Abstract: An anionically stabilized lithium catalyst wherein the anion is sulfate, phosphate, aluminate, silicate and mixtures thereof. The anionically stabilized lithium catalyst may be supported on a metal oxide support of magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, samarium oxide, and mixtures thereof or when aluminate or silicate is used as the anion the aluminate or silicate may act as the support. The catalyst may be used to promote reactions at temperatures higher than prior lithium catalysts, particularly higher than about 600.degree. C., such as oxidative coupling of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons to produce higher molecular weight compounds and oxydehydrogenation of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons to produce unsaturated hydrocarbons or to change the functional group of the hydrocarbon.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to a catalyst in powdered form which comprises a major amount of the oxides of copper and zinc, and a minor amount of aluminum oxide wherein the pore volume of pores of said catalysts having a diameter between about 120 and about 1000 .ANG. is at least about 40% of the total pore volume. In another embodiment, the invention relates to a process for preparing hydrogenation catalysts comprising the oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum which comprises the steps of(A) preparing a first aqueous solution containing at least one water-soluble copper salt and at least one water-soluble zinc salt;(B) preparing a second solution containing at least one water-soluble basic aluminum salt and at least one alkaline precipitating agent;(C) mixing the first and second solutions whereby an insoluble solid is formed;(D) recovering the insoluble solid.

Abstract: Copper-containing catalysts for low temperature shift conversion at from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and under from 10 to 40 bar, which additionally contain aluminum and zinc, if necessary in the form of the compounds or oxides and are prepared by coprecipitation, the copper-containing catalysts containing potassium and having a BET surface area adapted to the potassium content, and the potassium content being brought to 0.1-3.0% by weight at a BET surface of from 30 to 160 m.sup.2 /g, are used for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide and water.

Abstract: Vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to gamma-butyrolactone is achieved in a conversion of 95% or more and a selectivity of 80% or more during a prolonged period of production. The process uses an activated catalyst prepared by reducing a catalyst composition comprising 30-65% by weight of CuO, 18-50% by weight of ZnO and 8-22% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and activating the reduced catalyst composition in hydrogen at an activation temperature of at least 400.degree. C., preferably 400.degree. to 525.degree. C., and optimally about 425.degree. C. The process suitably is carried out under predetermined and advantageous process conditions, including a defined molar ratio of hydrogen to maleic anhydride in the vapor reactant stream, a selected pressure during hydrogenation, a defined feed rate space velocity, a predetermined contact time, and a suitable reaction temperature.

Abstract: This invention involves a new class of microporous zinc phosphorous oxide and zinc arsenic oxide compositions and method of preparation. The novel compositions have an oxide framework containing zinc and an oxide selected from the group consisting of phosphorous oxides, arsenic oxides and mixtures thereof as the sole lattice constituents specifically the compositions have the formula;[M.sub.a (R.sub.4 X).sub.b ]{[Zn.sub.p O.sub.q ][(TO.sub.4-e)(OH).sub.e ].sub.y L.sub.f }.gH.sub.

Abstract: Spinels can be synthesized by uniformly dispersing predetermined quantities of ingredient compounds whose particles have sizes no greater than about 5 nanometers in a liquid medium, arresting the ingredient compounds in a solid matrix by spray drying said liquid medium and then calcining the resulting particles to form a solid solution of oxides of said compounds in a crystalline lattice which is substantially free of undesired complex compounds of the ingredient compounds.

Abstract: A catalyst for the purification of the exhaust gas from a diesel engine, which catalyst comprises a honeycomb carrier possessing through holes disposed parallelly to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas and a catalyst component possessing a specific surface area of not more than 200 m.sup.2 /g and deposited on said carrier in a ratio of from 0.01 to 100 g per liter of said carrier and which catalyst possesses a specific surface area of from 0.1 to 5,000 m.sup.2 /liter of said catalyst.

Abstract: A method for preparing a catalyst precursor for methanol synthesis using copper sulfate recovered from low-cost copper etching waste solution as the source of copper, which comprises using recovered copper sulfate containing the mother liquor in the amount of 10% by weight or less, and adding a zinc or aluminum compound, and, optionally, further adding a boron compound to the recovered copper sulfate. The catalyst prepared by such method has all of the characteristics of a catalyst prepared with an expensive starting material, such as conventional metal nitrates. By using such method, the catalyst cost can be reduced to a great extent, thus rendering the method of great commercial value.

