Abstract: Methods and compositions suitable for forming electrodes and other components of energy storage devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly, and a method for making the assembly, are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC), including forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution including hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites, forming the functionalized ZTC. The method further includes incorporating the functionalized ZTC into electrodes, forming a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and forming the PEM fuel cell assembly.

Abstract: A method is described to make a metal-containing non-amorphous hard-carbon composite material that is synthesized from furan-ring containing compounds. The metals described in the process include lithium and transition metals, including transition metal oxides like lithium titanates. The non-amorphous hard-carbon component of the metal-containing non-amorphous hard-carbon composite material is characterized by a d002 peak—in the X-ray diffraction patterns—that corresponds to an interlayer spacing of >3.6 ?, along with a prominent D-band peak in the Raman spectra. These metal-containing hard-carbon composites are used for constructing electrodes for Li-ion batteries and Li-ion capacitors.

Abstract: A method is described to make a metal-containing non-amorphous hard-carbon composite material that is synthesized from furan-ring containing compounds. The metals described in the process include lithium and transition metals, including transition metal oxides like lithium titanates. The non-amorphous hard-carbon component of the metal-containing non-amorphous hard-carbon composite material is characterized by a d002 peak—in the X-ray diffraction patterns—that corresponds to an interlayer spacing of >3.6 ?, along with a prominent D-band peak in the Raman spectra. These metal-containing hard-carbon composites are used for constructing electrodes for Li-ion batteries and Li-ion capacitors.

Abstract: A material for removing a contaminant, the material including an adsorption material for adsorption of a contaminant and a decomposition material for decomposition of a contaminant, wherein the adsorption material and the decomposition material are complexed with each other, and a contaminant decomposition onset temperature of the decomposition material is equal to or lower than a contaminant desorption onset temperature of the adsorption material.

Abstract: A method and reactor are disclosed for separating and removing heavy metals from wastewater using a sulfhydryl-modified nano-magnetized activated carbon. The method includes the steps of preparing a sulfhydryl-modified nano-magnetized activated carbon first; introducing heavy-metal-containing wastewater into a reactor which is equipped with a stirrer and keeping stirring, and then adding the sulfhydryl-modified nano-magnetized activated carbon, continuously stirring for a reaction; after reacting for a period, precipitating under a magnetic field generated by a magnet separator, discharging the resulting supernate, and then discharging the precipitated sludge.

Abstract: A polymer/activated carbon composite made up of a branched polyethylenimine and magnetic cores involving Fe3O4 disposed activated carbon. The magnetic cores have activated carbonyl groups on the surface. A process for removing organic dyes, such as methyl red, as well as heavy metal ions from a polluted aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater utilizing the composite is introduced. A method of synthesizing the polymer/activated carbon composites is also specified.

Abstract: An adsorbent for a target compound can include porous carbon particles having pores with a predominant pore size less than 10 nm, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) nucleated on the carbon surface and within the pores of carbon particles to provide a carbon magnetic nanoparticle adsorbent (C-MNA). A method for removing target compounds with an adsorbent, a system for removing contaminants from a liquid, and a method for adsorbing target compounds from a fluid are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating precious metals in a nanoporous carbon powder.

Abstract: An aminated magnesium oxide adsorbent containing a magnesium oxide matrix having disordered mesopores and a BET surface area of 320 to 380 m2/g, and a polyamine selected from the group consisting of an ethyleneamine having a molecular weight of up to 450 g/mol and a polyethylene imine having a number average molecular weight of greater than 500 g/mol and up to 20,000 g/mol, wherein the polyamine is impregnated within the disordered mesopores of the magnesium oxide matrix. A method of making the aminated magnesium oxide adsorbent and a method of capturing CO2 from a gas mixture with the aminated magnesium oxide adsorbent are also described.

Abstract: An energy dampener for use in an electronic device can include a carbon nanotube-aerogel matrix, including carbon nanotubes embedded in an aerogel and a rubber composited with the carbon nanotube-aerogel matrix.

