Abstract: A composition comprising: at least one porous carbon monolith, such as a carbon aerogel, comprising internal pores, and at least one nanomaterial, such as carbon nanotubes, disposed uniformly throughout the internal pores. The nanomaterial can be disposed in the middle of the monolith. In addition, a method for making a monolithic solid with both high surface area and good bulk electrical conductivity is provided. A porous substrate having a thickness of 100 microns or more and comprising macropores throughout its thickness is prepared. At least one catalyst is deposited inside the porous substrate. Subsequently, chemical vapor deposition is used to uniformly deposit a nanomaterial in the macropores throughout the thickness of the porous substrate. Applications include electrical energy storage, such as batteries and capacitors, and hydrogen storage.

Abstract: A toxin immobilization particle and method of fabrication is provided that includes a polysulfide-rubber polymer coated activated carbon particle that provides enhanced toxin adsorption. A porous activated carbon particle have a size range up to 2 mm is used. The polysulfide-rubber polymer coated activated carbon particle includes a polymer-dose range of up to 1.64 grams of sulfur per gram of activated carbon particles, where the toxins can include mercury, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The method of forming the toxin immobilization particle includes condensing a polymer in a sulfide mixture to form a polysulfide-rubber polymer compound and coating an activated carbon particle with the polysulfide-rubber polymer. The levels of sulfur loading in the toxin immobilization particles are controlled by the polymer dose during the coating process, where the polysulfide polymer coated activated carbon particle provides enhanced toxin adsorption.

Abstract: Metal sorbent compositions for removing a metal contaminant from a fluid, such as removal of mercury from a coal-fired flue gas stream, and methods for making and using the same are provided. The subject metal sorbent compositions comprise an effective amount of an aqueous dispersion of microfine elemental sulfur particles on an adsorbent substrate, and optionally, a metal capture enhancing agent such as a halogen source and/or an oxidizing agent in an amount providing a metal capture enhancing effect on the metal sorbent composition. The subject metal sorbent compositions are prepared by drying an aqueous dispersion of microfine elemental sulfur particles on an adsorbent substrate, such as on a substrate of microfine particles of a refractory material and the like. Also provided are kits for use in preparing the subject compositions, and compositions produced by the methods. The subject compositions, kits and systems find use in a variety of different applications.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions from fluid streams are provided herein. In embodiments, mercury is removed from flue gas streams by injecting a dry admixture of a porous mercury adsorptive material and at least one halide containing agent into the flue gas stream.

Abstract: A method of production of activated carbon for removal of mercury gas which provides activated carbon impregnated with both sulfur and iodine which gives a higher mercury gas adsorption performance compared with a conventional activated carbon adsorbent and also enables the prime cost of manufacture to be kept down, that is, a method of production provided with a sulfur impregnation step which adds sulfur to activated carbon and heats the mixture to obtain sulfur-impregnated activated carbon comprised of activated carbon to 100 parts by weight of which sulfur is impregnated in 5 to 20 parts by weight and, after the sulfur impregnation step, an iodine substance impregnation step which adds an aqueous solution containing iodine and an iodine salt to the sulfur-impregnated activated carbon.

Abstract: Sorbents comprising activated carbon particles, sulfur, and metal catalyst. The sorbents may be used, for example, for the removal of a contaminant, such as mercury, from a fluid stream.

Abstract: Synthesis of a support material impregnated with silver sulfide provides a sorbent composition. Generating the silver sulfide relies on reaction of sulfur dioxide and one of hydrogen gas and hydrogen sulfide in presence of the support material following silver loading of the support material. Contacting a fluid stream with the sorbent composition removes heavy metal from the fluid stream.

Abstract: Sorbents for removal of mercury and other pollutants from gas streams, such as a flue gas stream from coal-fired utility plants, and methods for their manufacture and use are disclosed. Embodiments include brominated sorbent substrate particles having a carbon content of less than about 10%. Other embodiments include one or more oxidatively active halides of a nonoxidative metal dispersed on sorbent substrate particles mixed with activated carbon in an amount up to 30% by weight. Further embodiments include physical blending of a flow modifier into the sorbent composition.