Abstract: A multi-component oxide catalyst comprising zinc and an alkali metal is described which is useful particularly for converting methane and/or natural gas to higher molecular weight hydrocarbon products such as ethane and ethylene. The catalyst is characterized by the formulaZn.sub.a A.sub.b M.sub.c M'.sub.d O.sub.xwhereinA is Li, Na, K, or mixtures thereof;M is Al, Ga, Cr, La, Y, Sc, V, Nb, Ta, Cu or mixtures thereof;M' is Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sm, Pb, Mn, Sb, P, Sn, Bi, Ti, Zr, Hf, or mixtures thereof;a is from about 1 to about 20;b is from about 0.1 to about 20;c is from about 0 to about 5;d is from about 0 to about 20; andx is a number needed to fulfill the valence requirements of the other elements; provided that(i) at least one of c and d is at least 0.1; and(ii) when M' is Sn, c must be at least 0.1.

Abstract: A catalytic process for gas phase oxidative coupling of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds to produce higher molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds, the catalyst being a mixed basic metal oxide or sulfide catalyst. One preferred mixed basic metal oxide catalyst is boron/alkali metal promoted metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a precursor of a catalyst containing copper, aluminum and zinc.This precursor is formed by the mixing of two ternary precursors, at different stages of their manufacturing, these two ternary precursors being different from one another in their metallic stoichiometry (atomic ratios between Cu, Zn and Al), in their crystalographic structure and in their elemental morphology.The catalyst obtained from this precursor can be used in particular for the synthesis of methanol.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst compositions comprised of chemically-mixed, copper-titanium oxides and the use of such catalyst compositions in the hydrogenation of certain esters to obtain the alcohol corresponding to the acid residue of the ester.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating feeds into their corresponding alcohols by contact with a coprecipitated catalyst comprising copper, aluminum, and a metal (X) selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tin, nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; that has been reduced with an increasing temperature during the reduction.

Abstract: The production of hydrogen by the catalyzed steam reforming of methanol is accomplished using a reformer of greatly reduced size and cost wherein a mixture of water and methanol is superheated to the gaseous state at temperatures of about 800.degree. to about 1,100.degree. F. and then fed to a reformer in direct contact with the catalyst bed contained therein, whereby the heat for the endothermic steam reforming reaction is derived directly from the superheated steam/methanol mixture.

Abstract: Self-supporting web of brass or similar cupreous metal is catalytically activated by diffusing aluminum into its surface at low temperatures and then leaching out some of that aluminum with dilute mineral acid, preferably HNO.sub.3, or ammonium persulfate. Resulting catalyst is very effective for reaction of CO with H.sub.2 to make methanol, and web provides very good thermal conductivity for improved temperature control. Activation can be confined to one face of web. Other self-supporting catalysts can be made similarly.

Abstract: A process for producing catalysts, in which an active component or a compound to be converted into an active component is obtained or deposited on a carrier material, using deposition-precipitation. According to the invention, the formula of a carrier material, which may or may not be catalytically active, and/or the precipition of the active component or a compound to be converted into such active component on a carrier material is effected by means of an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process comprises contacting a substantially liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, which contains compounds of sulfur and metals (preferably Ni and/or V), in the presence of a fixed catalyst bed comprising (a) at least one layer of impregnated, substantially spherical alumina-containing particles which have been prepared by a process comprising the steps of impregnating specific starting material with at least one dissolved magnesium compound and then heating the thus impregnated material at about 500.degree.-900.degree. C. for improved crush strength retention. In a preferred embodiment, the fixed catalyst bed further comprises at least one layer (b) of catalyst particles comprising a refractory inorganic carrier and at least one hydrogenation promoter. A composition of matter comprising the impregnated, spherical alumina-containing particles described above, and a process for preparing them are also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for a carbon oxides conversion process comprises metallic copper and oxides of zinc and/or magnesium and has a copper metal surface area of at least 70 m.sup.2 per g of copper.Whereas conventional catalysts are normally made by forming an intimate mixture of discrete particles of compounds of copper, and zinc and/or magnesium, and optionally at least one other element such as aluminum, calcining the composition to convert the constituents to oxides and then subjecting the calcined composition to reduction conditions so that the copper compounds therein are converted to copper, the high copper area catalysts are made by a process in which the calcination stage is omitted so that the copper compounds in the intimate mixture are reduced to metallic copper without the intimate mixture being heated to a temperature above 250.degree. C.Where the catalyst is required in pelleted form, it is preferably pelleted after reduction.