Abstract: Adsorptive bed devices include a monolithic scaffold having a stress absorbing rigid structure and open cells filled with adsorptive beads. The monolithic scaffold restricts movement of the plurality of adsorptive beads, absorbs stress induced by a hydraulic pressure gradient along a direction of liquid flow. In one embodiment the adsorptive bed is packed into a chromatography column, and in another embodiment the adsorptive bed is sealed in a monolithic block. In another embodiment, the adsorptive bed device includes an adsorptive block, first and second planar distributors and peripheral seal.

Abstract: An activated carbon sorbent composition comprising activated carbon and a passivation agent, wherein the activated carbon sorbent composition exhibits reduced self-heating or auto-ignition properties as compared to the activated carbon. The activated carbon sorbent composition may be utilized to sequester contaminants such as mercury from a flue gas stream. The passivation agent includes a sulfur species, and may be a sulfur oxide compound, a sulfide compound, or an organic sulfur compound. Methods for the manufacture of the activated carbon sorbent composition and for the sequestration of contaminants in a flue gas stream using the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for the manufacture of sorbent compositions, sorbent compositions and methods for using the sorbent compositions. The methods include the utilization of an acidic halogen solution as a source of a halogen species that is dispersed on a solid sorbent. The use of the acidic halogen solution results in a highly active halogen species that demonstrates improved efficacy for the removal of heavy metal(s) from a flue gas. The sorbent composition includes a substantially amorphous halogen species associated with a solid sorbent such as powdered activated carbon (PAC).

Abstract: A sorbent composition for enhanced baghouse function is described. The composition may include a sorbent such as powder activated carbon as well as an additive that is a heat moderator or a permeability agent. The heat moderator may act as a heat sink or barrier. Heat moderators may include in non-limiting examples phyllosilicates, cyclosilicates, or nesosilicates that may include, montmorillonite, bentonite, halloysite, aluminum silicates, muscovite, illite, kaolin, andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, metakaolin, mullite, polymers, such as chitosan, and/or clays, either natural or synthetic (e.g., montmorillonite), or polyethylenimine. Permeability may be affected by mixing sorbents of lower D50 with sorbents of higher D50 in various ratios, or addition of a permeability agent such as a phyllosilicate, perlite, silica, diatomaceous earth. Further, a permeability agent such as a fluoropolymer may be coated onto or admixed with the sorbent.

Abstract: A sorbent composition for removing mercury from flue gas is provided. The sorbent composition contains at least a powdered sorbent, an oxidant and a catalyst. Methods of cleaning flue gas are also provided, which includes injecting the sorbent composition into the flue gas, wherein the powdered sorbent has a fifty percent distribution particle size of from about 25 micrometers to about 75 micrometers.

Abstract: An adsorbent system includes a passage and first and second adsorbents in the passage. The first adsorbent includes granules of non-impregnated activated carbon and the second adsorbent includes granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent. The granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent have, by weight, at least 20% acid or metal salt content. The granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent have, by weight, at least 35% acid or metal salt content. The granules of non-impregnated activated carbon and the granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent have a size of mesh 4 to mesh 40, and, by total combined weight of the granules of non-impregnated activated carbon and the granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent, the first adsorbent has 55%-75% of the granules of non-impregnated activated carbon and the second adsorbent has 45%-25% of the granules of acid- or metal salt-impregnated adsorbent.

Abstract: A method for capturing material extracted from biochar, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a biochar; (ii) contacting the biochar with a treating liquid, where the treating liquid causes the removal of solids from the pores and surface of the biochar, thereby creating a resulting solution or extract comprised of the treating liquid and removed solids; and (iii) collecting the resulting solution or extract. The method further comprises the step of apply the resulting solution or extract to soil or for use in other applications.

Abstract: Treated biochar and methods for treating biochar are provided. The method for treating the biochar includes forcing, assisting or accelerating the movement of an infiltrant into the pores of the biochar, whereby the treatment affects properties of the biochar that provide for a more reliable and predictable biochar for use in various applications, including, but not limited to, agricultural applications.

