Abstract: A reactive medium comprising reactive particles having a surface area of about 300 m2/gm to about 1500 m2/gm and a size in the range of from about 0.10 mm to about 4 mm. The reactive particles include particles of an inorganic material, including carbon, and active metal sites, including sodium bonded to the carbon. The reactive medium can remove impurities to trace levels and has a high capacity for contaminants.

Abstract: A monolith comprises a zeolite, a thermally conductive carbon, and a binder. The zeolite is included in the form of beads, pellets, powders and mixtures thereof. The thermally conductive carbon can be carbon nano-fibers, diamond or graphite which provide thermal conductivities in excess of about 100 W/m·K to more than 1,000 W/m·K. A method of preparing a zeolite monolith includes the steps of mixing a zeolite dispersion in an aqueous colloidal silica binder with a dispersion of carbon nano-fibers in water followed by dehydration and curing of the binder is given.

Abstract: An activated carbon composition which is less apt to cause dusting, has satisfactory handleability, and is excellent in decoloration performance, etc. The composition is characterized by comprising activated carbon and cellulose which have been coated with chitosan. Preferably, the composition is one obtained by precipitating chitosan from a chitosan solution in the presence of activated carbon and cellulose to thereby coat the activated carbon and cellulose with the chitosan. The composition is further characterized by containing the cellulose and the chitosan in amounts of 1 to 30 pts.wt. and 0.1 to 15 pts.wt., respectively, per 100 pts.wt. of the activated carbon.

Abstract: The BC powders (particle size<10 ?m, Taiwan Paiho) are activated with surfactant sodium alginate under stirred for 1 h. The as-prepared BC powders (2 g) are immersed into 100 mL of biamminesilver nitrate ([Ag(NH3)2]NO3) solutions, which are formed by adding 25 wt. % aqueous ammonia into AgNO3 solution at room temperature. After stirring for 1 h, dilute aqueous solutions of hydrazine monohydrate are separately prepared and introduced to the BC-AgNO3 solutions in appropriate quantities (molar ratio 1:1 with respect to silver nitrate) by a syringe. Stirring is continued under inert atmosphere at room temperature for another 4 h. The BC/Ag particles are separated and washed with deionized water and ethanol, then dried in vacuum at 60° C. for overnight.

Abstract: A method for purifying breathing air using a carbon-based monolith structure impregnated with copper, silver, zinc, and molybdenum species and triethylenediamine, wherein the monolith structure is impregnated by a multiple step process. The method of impregnation results in a carbon-based monolith structure that purifies nuclear, biological, or chemical contaminants under conditions of high flow rate and low pressure drop.

Abstract: A sorbent body adapted for abating toxic elements from a fluid stream, such as a carbon combustion flue gas stream or a syngas stream produced in coal gasification process, and process for making such sorbent. The sorbent body comprises an activated carbon matrix defining a plurality of pores, sulfur and additive adapated for promoting the abatement of toxic elements from the fluid stream. The sorbent is useful for abatement of, e.g., arsenic, cadmium, mercury and selenium from gas streams.

Abstract: Solid adsorbents, following their use for mercury removal from flue gas, that do not interfere with the ability of air-entraining additives (such as surfactants) to form stable bubbles when added to fly ash containing the adsorbents. The interference is overcome by heating the materials used in the manufacture of the adsorbent so that magnesium hydroxide and/or one or more alkali compounds containing one or more silicate, aluminate, and/or phosphate moiety, added or already present in the materials, binds multivalent cations present in the materials that could otherwise interfere with the surfactant activity.

Abstract: This invention provides an anion adsorbing carbon material which is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and excellent in the anion adsorption, as well as a manufacturing method and a manufacturing facilities for the same. This invention is characterized in that a raw material which comprises plant(s) is contacted with a solution including calcium ions, and after that, carbonized, and subsequently, contacted with an acid solution.

