Abstract: A column packing material comprising a porous support coated with a silicone polymer having an Si--R bond, wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and an Si--R' bond, wherein R' is a hydrophilic group having one or more of polyoxyalkylene group or hydroxyl group at the terminal end, of which column packing material is produced by:modifying a porous support by bonding hydrocarbon groups to the porous support;eliminating a part of the hydrocarbon groups from the modified porous support; andmodifying the porous support by bonding hydrophilic groups thereto.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing sulphur-containing gases from fossil fuel-fired combustors comprising the step of introducing sorbent particles modified with lignosulfonates into the exhaust gases.

Abstract: Packing materials for use in liquid chromatographs are prepared by reacting silica gel or porous glass having silanol groups on the surface thereof with a chemical modifier to chemically attach the chemical modifier to silanol groups on the silica gel or porous glass, and reacting the chemically modified silica gel or porous glass with an end-capping agent in gas phase at 250.degree.-500.degree. C. to chemically attach the end-capping agent to the residual silanol groups on the silica gel or porous glass.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a functionalized layer and an aluminum hydroxide layer on an aluminum substrate, the aluminum hydroxide layer located between the substrate and the functionalized layer. The method comprises the steps of subjecting an aluminum substrate to a hydrothermal treatment in an aqueous solution having a pH in the range of 2 to 14 to form a layer of aluminum hydroxide on said substrate and thereafter treating said aluminum substrate with a phosphorus-containing acid selected from phosphinic and phosphonic acid to form a functionalized layer on said aluminum hydroxide layer, the functionalized layer comprised of the reaction product of said acid and the layer of aluminum hydroxide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating the surface of a valve metal such as aluminum to form a two layer protective coating thereon using an anodizing bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution having a concentration ranging from about 0.001 molar to a saturated solution of a monomeric phosphorus- containing compound selected from the class consisting of a 1-30 carbon water soluble phosphonic acid, a 1-30 carbon water soluble phosphinic acid, and mixtures thereof. The valve metal surface is anodized in the anodizing bath while maintaining a voltage selected from a range of from about 1 to about 400 volts until the current density falls to a level indicative of the fact that a nonporous valve oxide layer has been formed on the valve metal surface and a reaction product from the monomeric phosphonic/phosphinic acid compound is chemically bonded to the oxide layer.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane is disclosed comprising a permeable inorganic membrane capable of reacting with an organic acid. The treated membrane has good chemical stability over a pH range of from 1 to 14, is capable of controlling the flux through the membrane, has altered internal and external wetting properties of the membrane surface, and has controlled pore size due to the presence of a monomolecular layer of an organic acid material chemically bonded to the surface of the inorganic membrane. The monomolecular layer of organic acid material is formed on the membrane surface by contacting the membrane with an organic acid reactant selected from the class consisting of phosphonic acid having the formula RPO(OH).sub.2 ; phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); monocarboxylic acids having the formula RCOOH; dicarboxylic acids having the formula R"(COOH).sub.2 ; boronic acid having the formula RB(OH).sub.

Abstract: Porous materials having a dual surface are disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for their preparation. An example of such a material is silica gel reacted with 1,1,1-trifluoropropyldimethylsilyl-N-methylacetamide and then, with N-trimethylsilyl-N-methylacetamide to give a dual treated material having 1,1,1-trifluoropropyldimethylsilyl groups on the exterior surface and trimethylsilyl groups on the porous interior surface.

Abstract: A reversible adsorbent for carbon dioxide, which can be used as a decontaminant of closed environments, has been devised. It consists of a novel material formed by a surface modified silica gel with active sites for the chemisorption of CO.sub.2 at room temperature combined with a clay which acts as an agglomerant in a preferred weight ratio of 80/20. The carbon dioxide is liberated under heating at 110.degree. C. The surface area of the material ranges between about 120 and about 240 m.sup.2 /g with a total pore volume between about 0.4 and about 0.8 cc/g where about 80% of the total pore volume contains pores of a diameter between about 60 .ANG. and about 180 .ANG.. The material is capable of adsorbing between about 7.5 and 11.7 cc of dry CO.sub.2 per gram and can be regenerated between about 70.degree. and about 150.degree. C. without losing any adsorptive capacity. Dry carbon dioxide is chemisorbed as a surface ammonium carbamate which becomes a surface bicarbonate in the presence of water.