Abstract: A method of making activated carbon including: compressing a mixture of carbonaceous source material and an alkali source material into a first solid form; and activating the first solid form to a form an activated carbon having a second solid form.

Abstract: A mercury sorbent and method for enhancing mercury removal performance of activated carbon from flue gas by the addition of non-halogen ammonium-containing compounds are provided herein.

Abstract: Treated biochar and methods for treating biochar are provided. The method for treating the biochar includes forcing, assisting or accelerating the movement of an infiltrant into the pores of the biochar, whereby the treatment affects properties of the biochar that provide for a more reliable and predictable biochar for use in various applications, including, but not limited to, agricultural applications.

Abstract: Activated carbon (AC) composites as adsorbents for mercury removal in water treatment. The AC composites comprise an AC as the core particle, with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and polyethylenimine (PEI) grafted on the surface of the AC core particle to increase the surface area, number of active sites and adsorption capacity. Methods of preparing and characterizing the AC composites by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) are also provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods and equipment for generating an activated sorbent from a sorbent precursor with the addition of certain chemicals that enhance the effectiveness of the activated sorbent. The invention is also directed to the methods and equipment for generating some of the chemicals that are added to the raw carbonaceous material or activated sorbent to enhance its effectiveness. The invention is also directed to methods and equipment for generating certain chemicals that can be added to a gas stream to convert a given gaseous pollutant to a form that is more easily removed from the gas stream. The invention is also directed to methods and equipment for adding an activated sorbent and various chemicals for a gas stream having one or more gaseous pollutants.

Abstract: A composition and process for treating sugar solutions that includes one or more sources of ammonium that obtain a pH in water solution above pH 7.0, such as ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), ammonium phosphate dibasic (NH4)2HPO4, and ammonium sulfite (NH4)2SO3. The composition can also include a particulate sulfur reagent, an amorphous silica, a particulate aluminum reagent, a particulate phosphorous reagent, a particulate filter aid selected from diatomaceous earth and perlite, a particulate activated carbon, a particulate bleaching earth, a polymer decolorant, or combinations thereof. The individual materials can be pre-mixed before addition to the sugar solution, added individually to the sugar solution, or added as a combination of one or more singular ingredients and one or more pre-mixed ingredients.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: High-speed formation of char, useful as a precursor to activated carbon, is produced by a combination of cellulosic material and an acid solution both preheated close to the steam temperature and then mixed. The rapid endothermic reaction rapidly chars the cellulosic material driving excess water away as steam and minimizing tar formation.

Abstract: Activated cellulosic-based carbon is rendered more thermally stable by exposure to water or aqueous acid, and optionally, to a halogen and/or a halogen-containing compound. Such treated cellulosic-based carbon has enhanced thermal properties and is suitable for use in mitigating the content of hazardous substances in flue gases, especially flue gases having a temperature within the range of from about 100° C. to about 420° C.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a carbon catalyst having an improved activity. The method of producing carbon catalyst including a carbonization step of carbonizing raw materials containing an organic compound as a carbon source, a metal, and an electrically conductive carbon material to produce a carbonized material; a metal impregnation step of impregnating the carbonized material with a metal; and a heat treatment step of subjecting the carbonized material impregnated with the metal to a heat treatment.