Abstract: The present teachings relate to processes to impregnate activated carbon derived from a vegetal source with permanganate and optionally, iron (III) oxide. The present teachings also include the adsorbent compositions resulting from such processes.

Abstract: The object of the invention is method and apparatus for sorbent production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microporous carbon material capable of expressing functions that supported metal has while maintaining pore functions that the microporous carbon material inherently possesses. The microporous carbon material 5 includes: a three-dimensional long-range ordered structure within a range from 0.7 nm or more to 2 nm or less; and micropores 2a, wherein a transition metal 4 is supported on surfaces of the micropores 2a. The microporous carbon material is obtained by a method including: introducing an organic compound on a surface of and inside the micropores of a porous material containing transition metal, and obtaining a composite of the microporous carbon material containing the transition metal and the porous material by carbonizing the organic compound by a chemical vapor deposition method; and removing the porous material.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalytic adsorbents formed from doping activated carbon with a dispersed halide salt. The catalytic adsorbents provided herein are stable and harmless at room temperature, yet allow for chemical adsorption at elevated temperatures typical of those for flue gas streams. The present invention also provides methods of manufacturing the doped activated carbon adsorbents.

Abstract: Provided are a low-molecular-weight organic gas absorbent material including a porous material having an average pore size of 10 to 200 nm impregnated with one or more organic compounds having 10 or more carbon atoms in a proportion of 10 wt % or more based on the porous material, and a fuel vapor treatment apparatus for an internal combustion engine using this low-molecular-weight organic gas absorbent material. This low-molecular-weight organic gas absorbent material sufficiently absorbs and removes low-molecular-weight organic gases even for a porous material having large pores which cannot adsorb low-molecular-weight organic gases such as butane and the like.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst having an improved activity. The carbon catalyst is obtained by: carbonizing raw materials containing an organic compound as a carbon source, a metal, and an electrically conductive carbon material to produce a carbonized material; impregnating the carbonized material with a metal; and subjecting the carbonized material with the metal to a heat treatment.

Abstract: Metal sorbent compositions for removing a metal contaminant from a fluid, such as removal of mercury from a coal-fired flue gas stream, and methods for making and using the same are provided. The subject metal sorbent compositions comprise an effective amount of an aqueous dispersion of microfine elemental sulfur particles on an adsorbent substrate, and optionally, a metal capture enhancing agent such as a halogen source and/or an oxidizing agent in an amount providing a metal capture enhancing effect on the metal sorbent composition. The subject metal sorbent compositions are prepared by drying an aqueous dispersion of microfine elemental sulfur particles on an adsorbent substrate, such as on a substrate of microfine particles of a refractory material and the like. Also provided are kits for use in preparing the subject compositions, and compositions produced by the methods. The subject compositions, kits and systems find use in a variety of different applications.

Abstract: A carbon-based catalyst for flue gas desulfurization is brought into contact with a flue gas containing at least SO2 gas, oxygen and water vapor so that the SO2 gas can react with the oxygen and the water vapor to form sulfuric acid which is to be recovered. On a surface of the carbon-based catalyst, iodine, bromine or a compound thereof is added, ion exchanged or supported and a water-repellent treatment is applied. The carbon-based catalyst can also be used as a mercury adsorbent for flue gas treatment for adsorbing and removing metallic mercury from a flue gas containing metallic mercury, SO2 gas, oxygen and water vapor.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for controlling catalytic processes, including catalyst regeneration and soot elimination. An alternating current is applied to a catalyst layer and a polarization impedance of the catalyst layer is monitored. The polarization impedance may be controlled by varying the asymmetrical alternating current. At least one of water, oxygen, steam and heat may be provided to the catalyst layer to enhance an oxidation reaction for soot elimination and/or to regenerate the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention provides a multi-aperture carbon granule air purificant and production method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of air purification. The air purificant is made from carbon powder, attapulgite, sepiolite, zeolite, cationic surfactant, pore-forming agent, and bamboo vinegar. The rational design that carbon powder (including plant carbon and activated carbon) of the air purificant mentioned above is treated with nano minerals, attapulgite, sepiolite, zeolite and so on, improves plant carbon adsorption capacity (over 5 folds) and activated carbon adsorption capacity (over 2 folds). Moreover it has additional bactericidal and antibacterial actions besides for the effects of cationic surfactant and bamboo vinegar. Compared with other adsorbents under current techniques, this air purificant still holds high adsorption capacity even at high temperature and low partical pressure of adsorbates, and maintains the function of plant carbon's releasing anion and far infrared at the meantime.