Abstract: Metal oxide modified or impregnated activated carbon as a sorbent to reduce multiple contaminants, such as arsenic and pesticide residues from a fluid.

Abstract: An activated carbon-containing sorbent is capable of selectively removing one or more selected gaseous components from a gas. The activated carbon-containing sorbent can be incorporated in a smoking article to remove one or more selected components from mainstream smoke. The activated carbon-containing sorbent can be a composite including one or more molecular sieve materials. Methods of making the activated carbon-containing sorbent, cigarette filters and smoking articles including the activated carbon-containing sorbent, as well as methods for smoking a cigarette comprising the activated carbon-containing sorbent, are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to filtration media having nanocrystals of metal oxides, encapsulated in or impregnated into a binder matrix, which binds together particles of activated carbon. The filtration media can be compressed into a filtration block, has low pressure drop, and has excellent microbial removal properties.

Abstract: A system for removing mercury from combustion gas. The system includes a combustion device, a stack, and a duct system that couples the combustion device to the stack. The system further comprises an injection system that is coupled to the duct system. The injection system injects sorbents including alkali-based sorbents and carbon-based sorbents into the duct system.

Abstract: An acid-impregnated activated carbon matrix is formed from a carbonaceous material by the addition of a mineral acid, and may be used to chemisorb ammonia from a gas stream. The ammonia reacts with the acid to form a fertilizer salt. The spent matrix may be used as a fertilizer, or the fertilizer salt may be elutriated from the matrix.

Abstract: An activated carbon filter that treats a gas stream having a varying relative humidity, the gas stream contaminated with at least one of formaldehyde, an acid gas and an alkaline gas. The filter includes a plurality of activated carbon granules mixed together in a carbon bed filter. A first portion of the granules supports both manganese dioxide and potassium hydroxide. A second portion of the granules supports both potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide. A third portion of the granules supports phosphoric acid. The different portions operate to catalyze the oxidation of formaldehyde and other contaminants at varying humidity. The potassium hydroxide optionally chemisorbs any carboxylic acid by-products of the formaldehyde. Also provided is a method to treat a gas stream with the filter.

Abstract: An activated carbon composition is disclosed, which includes an activated carbon and a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is prepared by immersing an activated carbon in an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is used for purifying aqueous solutions by providing a bed of the activated carbon composition and passing the aqueous solution through the bed of the activated carbon composition. The aqueous solution is passed through the bed such that the flow of the aqueous solution to be purified into the bed and the flow of purified aqueous solution from the bed has a pH differential less than ±1 pH.

Abstract: Resol beads are disclosed that are prepared in high yield by reaction of a phenol with an aldehyde, with a base as catalyst, in the presence of a colloidal stabilizer, and optionally a surfactant. The resol beads have a variety of uses and may be carbonized and activated to form activated carbon monoliths.

Abstract: The invention relates to filtration media having nanocrystals of metal oxides, encapsulated in or impregnated into a binder matrix, which binds together particles of activated carbon. The filtration media can be compressed into a filtration block, has low pressure drop, and has excellent microbial removal properties.

Abstract: A reactive-adsorptive protective material having an activated carbon adsorbent, including those manufactured from a gel-type ion exchange resin. The activated carbon adsorbent has adsorptive properties for adsorbing chemical impurities. The activated carbon is wettlerized to further impart reactive properties onto the activated carbon for providing protection against blood agents in the atmosphere. Advantageously, a superior reactive-adsorptive material is provided having the ability to neutralize chemical substances, in particular, blood agents, while at the same time not diminishing the effectiveness of the carbon's adsorption capabilities.