Abstract: Compositions of matter are disclosed comprising nitrogen containing hydrocarbons which are modified with at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of sulfur, phosphorus an arsenic, with the modified hydrocarbons being covalently bonded to trialkoxysilane. These modified hydrocarbons are further covalently bonded to a solid inorganic support such as silica to form a solid complexing agent. The complexing agents are particularly useful in a process of removing and/or concentrating certain ions, such as noble metal ions and other transition metal ions, from solutions thereof admixed with other ions by forming a complex of the desired ion(s) with the complexing agent. The solution preferably flow through a column packed with the complexing agent to form the complex of the desired ion(s).

Abstract: A novel bioadsorption composition suitable for removing heavy metal from waster water effluent, the composition comprising a biomass encapsulated sol-gel matrix. A process for preparing the biomass encapsulated sol-gel matrix is also provided. The bioadsorption composition may be suitably used to remove a substantial amount heavy metal (such as uranium) from a waste water effluent, particularly a dilute aqueous stream comprising a waste water effluent (such as mine water). Heavy metal may then be recovered from the bioadsorption composition, thereby rendering the latter as reusable.

Abstract: Magnetically stabilized fluidized bed technology is utilized in conjunction with ion-exchange adsorption/desorption processes in a method and system for isolating proteins from cell lysate. The invention also includes a magnetizable, porous, ion-exchange particle, and a method for producing the same, for use with the stationary magnetically stabilized fluidized bed protein isolation process.

Abstract: The invention has compositions of matter and process aspects.The compositions of matter aspects relate to a class of new organic compounds, viz., intermediates which are sulfur and nitrogen containing hydrocarbons covalently bonded to trialkoxysilane and those intermediates covalently bonded to a solid inorganic support such as silica.The process aspect comprises two processes, viz., (1) a process for making the new class of compounds, and (2) the process of removing and/or concentrating certain ions such as noble metal ions and other transition metal ions, from solutions thereof admixed with other ions which may be present in much higher concentrations by forming a complex of the desired ion(s) with a compound as stated, e.g., by flowing the solution through a column packed with the compound, breaking the complex, e.g., by flowing a receiving liquid through the column to remove the desired ion(s) in solution in the receiving liquid and recovering the desired ion(s) from the receiving liquid.

Abstract: An oil degradation compound, comprising a mixture of a carrier, namely flour, a first oil-reactive agent, namely dry powdered mustard, and a second wetting agent, the carrier and first agent being each in a concentration which may vary from 1 to 99% by weight relative to the total amount of carrier and first agent. The wetting agent is in a small amount just sufficient to produce a paste when admixed with the first agent and carrier. The paste is destined to be spread onto an oil spill on a land surface, wherein the oil is to be absorbed by the paste and broken down into a crumbly powder, which can then be easily collected.

Abstract: Sulfonic derivatives of N-acylated covalently bound, non-crosslinked polyethyleneimine bonded phase silicas of the formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is the backbone of a silica gel or glass, n is an integer such that the polyethyleneiminopropyl silane group has an average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 1800; q is an integer of zero or one; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --CH.sub.2).sub.x H or --CH.sub.2).sub.m COOH where X is an integer of 1 or 2 and m is an integer of zero or 1; when R is hydrogen or --CH.sub.2).sub.x H then R.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2).sub.p COOH where p is an integer of zero or 1, and when R is --CH.sub.2).sub.m COOH then R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or --CH.sub.2).sub.y H where y is an integer of zero or 1, are especially useful as solid phases for the purification and separation of proteins having isoelectric points of below about 5.

Abstract: Impregnated activated carbon adsorbents for the removal of toxic materials from gas streams are used in a variety of respiration and collective filter applications. The activated carbon impregnated adsorbents in the present invention remain effective in removing toxic gases and/or vapors in military, industrial and other applications, and are free of chromium and its potential health hazards. Generally, these activated carbons are comprised of an activated carbon adsorbent impregnated so as to result in an activated carbon containing 0 to 14% copper and 2 to 16% zinc, optionally supplemented according to the desired characteristics with silver, triethylenediamine, and prepared with or without the use of organic acid. The adsorbent carbons of the present invention have been found to be effective for removing a variety of toxic gases and/or vapors.

Abstract: A composition for absorbing liquids comprises an organic material derived from at least one substance selected from the group consisting of plant gums and plant mucilages. The absorbing compositions are applied as powders, pastes, or sheets.

Abstract: A method of, and an apparatus for, conducting chromatographic separations of multi-component systems utilizing silica-coated, magnetically susceptible particles in an MSFB is disclosed. A support material comprised of beads having a magnetic core surrounded by a silica derivative porous coating is used.