Abstract: Biomass combustion processes may be controlled to intentionally generate a carbon-containing ash, from which activated carbon is produced according to the methods disclosed. Some variations provide an economically attractive process for producing an activated carbon product, the process comprising combusting a carbon-containing feedstock to generate energy, combustion products, and ash, wherein the ash contains at least 10 wt % carbon; separating and recovering carbon contained in said ash; and further activating or treating the separated carbon, to generate an activated carbon product. Many process variations are disclosed, and uses for the activated carbon product are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of removing siloxanes from a gas stream includes flowing the gas stream that carries siloxanes through an adsorbent media to remove at least part of the siloxanes from the gas stream, wherein the adsorbent media comprises lignite-based activated carbon. A spent adsorbent media is provided that contains the lignite-based activated carbon through which a gas stream containing siloxanes has been at least partially purified, and which may be regenerated.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of capturing a gas from an environment by associating the environment with a porous carbon material that includes, without limitation, protein-derived porous carbon materials, carbohydrate-derived porous carbon materials, cotton-derived porous carbon materials, fat-derived porous carbon materials, waste-derived porous carbon materials, asphalt-derived porous carbon materials, coal-derived porous carbon materials, coke-derived porous carbon materials, asphaltene-derived porous carbon materials, oil product-derived porous carbon materials, bitumen-derived porous carbon materials, tar-derived porous carbon materials, pitch-derived porous carbon materials, anthracite-derived porous carbon materials, melamine-derived porous carbon materials, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the associating results in sorption of gas components (e.g., CO2, H2S, and combinations thereof) to the porous carbon material.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of capturing a gas from an environment by associating the environment (e.g., a pressurized environment) with a porous carbon material that comprises a plurality of pores and a plurality of nucleophilic moieties. In some embodiments, the associating results in sorption of gas components (e.g., CO2 or H2S) to the porous carbon materials. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure also include a step of releasing captured gas components from porous carbon materials. In some embodiments, the releasing occurs without any heating steps by decreasing environmental pressure. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure also include a step of disposing released gas components and reusing porous carbon materials. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to porous carbon materials that are used for gas capture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon nanocomposite sorbents. The present invention provides carbon nanocomposite sorbents, methods for making the same, and methods for separation of a pollutant from a gas that includes that pollutant. Various embodiments provide a method for reducing the mercury content of a mercury-containing gas.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a compressed gaseous fuel storage pellet is provided comprising a gas adsorbent material and a thermally conductive material extending substantially an entire dimension of the pellet and having a thermal conductivity of at least 75 W/mK. The pellet may include at least two layers of gas adsorbent material spaced apart along a compression direction of the pellet and a substantially continuous layer of the thermally conductive material disposed between the at least two layers of gas adsorbent material. The pellet may further include thermally conductive projections which intersect the layer(s) of thermally conductive material.

Abstract: Nanoporous activated carbon material having a high specific capacitance in EDLCs and controlled oxygen content, and methods for making such activated carbon material. Reduction of oxygen content is achieved by (a) curing a carbon precursor/additive mixture in an inert or reducing environment, and/or (b) refining (heating) activated carbon material after synthesis in an inert or reducing environment. The inert or reducing environment used for curing or refining is preferably substantially free of oxygen.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance that effectively decomposes hazardous substances such as aldehydes, a hazardous-substance-decomposing material, and a method of decomposing a hazardous substance. The carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance is a carbon catalyst having a catalytic activity for decomposing the hazardous substance. The hazardous substance is, for example, a volatile organic compound such as aldehydes or a malodorous substance such as a sulfur compound. The method of decomposing a hazardous substance, is a method including decomposing the hazardous substance with the carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance or with a hazardous-substance-decomposing material containing the carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance.

Abstract: The invention provides a hydrogen storage material comprising a porous carbon material having oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, and Li bonded to the surface of the porous carbon material. The hydrogen storage material of the invention has more excellent hydrogen storage capacity than the prior art.

Abstract: Provided is a composite adsorbent material and a method for preparing the same. The composite adsorbent material comprises a porous host material of activated carbon impregnated with silica-gel and calcium chloride, and is useful for adsorbing high levels of water vapor. The composite adsorbent material is used in low temperature heat driven adsorption cooling and dehumidification systems.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-supporting solid compacted composition of material comprising an ammonia storage material capable of reversibly absorbing and desorbing ammonia in its ammonia saturated state and compacted to such a density that it has of at least 70% of the single crystal density of said material in its ammonia-saturated state in admixture with one or more additive incapable of storing ammonia and having a thermal conductivity of at least five times the thermal conductivity of the ammonia storage material at a temperature of from at least ?45° C. to 250° C., as well as a process for preparing it.