Abstract: A CO shift catalyst comprises the calcined form of a precursor of the approximate formula, the precursor having a layer structure(Cu+Zn).sub.6 Al.sub.x R.sub.y (CO.sub.3).sub.(x+y/2 OH.sub.12+2(x+Y) nH.sub.2 OwhereR is lanthanum, cerium or zirconiumx is not less than 1 and not greater than 4;y is not less than 0.01 and not greater than 1.5n is approximately 4.

Abstract: A catalyst and a process for oxidative coupling of methane, the catalyst being a mixed basic metal oxide catalyst. One preferred catalyst is boron/alkali metal promoted metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of activation of a CuO/ZnO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst slurried in a chemically inert liquid. Successful activation of the catalyst requires the use of a process in which the temperature of the system at any time is not allowed to exceed a certain critical value, which is a function of the specific hydrogen uptake of the catalyst at that same time. This process is especially critical for activating highly concentrated catalyst slurries, typically 25 to 50 wt %. Activation of slurries of CuO/ZnO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst is useful in carrying out the liquid phase methanol or the liquid phase shift reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an active and abrasion resistant catalyst composition comprising at least 5 weight percent alumina support and at most 95 percent of a complex oxide composition having the empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a H.sub.b C.sub.c O.sub.x,whereA is one or more of W, Sn, Mo, B, P and Ge;H is one or more of Cu, Ag, Nb, Ta, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Zn, Se, Te, Ga, In and As;C is one or more of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earths; andwhere m is from 0.01 and up to 20; a is 0-10; b is 0-20; c is 0-20 (usually 0-1); the ratio (a+b+c):(1+m) is 0.01-6; wherein x is determined by the oxidation state of the other elements, which method comprises mixing a hydrosol or gel of boehmite with a slurry or solution containing the other batch materials containing the elements of said formula, and thereafter drying and calcining the resultant solid.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for use in catalytic shift, or methanol synthesis, comprises copper, zinc oxide, magnesia, and at least one trivalent metal oxide, e.g. alumina. The amount of magnesia is such that the magnesium atoms constitute 0.2 to 7% of the total number of copper, zinc, and magnesium atoms.

Abstract: A double bond isomerization catalyst is provided which consists essentially of zinc aluminate. A process for the double bond isomerization of olefinic feedstocks using this catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: An alcohol such as methanol is decomposed to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature in the presence of mixed metal oxide catalyst containing copper and a metal L selected from the group consisting of Th, Be, Zr, Ce, Mg and U.The catalyst can contain a further metal M selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mo, Mn, Pt, Ce, Cr, Zn, Al, Ti, La, V, U, Ru, Re and Pd.The catalysts are particularly effective at relatively low temperatures for example 200.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising copper oxide, zinc oxide and zirconium oxide, the content of zirconium oxide being 30 to 70% by weight. This catalyst composition is useful for synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide and hydrogen by a gas-liquid-solid phase fluidized bed method or a gas-solid phase fluidized bed method.