Abstract: To produce activated carbon for an electrode of an electric double-layer capacitor, the following steps are carried out sequentially: a step of subjecting a massive mesophase pitch to a pulverizing treatment to provide a pulverized powder; a step of subjecting the pulverized powder to an infusibilizing treatment under conditions of a temperature in a range of 300° C. (inclusive) to 450° C. (inclusive) in the atmospheric air current, a step of subjecting the pulverized powder to a carbonizing treatment under conditions of a temperature in a range of 600° C. (inclusive) to 900° C. (inclusive) in an inert gas current to provide a carbonized powder, a step of subjecting the carbonized powder to an alkali activating treatment under conditions of a temperature in a range of 500° C. (inclusive) to 1,000° C. (inclusive) in an inert gas atmosphere, followed by the post treatments, thereby producing alkali-activated carbon, and a step of subjecting the alkali-activated carbon to a pulverizing treatment.

Abstract: A reactive-adsorptive protective material having an activated carbon adsorbent for adsorbing chemical impurities, wherein nanoparticular entities are loaded into and onto a surface of said activated carbon adsorbent to further impart chemically reactive and biocidal properties onto the activated carbon for providing protection against chemical and biological agents in the atmosphere. Advantageously, a superior reactive-adsorptive material is provided having the ability to kill microorganisms in addition to the ability to neutralize and decompose chemical substances, while at the same time not diminishing the adsorptive/reactive capabilities and effectiveness of either the substrate carbon or the loaded nanoparticular entities used.

Abstract: An activated carbon/metal oxide filter element is disclosed. The filter element may be prepared by blending an activated carbon, a metal oxide, and a binder to form a filter media mixture, shaping the filter media mixture into a filter body. The filter body may be calcined to form a filter element. The activated carbon/metal oxide filter element may be used to remove odorous compounds, acidic gases, and volatile organic compounds from a gas.

Abstract: The present invention involves a carbon-based hydrogen storage material which includes a carbon material, exhibiting a specific surface area, being 1,000 m2/g or more, and a bulk density, being from 0.4 g/cm3 or more to 1 g/cm3 or less. The carbon-based hydrogen storage material is such that the hydrogen storage capacity per unit volume is large. The invention also provides for a hydrogen storage apparatus whose hydrogen storage capacity per unit volume is large. The hydrogen storage apparatus is constituted so as to include a container and a hydrogen absorbing material accommodated in the container, and the hydrogen absorbing material is arranged to include a porous carbon material whose specific surface area is 1,000 m2/g or more, and a hydrogen absorbing alloy.

Abstract: The gas storage method comprises a step of keeping a gas to be stored and an adsorbent in a vessel at a low temperature below the liquefaction temperature of the gas to be stored so that the gas to be stored is adsorbed onto the adsorbent in a liquefied state, a step of introducing into the vessel kept at the low temperature a gaseous or liquid medium with a freezing temperature that is higher than the above-mentioned liquefaction temperature of the gas to be stored, for freezing of the medium, so that the gas to be stored which has been adsorbed onto the adsorbent in a liquefied state is encapsulated by the medium which has been frozen, and a step of keeping the vessel at a temperature higher than the liquefaction temperature and below the freezing temperature.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof. Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: Filter systems that are effective against a broad range of contaminants including HCN, cyanogen chloride (CK), acid contaminants and basic contaminants such as ammonia without the need (but with the option, if desired) for using molybdenum or chromium containing materials. The filtering systems of the present invention include a tungsten-based material and other impregnants incorporated into a substrate such as filter media particles.

Abstract: A method for removing mercury and mercury-containing compounds from a combustion gas in an exhaust gas system has the steps of providing a mercury sorbent; injecting the mercury sorbent into a stream of the mercury-containing combustion gas for a sufficient time to allow at least an effective amount of the mercury and mercury-containing compounds in the combustion gas to adsorb onto the mercury sorbent, and collecting and removing the mercury sorbent from the combustion gas stream. The mercury sorbent is prepared by treating a carbonaceous substrate with an effective amount of a bromine-containing gas, especially one containing elemental bromine or hydrogen bromide, for a time sufficient to increase the ability of the carbonaceous substrate to adsorb mercury and mercury-containing compounds. The points of injecting and collecting and removing the mercury sorbent may be varied, depending upon the exact configuration of the exhaust gas system.