Abstract: Surface functionalized sorbent particles for vapor-phase mercury removal, especially in the presence of SO3 in, for example, flue gas. The sorbent surface is modified to increase the SO3 resistance of vapor-phase mercury sorbents. The mercury removal efficiency is immune to the presence of SO3, which is not the case with conventional activated carbon as well as brominated activated carbons. The sorbent is based on carbon particles with a metal oxide coating on the surface. The thin metal oxide layer acts as an amenable surface to introduce functional groups. The metal oxide coated carbon was further modified with amine molecules, to increase its resistance towards SO3 poisoning.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition is provided. The conductive paste composition includes 20 to 70 weight % of silver nanoparticles having an average particle size of 1 nm to 250 nm based on a total weight of the conductive paste composition, and 0.01 to 2 weight % of silver-decorated carbon nanotubes based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing the amount of organic components in water, wherein a surface-reacted naturalcalcium carbonate and a hydrophobic adsorbent, selected from the group consisting of talc, hydrophobized calcium carbonate, hydrophobized bentonite, hydrophobized kaolinite, hydrophobized glass, or any mixture thereof, are brought into contact with the water to be purified, the surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate being the reaction product of a naturalcalcium carbonate with an acid and carbon dioxide, which is formed in situ by the acid treatment and/or supplied externally, and the surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate being prepared as an aqueous suspension having a pH of greater than 6.0, measured at 20° C.

Abstract: A process for removing mercury from a gas or liquid phase, wherein the gas or liquid phase containing mercury is placed in contact with a composition comprising a precipitated metal sulfide. The precipitated metal sulfide may be made by the process of combining a metal source, sulfide source, and modifier to form the precipitated metal sulfide. The metal source may comprise iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, or gold salts. The metal salt may be selected from metal nitrate, metal sulfate, metal phosphate, metal acetate, metal carbonate, metal hydroxide, metal ammonium carbonate, and metal hydroxycarbonate. The sulfide source is selected from hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), salts of sulfide (S2?), salts of hydrosulfide (HS?), and salts of polysulfide (Sn2?). The modifier may be selected from alumina, silica, aluminosilicate, clay, zeolites, carbon, cement, titania, zirconia.

Abstract: Activated carbon is rendered more thermally stable by exposure to a non-halogenated additive, and optionally to a halogen and/or a halogen-containing compound. Such treated carbon is suitable for use in mitigating the content of hazardous substances in flue gases, especially flue gases having a temperature within the range of from about 100° C. to about 420° C.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions from fluid streams having a high concentration of sulfur oxide species are provided herein. In embodiments, mercury is removed from flue gas streams by injecting a dry admixture of a porous mercury adsorptive material and at least one dry agent into the flue gas stream.

Abstract: A composition for hydrogen storage includes a receptor, a hydrogen dissociating metal doped on the receptor, and a metal salt doped on the receptor. The hydrogen dissociating metal is configured to spill over hydrogen to the receptor, and the metal salt is configured to increase a rate of the spill over of the hydrogen to the receptor.

Abstract: A method for removing at least one contaminant from a fluid stream includes filtering the fluid stream with a filtration medium. The filtration medium includes an impregnate. The impregnate includes an organic amine and an inorganic metal salt. The inorganic metal salt includes magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or combinations thereof. The medium has from about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of impregnate. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight organic amine, and the organic amine includes aqueous urea, solid urea, melamine or mixtures thereof. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight metal salt. The impregnate optionally further includes a surfactant such as polyacrylic acid. In some embodiments, the method includes removing at least two contaminants from the fluid stream.