Abstract: A packing material for liquid chromatography comprising (S)- or (R)-1,1'-bianthryl-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid as stationary phase.

Abstract: Peanut hulls are processed into dust free granules suitable for use as chemical carriers and moisture absorbent materials by being pulverized to a powder. This is done by milling the hulls through a screen having interstices no larger than 3/32 inch. The powder is then compacted into compact masses that are divided into granules and screened.

Abstract: The invention has compositions of matter and process aspects.The compositions of matter aspect relate to two classes of new organic compounds, viz., A. intermediates which are sulfur-containing hydrocarbons covalently bonded to trialkoxysilane and B. that class of intermediates covalently bonded to an inorganic matrix, e.g., silica, silica gel, glass, glass fibers, alumina, nickel oxide, zirconia, and titania. The process aspect comprises two processes, viz., (1) a process for making the two new classes of compounds A and B, and (2) the process of removing and concentrating certain ions, such as noble metal ions and other transition metal ions, from solution thereof admixed with other ions which may be present in much higher concentrations by forming a complex of the desired ion(s) with a compound of class B, e.g., by flowing the solution through a chromatography column packed with the compound, breaking the complex, e.g.

Abstract: A chromatographic packing material is disclosed which comprises generally spherical metal oxide/hydroxide support particles comprising crystals extending radially outward from a central core region and having a shape selected from principally acicular to principally lamellar and having bonded to the surface of said metal oxide/hydroxide support particles a layer of one or more phosphorus-containing organic materials comprised of a phosphorus-containing acid group bonded to said metal oxide/hydroxide particles and an unreacted carbon-containing acid group.

Abstract: Scavenger compositions are disclosed, which have utility for effecting the sorptive removal of hazardous gases containing Group II-VII elements of the Periodic Table, such as are widely encountered in the manufacture of semiconducting materials and semiconductor devices. Gas sorption processes including the contacting of Group II-VII gaseous compounds with such scavenger compositions are likewise disclosed, together with critical space velocity contacting conditions pertaining thereto. Further described are gas contacting apparatus, including mesh structures which may be deployed in gas contacting vessels containing such scavenger compositions, to prevent solids from being introduced to or discharged from the contacting vessel in the gas stream undergoing treatment.

Abstract: A composition for absorbing liquids comprises a quantity of fibrous material from plants and coated with a waterproofing composition, such as with sodium methyl silicate some embodiments include organic material derived from at least one substance selected from the group consisting of plant gums and plant mucilages in admixture with particulate plant fibers. The absorbing compositions are applied to hydrocarbon liquids, such as oil and the like on water.

Abstract: A scavenger for purifying inert gas mixtures to remove Lewis acid and oxidant impurities therefrom, comprising (i) an inert inorganic support, and (ii) an active scavenging species on the support, formed by deposition thereon of an organometallic precursor and pyrolysis thereof at a selected elevated temperature. The organometallic precursor is an alkyl metal compound comprising a metal of Group IA, IIA, and/or IIIA, wherein the pyrolysis temperature may range from about 150.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., depending on the specific alkyl metal compound employed as the precursor. Also disclosed are: a corresponding method of making the scavenger; a process for purifying inert gases by contacting same with the scavenger; and a vessel containing a bed of the scavenger, useful as an apparatus for purifying inert gases.

Abstract: An amorphous substance obtained by mixing volcanic ash with or without added clay and water and, if necessary, a surfactant, kneading the mixture, and shaping and firing. Additives such as camphor or naphthalene may be included prior to firing for plasticity and to form pores. The resultant mixture possesses an ability to adsorb phosphorus selectively. When this substance is placed in contact with a phosphorus-containing liquid, it removes phosphorus from the liquid.