Abstract: A catalyst composition containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal uranate suitable for the conversion of mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen has the formulaCu.sub.a U M.sub.b A.sub.c O.sub.xwhere M is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Th, Pd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Ce, V, Ru, Rh, Al, Re, Os, Pt, Ir, Ag, Ti, La and Zr, A is an alkaline or alkali earth metal anda is from 0.01 to 5.0;b is from 0 to 5.0 with the proviso that when M is Th the value of b is less than 1;c is a number up to 5.0 selected so that the catalyst composition contains more than 2 percent by weight of Metal A;x is a number such that the valence requirements of the other elements for oxygen are satisfied.The catalyst composition can be used to prepare an alcohol composition containing at least 30 percent by weight of methanol, the remainder of said composition comprising higher alcohols, the distribution of which on a methanol-free basis isC.sub.2 -10 to 90 weight percentC.sub.3 -15 to 60 weight percentC.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises (a) alumina, (b) zinc titanate, (c) at least one compound of molybdenum, (d) at least one compound of at least one of nickel and cobalt, and (e) at least one compound of rhenium. This catalyst composition is used for hydrotreating a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, which contains organic compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen under such conditions as to obtain a product having reduced levels of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Preferably the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream contains cycloalkanes, which are at least partially reformed to aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A double bond isomerization catalyst is provided which consists essentially of zinc aluminate. A process for the double bond isomerization of olefinic feedstocks using this catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A substantially iron-free copper nitrate solution is made by dissolving a copper-containing solid catalyst composition such as a used copper-zinc oxide-alumina methanol synthesis catalyst in nitric acid and controlling the acid concentration at a level such that any iron oxide present in the composition remains substantially undissolved. The acid concentration during dissolution is preferably under 4 molar. Alternatively or additionally the terminal pH is greater than 1.0. The resulting solution is pure enough for reconversion to catalyst by co-precipitation.

Abstract: Catalyst for the synthesis of alcohol mixtures containing methanol and higher aliphatic alcohols from CO and H.sub.2, which contains, as an oxide precursor,(a) copper oxide and zinc oxide, which can be transformed into the catalytically active state by reduction with hydrogen;(b) aluminum oxide as a thermostabilizing substance and(c) at least one alkali carbonate or alkali oxide,the oxidic precursor comprising from 20 to 70% of the total volume of pores having a diameter between 14 and 7.5 nm, the alkali content being 13-130.times.10.sup.-6 gram atom alkali metal per gram of the oxidic precursor, and the aluminum oxide component having been obtained from a colloidally dispersed aluminum hydroxide gel or sol.

Abstract: Manufacture of catalysts containing at least three essential metals consisting of copper, zinc and aluminum.The process for manufacturing the catalyst comprises the formation of homogeneous amorphous precipitate of the above-mentioned metals, followed with a washing in two steps, first with water, then with an acid solution.These catalysts are used in balanced reactions involving alcohols and synthesis gas, particularly in methanol synthesis.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of dimethyl ether from syngas, which comprises mixing a dehydration catalyst with a methanol synthesis catalyst comprising copper, zinc, chromium and/or aluminum which has been prepared by low-temperature co-precipitation from an aqueous solution containing specified amounts of the metals concerned.

Abstract: Neoalkanols of the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 CCH.sub.2 OH are synthesized by hydrogenation of a neoacid of the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 CCOOH, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different alkyl of 1-10 carbon atoms, at a temperature of 175.degree.-350.degree. C. and a hydrogen pressure of 10-100 Kg/cm.sup.2 over a copper oxide/zinc oxide hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the conversion of syngas to methanol which comprises copper, zinc and a modifier selected from the group consisting of yttrium, a lanthanide element, an actinide element and mixtures thereof supported on a zinc-aluminum oxide spinel carrier.

Abstract: Manufacture of catalysts containing at least four essential metals: copper, zinc, aluminum and at least one metal selected from the group formed of rare earths and zirconium.The process comprises the formation of a crystallized precipitate of the above-mentioned metals by intimate mixture of a crystallized precipitate of copper, zinc and aluminum, containing less than 0.06% by weight of sodium after washing, with a precipitate of at least one metal of the rare earths group and/or zirconium, containing less than 3% of nitrogen after washing.The catalysts are used in balanced reactions involving alcohols and synthesis gases, and particularly for methanol synthesis.

Abstract: A new polymerization catalyst system comprising an aluminum compound and a transition metal compound on an alumina-based aerogel support, a process for preparing the polymerization catalyst system and use of the catalyst system for polymerization and copolymerization of alpha-olefins are disclosed. A heat-activated alumina-based aerogel useful as a catalyst support and having a morphology by transmission electron microcopy comprising extremely thin folded film-like ribbons or plates and having a high BET surface area, high pore volume, and low bulk density is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for activating a methanol synthesis catalyst is disclosed. In this method, the catalyst is slurried in an inert liquid and is activated by a reducing gas stream. The activation step occurs in-situ. That is, it is conducted in the same reactor as is the subsequent step of synthesizing methanol from a methanol gas stream catalyzed by the activated catalyst still dispersed in a slurry.