Abstract: A flue gas adsorbent and method for making an adsorbent for mercury capture are disclosed. The adsorbent comprises an admixture of an adsorptive material and an additive that have been physically combined thereby eliminating the need for traditional impregnation. A method for removing mercury from a flue gas stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a low-molecular-weight organic gas absorbent material including a porous material having an average pore size of 10 to 200 nm impregnated with one or more organic compounds having 10 or more carbon atoms in a proportion of 10 wt % or more based on the porous material, and a fuel vapor treatment apparatus for an internal combustion engine using this low-molecular-weight organic gas absorbent material. This low-molecular-weight organic gas absorbent material sufficiently absorbs and removes low-molecular-weight organic gases even for a porous material having large pores which cannot adsorb low-molecular-weight organic gases such as butane and the like.

Abstract: A method of producing activated carbon fibers (ACFs) includes the steps of providing a natural carbonaceous precursor fiber material, blending the carbonaceous precursor material with a chemical activation agent to form chemical agent-impregnated precursor fibers, spinning the chemical agent-impregnated precursor material into fibers, and thermally treating the chemical agent-impregnated precursor fibers. The carbonaceous precursor material is both carbonized and activated to form ACFs in a single step. The method produces ACFs exclusive of a step to isolate an intermediate carbon fiber.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst having an excellent catalytic activity on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The carbon catalyst is a carbon catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide, which is obtained by impregnating a carbonized material, which is obtained by carbonization of raw materials containing an organic compound as a carbon source, a metal, and an electrically conductive carbon material, with a metal, and subjecting the resultant to a heat treatment.

Abstract: A composition for hydrogen storage includes a source of hydrogen atoms, a receptor, and a chemical bridge formed between the source and the receptor. The chemical bridge is formed from a precursor material. The receptor is adapted to receive hydrogen spillover from the source.

Abstract: A method for producing a halogenated activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form a mixture, heating the mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce an activated carbon material, and treating the activated carbon material with a halogen source to form a halogenated activated carbon material. The halogenated activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: Solid adsorbents, following their use for mercury removal from flue gas, that do not interfere with the ability of air-entraining additives (such as surfactants) to form stable bubbles when added to fly ash containing the adsorbents. The interference is overcome by heating the materials used in the manufacture of the adsorbent so that magnesium hydroxide and/or one or more alkali compounds containing one or more silicate, aluminate, and/or phosphate moiety, added or already present in the materials, binds multivalent cations present in the materials that could otherwise interfere with the surfactant activity.

Abstract: Compositions are provided, derived from chemical treatment of carbonaceous fiber felt forms or other carbonaceous substrates, that exhibit both high efficiency and capacity for mercury capture from flue gases and the like. These compositions are superior to known compositions, particularly with regard to their performance under severely deactivating conditions. The compositions result from the pyrolysis of certain specific sulfur bearing compounds while in contact with activated carbon powders, activated carbon fibers, or with other carbonized forms. Precursor compounds to these novel mercury-binding compositions contain structural moieties that may be represented as: where X, Y are individual atoms or are functional groups consisting of several atoms, such that the atom bonding to sulfur is not hydrogen. X and Y can be linked in cyclic structures, either directly or through other atoms.

Abstract: Compositions, and processes utilizing such compositions, are provided for reducing mercury emissions during fuel combustion Such compositions comprise a sorbent, a bromine source and a chlorine source Such compositions exhibit improved thermal stability as compared to that of the sorbent by itself.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions are provided herein. The methods, generally, include the steps of burning a heavy metal containing fuel source and introducing sorbent materials and introducing one or more halogen compounds into the combustion chamber and/or exhaust stream to remove the heavy metal.

Abstract: A gas mixture preheated to high temperatures using an oxy-fuel, an oxygen-enriched air-fuel or an air-fuel burner is used to devolatilize and partially oxidize carbonaceous feedstock, thereby producing an active residual char that can be used in applications utilizing activated carbon. Use of hot gas and ground carbonaceous feedstock allows the equipment to be minimized, thereby allowing the activated carbon to be produced at or near points of use, for example the production of activated char at or near utility boilers for use in the reduction of mercury emissions from flue gas streams.

Abstract: A new class of carbon-based sorbents for vapor-phase mercury removal is disclosed in this invention. The optimum structure of the sorbent particles, and a method to produce the sorbent, are described. The sorbent is based on carbon particles with a metal-oxide coating on the surface. The thin metal-oxide layer acts as a barrier for the adsorption of Air Entrainment Admixture (AEA), the component used to stabilize bubbles in cement), thereby enhancing its concrete friendliness. The metal-oxide is coated on the surface of carbon, using a solution-based method. The metal-oxide coated carbon was further modified with sulfur molecules, to increase its mercury removal capacity.