Abstract: An arrangement for collecting blood from a source of blood employs a filter chamber having a substantially predefined volume for accumulating the collected blood, and first and second access ports for receiving the collected blood and for venting the filter chamber, respectively. A protamine filter is arranged within the filter chamber, and preferably is formed of regenerated cellulose hollow fibers which have been activated with CNBr and have protamine immobilized thereon. The amount of protamine immobilized thereon is controlled in a variety of ways, prior to installation and sealing of the filter element within the filter chamber. In a practical embodiment, the first port of the filter chamber is coupled to a conventional cannula needle for communicating transdermally with a living being or through a membrane of a blood storage container. The second port is coupled to a conventional syringe which applies a suction for facilitating withdrawal of the blood.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed which comprises a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon a substantially monomolecular layer of organic acid molecules. Each organic acid molecule is chemically bonded to a reactive site on the oxide/hydroxide surface through a phosphorus-containing acid group selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid group and a phosphinic acid group. Each organic acid molecule also comprises an unreacted acid group oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface and selected from the class consisting of a phosphonic acid group, a phosphinic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying a gaseous mixture comprising arsine, phosphine, ammonia, and/or inert gases, to remove Lewis acid and/or oxidant impurities therefrom, comprising a vessel containing a bed of a scavenger, the scavenger including a support having associated therewith an anion which is effective to remove such impurities, such anion being selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: (i) carbanions whose corresponding protonated compounds have a pK.sub.a value of from about 22 to about 36; and (ii) anions formed by reaction of such carbanions with the primary component of the mixture.

Abstract: An active material and method of making same are disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon, a layer of a perfluorinated organic material formed by reacting with the metal oxide/hydroxide a perfluorinated organic acid comprised of an acid group and a perfluorinated carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface is formed by reaction of the acid group with the metal oxide/hydroxide surface, so that the perfluorinated carbon-containing group is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface. The perfluorinated organic acid may be a perfluorinated phosphonic acid, a perfluorinated phosphinic acid, a perfluorinated carboxylic acid, or a mixture of two or more of the acids.

Abstract: An absorber is capable of selective adsorption and removal of acidic gases of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, chlorine compounds and sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, as well as organic acid gases. The absorber is characterized by having a metal phthalocyanine supported on an ion exchanger, wherein the ion exchanger has a quarternary ammonium group as an ion-exchange group and the metal phthalocyanine contains iron phthalocyanine in an amount of 0.05-30 wt % of the ion exchanger.

Abstract: A packing material for chromatographic use wherein an organosilane of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, provided that at least one of them represents an alkoxy group or a halogen atom; X represents an --NHCO-- or --NH.sub.3.sup..+-. --OCO-- group; n is an integer of 2 to 4; and *C represents an asymmetric carbon atom, is grafted on an inorganic carrier having hydroxyl groups on the surface thereof as well as a method for the analysis of an enantiomer mixture using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane is disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide capable of reacting with a phosphoric acid ester. The treated membrane has good chemical stability over a pH range of from 2 to 12. Chemically bonded to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface of the membrane is a monomolecular layer of one or more phosphoric acid esters selected from the class consisting of one or more phosphoric acid monoesters having the formula (RO)PO(OH).sub.2, one or more phosphoric acid diesters having the formula (RO)(R'O)PO(OH), and mixtures of same where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group and R'comprises hydrogen or a 1-30 carbon-containing group. Excess phosphoric acid esters not bonded to the underlying membrane surface is removed to ensure formation of the monomolecular layer of the phosphoric acid esters on the surfaces of the membrane.

Abstract: There is provided layered oxides of aluminum and phosphorus or arsenic having pendant organic groups which protrude into the inner layer region of these layered materials. These materials may be prepared by reacting a suitable organoarsenic or organophosphorus compound, such as phenylphosphonic acid, with a suitable aluminum compound, such as alumina, in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as a mixture of ethanol and water, under conditions of elevated temperature.

Abstract: Packing materials for use in liquid chromatographic analysis are prepared by contacting a porous support, such as porous silica, with a ketal silane to form ketal blocked diol groups on the surfaces thereof. An end-capping reagent such as a trimethylsilyl reagent may be added. In addition, the ketal blocked diol groups may be further hydrolyzed to diol groups.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane having good chemical stability over a pH range of from 1 to 14. The monomolecular layer of organic acid material is formed on the membrane surface by contacting phosphonic acid having the formula RPO(OH).sub.2 ; phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); monocarboxylic acids having the formula RCOOH; dicarboxylic acids having the formula R"(COOH).sub.2 ; or boronic acid having the formula RB(OH).sub.2.

Abstract: Dual zone porous materials having an external zone and an internal zone are prepared by contacting a suspension of a porous support, such as particulate silica, in a solvent with a halosilane and a catalyst for the halosilane in order to form first silyl groups predominantly on the external surfaces of the porous support. Preferably thereafter the porous support is contacted with a silane having second silyl groups in order to a form second silyl groups predominantly on the internal surfaces.

