium, copper, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, and optionally a metal selected from Ce, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Th, Zn or mixtures thereof. The synthesis gas upgrading product may be contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst to provide alkanes, alcohols and esters, useful for fuels.

Abstract: Low molecular weight hydrocarbons are produced by contacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures with a catalyst comprising oxides of chromium, molybdenum and/or tungsten, copper, thorium or uranium and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal. Catalysts are provided which are prepared by the procedure of adding an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate to an aqueous solution or slurry containing decomposable salts of thorium or uranium and copper chromate, copper tungstate and/or copper molybdate to form a precipitate. The precipitate is heated, neutralized, dried and thereafter calcined and reduced.

Abstract: A catalyst support can be made by co-precipitating copper aluminate from a solution containing copper and aluminium ions and converting the precipitate into solid, generally particulate, form. The catalyst preferably includes a redox couple and may include promoters. The catalyst is of particular value for the low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide, especially in a smoking product filter.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for removal of acetylenes from liquid hydrocarbon streams with a minimum loss of diolefinic unsaturation present in said liquid composition is disclosed. The catalytic materials, basically copper metal associated with one or more activator metals are impregnated on a gamma alumina support prepared from an organo aluminum compound. The support has properties not found in alumina prepared from naturally occurring precursors.