Abstract: A new class of sorbents for the removal of mercury from contaminated water. The optimum structure of the sorbent particles and a method to produce the same is described. The newly developed carbon-based particles are differentiated from other sorbent particles by their high accessible surface area and high affinity towards mercury ions that leads to faster and higher mercury adsorption. The sorbent is based on carbon particles with a metal-oxide coating on the surface. The metal-oxide is coated on the surface of carbon, using a solution-based method. The metal-oxide coated carbon was further modified with sulfur molecules, to increase its mercury removal capacity.

Abstract: A solid air filtration medium includes an impregnate with an organic amine and an inorganic metal salt. The medium has from about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of impregnate. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight organic amine, and the organic amine includes aqueous urea, solid urea, melamine or mixtures thereof. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight metal salt, and the metal salt includes magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or mixtures thereof. The impregnate optionally further includes a surfactant such as polyacrylic acid. Methods for forming a solid air filtration medium having an impregnate containing an organic amine and an inorganic metal salt and methods for removing contaminants from a fluid stream are also provided.

Abstract: A manufacturing method is provided for producing a carbon material adsorbing nitrate nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen or a fluoride ion through an ion exchange with a chloride ion. Plant material can be impregnated with a calcium chloride solution. Subsequently, the plant material can be carbonized to enable the plant material to support chloride ions that can provide ion exchanging capability with nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and a fluoride ion via calcium. The temperature of the carbonization permits the deposits of a calcium chloride compound within 2% to 25% by weight as a functional group in a carbonized material having ash components.

Abstract: A method for producing a halogenated activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form a mixture, heating the mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce an activated carbon material, and treating the activated carbon material with a halogen source to form a halogenated activated carbon material. The halogenated activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides molded activated carbon, and the molded activated carbon is produced by molding a mixture containing powdery activated carbon (a) having a median particle size of 80 ?m to 120 ?m and a standard deviation ?g of 1.3 to 1.9 in a particle size distribution and a fibrous binder (b). The molded activated carbon of the present invention has excellent removability for free residual chlorine, volatile organic compounds, CAT, and 2-MIB and excellent turbidity filterability, and is for use as a water purifier cartridge or the like.

Abstract: There are provided hydrogen storage materials comprising a first region composed primarily of an amorphous carbon containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf and Y, and a second region composed primarily of an amorphous carbon having a density lower than that of the first region.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed adducts of amines and polycarboxylic acids, and methods of making such adducts. Such adducts can be used to remove cyanogen chloride. Also disclosed are methods of providing such adducts on supports to form filter media. Also disclosed are methods of combining such filter media with catalysts and/or with porous polymeric webs to form filter systems.

Abstract: Filter media that includes activated carbon particulates and zinc oxide particles disposed on surfaces of the activated carbon particulates. The zinc oxide particles have an average crystallite dimension that is not greater than about 50 nm.

Abstract: A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described.

Abstract: Synthesis of a support material impregnated with silver sulfide provides a sorbent composition. Generating the silver sulfide relies on reaction of sulfur dioxide and one of hydrogen gas and hydrogen sulfide in presence of the support material following silver loading of the support material. Contacting a fluid stream with the sorbent composition removes heavy metal from the fluid stream.

Abstract: A gas mixture preheated to high temperatures using an oxy-fuel, an oxygen-enriched air-fuel or an air-fuel burner is used to devolatilize and partially oxidize carbonaceous feedstock, thereby producing an active residual char that can be used in applications utilizing activated carbon. Use of hot gas and ground carbonaceous feedstock allows the equipment to be minimized, thereby allowing the activated carbon to be produced at or near points of use, for example the production of activated char at or near utility boilers for use in the reduction of mercury emissions from flue gas streams.

Abstract: Porous block nano-fiber composite (110), a filtration system (10) and methods of using the same are disclosed. An exemplary porous block nano-fiber composite (110) includes a porous block (100) having one or more pores (200). The porous block nano-fiber composite (110) also includes a plurality of inorganic nano-fibers (211) formed within at least one of the pores (200).