Abstract: A device for stabilizing fuel in a fuel tank comprises activated carbon. The activated carbon is configured to be inserted into or installed inside a fuel tank, so that it is in contact with the fuel. The device allows the activated carbon to be in contact with the fuel, but does not allow it to be dispersed in the fuel. A method for stabilizing fuel in a fuel tank comprises adding the device to the fuel tank so that it is in contact with the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an absorbent composition composed of an iron oxide and/or hydroxide, activated carbon, promoters and binders, in the form of extruded tablets or granules, capable of absorbing impurities from fluid streams in order to eliminate the impurities, mainly sulfur compounds, contained in these streams. The present invention also relates to the methods for obtaining the absorbents, and to the use thereof for eliminating impurities contained in liquid and gaseous streams.

Abstract: A process for removing mercury from a gas or liquid phase, wherein the gas or liquid phase containing mercury is placed in contact with a composition comprising a precipitated metal sulfide. The precipitated metal sulfide may be made by the process of combining a metal source, sulfide source, and modifier to form the precipitated metal sulfide. The metal source may comprise iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, or gold salts. The metal salt may be selected from metal nitrate, metal sulfate, metal phosphate, metal acetate, metal carbonate, metal hydroxide, metal ammonium carbonate, and metal hydroxycarbonate. The sulfide source is selected from hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), salts of sulfide (S2?), salts of hydrosulfide (HS?), and salts of polysulfide (Sn2?). The modifier may be selected from alumina, silica, aluminosilicate, clay, zeolites, carbon, cement, titania, zirconia.

Abstract: A carbon or ceramic monolithic materials with an M2 (macroporous/microporous) hierarchised porous structure is provided as well as method for preparing said materials using a macro/meso/microporous silica cavity. Such materials may be used, in particular for the production of hydrogen purifiers, supercapacitors or electrodes, or else for carrying out catalysed chemical reactions in a heterogeneous phase.

Abstract: A method is provided for storing hydrogen in a macroporous monolithic material by the heterogeneous nucleation of a metal hydride. A composite material is provided for storing hydrogen directly obtained by the method. A method is also provided for employing the material for the production of dihydrogen, as well as a method for producing dihydrogen using such a composite material.

Abstract: A multi-functional resin bonded sorbent material including a blend of a resin, a sorbent and an electrically conductive material. The sorbent includes a plurality of sorbent particles uniformly dispersed within the resin so that each sorbent particle of the plurality of sorbent particles is fully surrounded by the resin and the electrically conductive material includes a plurality of conductive particles dispersed within the resin so that the plurality of conductive particles forms a conductive path.

Abstract: Aggregated graphene oxide includes a range of specific surface area, and a method of preparing aggregated graphene oxide includes dispersing graphene oxide in an organic solvent and adding an anti-solvent. Aggregated graphene includes a range of specific surface area, and a method of preparing aggregated graphene includes dispersing graphene oxide in an organic solvent, adding an anti-solvent, and reducing the aggregated graphene oxide. Aggregated and nitrogen-doped includes a range of specific surface area, and a method of preparing aggregated and nitrogen-doped graphene includes dispersing graphene oxide in an organic solvent, adding an anti-solvent, and photo-reacting the aggregated graphene oxide.

Abstract: A flue gas adsorbent and method for making an adsorbent for mercury capture are disclosed. The adsorbent comprises an admixture of an adsorptive material and an additive that have been physically combined thereby eliminating the need for traditional impregnation. A method for removing mercury from a flue gas stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: A support impregnated with selenium and capable of effectively removing a heavy metal from a process stream that is at an ambient temperature or is at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A composition comprising: at least one porous carbon monolith, such as a carbon aerogel, comprising internal pores, and at least one nanomaterial, such as carbon nanotubes, disposed uniformly throughout the internal pores. The nanomaterial can be disposed in the middle of the monolith. In addition, a method for making a monolithic solid with both high surface area and good bulk electrical conductivity is provided. A porous substrate having a thickness of 100 microns or more and comprising macropores throughout its thickness is prepared. At least one catalyst is deposited inside the porous substrate. Subsequently, chemical vapor deposition is used to uniformly deposit a nanomaterial in the macropores throughout the thickness of the porous substrate. Applications include electrical energy storage, such as batteries and capacitors, and hydrogen storage.