Abstract: Catalyst for methanol synthesis, containing(a) as catalytically active substances copper oxide and zinc oxide, which, if desired, may be at least partially reduced, and(b) as thermostabilizing substance aluminum oxide.The proportion of pores with a diameter of 20 to 75 .ANG. (mesopores) is at least 20% and the proportion of pores with a diameter of more than 75 .ANG. (macropores) is at most 80%. The desired pore distribution can be obtained by using colloidally dispersed aluminum oxide or hydroxide in the production of the catalyst.

Abstract: The Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 carrier material from Ag/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 supported catalysts which is obtained after the silver has been removed from such spent catalysts in a conventional manner is regenerated by a method in which the carrier material(a) is treated with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt or hydroxide of a metal of group IIA, IIIB or IVB of the Periodic Table or of aluminum, copper, manganese, zinc, cadmium, tin or lead, and the material treated in this manner is then dried, and/or the material(b) is heated at 750-1,500.degree. C. for not less than 10 minutes.

Abstract: The catalytic dehydrogenation of at least one dehydrogenatable organic compound which has at least one ##STR1## grouping is carried out in the presence of a zinc titanate hydrogel. The selectivity of the zinc titanate hydrogel may be improved by adding a promoter selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrodesulfurization and/or hydrodenitrogenation of an organic sulfur compound and/or an organic nitrogen compound is carried out in the presence of a hydrogel derived catalyst comprising zinc titanate and alumina promoted with cobalt and molybdenum.

Abstract: Catalysts for the production of methanol from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are prepared by dispersing in water a co-precipitate of zinc and at least one of chromium and aluminum together with a co-precipitate of copper, zinc and optionally at least one of chromium and aluminum, followed by spray drying of the dispersion, and calcining the spray dried material.

Abstract: A catalyst which comprises titanium oxide reinforcing material and oxides of one or more metals selected from Group Ia, Group IIa, Group IIb and Group IVb of the periodic table, the weight of said oxides corresponding to at least 0.5 wt. % of the weight of a final catalyst exhibits an excellent activity in hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide. Said catalytic activity has no possibility of deterioration even in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide coexist with feed gas.

Abstract: Improved catalyst is made by including in a grind charge of cupreous particulates a small proportion of a hydroxide of Period IV metal having Atomic Number between 24 and 30, e.g. iron III oxide monohydrate. Said grind charge contains a major proportion of cuprous and cupric oxides, a minor proportion of elemental copper, and up to about 10% of promoter material. Such charge is subjected to high energy comminution with concomitant crystal lattice distortion. The catalyst is useful for the production of alkyl and aryl halosilanes.

Abstract: Gas conversion catalysts which possess a high resistance to catalyst poisoning such as sulfur and/or chlorine-containing compounds, comprise a catalyst composite of copper, zinc and aluminum compounds containing at least one metal selected from the metals consisting of groups IVB, VB, VIB and VIIB of the Periodic Table. This catalyst composition may be used to synthesize methanol from a feedstock of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: The catalytic reforming of a feedstock which contains a derivative of cyclopentane or which contains organic compounds which are convertible to a derivative of cyclopentane is carried out in the presence of a hydrogel of zinc titanate and a suitable acidic material. Also, the attrition resistance of zinc titanate is improved by incorporating the zinc titanate into a hydrogel structure.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by reacting a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure over a catalyst which contains zinc, copper and aluminum, the catalyst being prepared from a co-crystalline material of the formulaCu.sub.2.2 Zn.sub.2.8 (OH).sub.6 (CO.sub.3).sub.2,containing aluminum hydroxide as a structual promoter, by calcination and reduction at from 160.degree. to 350.degree. C. The novel catalyst has the advantage of giving a substantially increased space-time yield and having a longer life.

Abstract: A new catalyst and process for synthesis of dimethyl ether from low H.sub.2 /CO ratio syngas are disclosed. The catalyst is a combination of Cu, Zn and Al, co-precipitated in predetermined relative amounts, which is found to be oxidatively regenerable and utilizable with the syngas product of modern coal gasifiers without the need for external water-gas-shift.