Abstract: Dual zone porous materials having an external zone and an internal zone are prepared by contacting a suspension of a porous support, such as particulate silica, in an aprotic solvent with an organosilane mixture of a first organosilane having first silyl groups and a second organosilane of a second type in order to form first silyl groups predominantly or the external surfaces of the porous support and second silyl groups predominantly on the internal surfaces of the porous support.

Abstract: A crown ether compound is shown below and useful as a separating agent for chemical compounds. ##STR1## (In the formula, A and B represent hydrogen atoms, straight chain or branched alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms, allyl groups having 6-10 carbon atoms, or aralkyl groups having 7-9 carbon atoms. Although A and B may be different groups, it is preferable that they be the same.R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or preferably an alkyl group having 6-16 carbon atoms. R.sub.1 may be bonded to any carbon atom on the cyclical ester group and its number is 1-12, and preferably 1-3. n represents an integer from 3-10, and preferably 4-8, with 5 or 6 being even more preferable.In addition R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent straight chain or branched alkyl groups having 1-30, and preferably 6-20 carbon atoms, or aryl groups having 6-18 carbon atoms, or aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms. The location of R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Dual zone reverse phase packing materials for use in liquid chromatographic blood serum analysis are prepared by contacting a porous support, such as porous silica, with a fluorocarbon silane, such as a perfluorobutylsilyl compound, to form a lipophobic phase in the external zone of the porous support, and, then contacting the porous support with a lipophilic silane, such as an octadecylsilyl compound, to form a lipophilic partitioning phase in the internal zone of the porous support. Ketal blocked diol groups, which later may be hydrolyzed to diol groups, are also attached to both zones of the packing materials. The dual zone reverse phase packing materials display a reduced degree of serum protein adsorption in the external zone while drug substances are retained and separated by the lipophilic partitioning phase in the internal zone.

Abstract: Adsorbents comprising organic acid-treated amorphous silicas with effective average pore diameters of about 60 to about 5000 Angstroms are useful in processes for the removal of trace contaminants, specifically phospholipids and associated metal ions, from glyceride oils.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising metal oxide/hydroxide particles having chemically bonded to reactive sites on a surface thereof, a monolayer of a phosphorous-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorous-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorous-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.

Abstract: A ligand specific to a bioactive substance to be purified is fixed, via a connecting silane, to a mineral particulate carrier chosen from among SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2, the particles of the carrier being submicronic, non-porous and having a large specific surface. The carrier is contacted with an aqueous extract containing inter alia the bioactive substances, for the time required for the substance to become specifically fixed to the carrier. The carrier is then separated and the desired bioactive substance is isolated by desorption.

Abstract: A novel packing material for liquid chromatographic use is disclosed. This packing material is prepared by covalently bonding (S)- or (R)-6-methoxy-.alpha.-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid (naproxen) to aminopropylsilanized silica. The resulting chiral stationary phase is effective for the resolution of enantiomeric (RS)-naproxen, and of other racemic .alpha.-methylarylacetic acids.

Abstract: A method is provided for modifying a porous chromatographic material such as silica, alumina, thoria, titania or magnesia, which involves the steps of halogenating the surface hydroxyl groups of such material, and reacting the halogenated surface with a suitable alkylation reagent. The method gives a direct surface-to-carbon linkage in a high-yield reaction.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon, a monolayer of a phosphorus-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorus-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorus-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.

Abstract: Absorbents based on optically active poly(meth)acrylamides, e.g. bonded to silica gel, can be used for separating racemic mixtures into their optical antipodes.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing sulphur-containing gases from fossil fuel-fired combustors comprising the step of introducing sorbent particles modified with lignosulfonates into the exhaust gases.

Abstract: Compositions comprising carbon-based supports and containing heteropolycyclic compounds such as bipyridyl, phenanthroline or derivatives thereof are used in separation of dissolved late transition metals such as Fe, Co, Ni and Cu from solutions, in particular when such solutions contain high concentrations of other dissolved metals such as Zr, Hf, La, Al and Ba. Such compositions are also used to separate late transition metals such as Pt group metals from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter system with a gas space opening, intended to be fitted in artificial anus drainage bags. This filter system is composed of a flattened oblong body comprising a core sheet, for example of open-cell expanded plastic material, impregnated with an adsorbent active material and covered by a protective film leaving free the end edges of the core sheet.

Abstract: A new class of chromatographic columns for reverse phase and ion exchange chromatography based on organotitanate coupling is disclosed along with separation processes using such media. The disclosed organo-titanate coupled matrices useful for reverse phase or ionic chromatographic separation can be made using titanate coupling agents in complete replacement of conventional silanating agents.