Abstract: A fluid storage and dispensing apparatus, including a fluid storage and dispensing vessel having an interior volume, in which the interior volume contains a physical adsorbent sorptively retaining a fluid thereon and from which the fluid is desorbable for dispensing from the vessel, and a dispensing assembly coupled to the vessel for dispensing desorbed fluid from the vessel. The physical adsorbent includes a monolithic carbon physical adsorbent that is characterized by at least one of the following characteristics: (a) a fill density measured for arsine gas at 25° C. and pressure of 650 torr that is greater than 400 grams arsine per liter of adsorbent; (b) at least 30% of overall porosity of the adsorbent including slit-shaped pores having a size in a range of from about 0.3 to about 0.72 nanometer, and at least 20% of the overall porosity including micropores of diameter <2 nanometers; and (c) having been formed by pyrolysis and optional activation, at temperature(s) below 1000° C.

Abstract: An adsorption bed arrangement includes a plurality of adsorption elements, a housing, and a gasket member. Each of the adsorption elements has a first adsorptive media and a second adsorptive media, which remove different contaminants from an incoming air stream. For example, the first adsorptive media removes acidic contaminants and the second adsorptive media removes basic contaminants. The housing defines an interior, a plurality of inlet openings, and a plurality of outlet openings. The adsorption elements are positioned within the housing interior and the housing is selectively openable to provide access to the adsorption elements. A method for changing the media includes removing an access panel from the adsorption bed housing to expose a cover member covering an end of an adsorption element; removing the cover member to expose media within the element; and pouring the media from the element.

Abstract: A system and method for sorption and desorption of molecular gas contained by storage sites of graphite nano-filaments randomly disposed in three-dimensional reticulated aerogel.

Abstract: The invention provides reactive sorbents and methods of making and using the same in order to decontaminate surfaces contaminated with toxic agents, such as chemical warfare agents and/or industrial toxins. The reactive sorbents are of two general types, one of which comprises dehydroxylated aluminum oxide and the other comprises porous carbon impregnated with a reactive solution, so that both sorbents take up and then detoxify toxic agents.

Abstract: An adsorption powder useful for the removal of mercury and other metals, as well as furans, dioxins and other organic compounds from gaseous streams. The powder may be characterized as containing a carbon-based powder and an effective amount of cupric chloride suitable for removing metals and organic compounds from high temperature and moisture gaseous streams. The powder may contain calcium hydroxide, sulfur, potassium permanganate, potassium iodide, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for purifying breathing air using a carbon-based monolith structure impregnated with copper, silver, zinc, and molybdenum species and triethylenediamine, wherein the monolith structure is impregnated by a multiple step process. The method of impregnation results in a carbon-based monolith structure that purifies nuclear, biological, or chemical contaminants under conditions of high flow rate and low pressure drop.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a product of activated carbon fiber supporting silver has the steps of: a) Impregnate activated carbon fibers in a silver acetate solution under a vacuum condition for a predetermined time to deposit silver on surfaces of the activated carbon fibers via a chemical reaction. And then, dry the activated carbon fibers to remove water therein. b) Heat the activated carbon fibers in a stove filled with protective gas to break the silver on the activated carbon fibers into very fine grains, and c) wash the activated carbon fibers to remove redundant sliver from the surfaces of the activated carbon fibers.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition which is effective in the prevention or delay of the onset of side effects associated with alcohol consumption or the reduction or alleviation of those effects. The composition of the invention includes activated charcoal and limestone, optionally activated limestone. Optionally, the composition of the invention also includes vitamin B1 and/or other agents such as fatigue relieving agents. Preferably, the composition of the invention is provided in the form of tablets or powder encapsulated in a gelatin capsule. The composition of the invention is provided in pre-dosed quantities varying from between about 100 and 500 milligrams per dose. The invention also provides a method of reducing or alleviating the deleterious effects associated with alcohol consumption.

Abstract: Nitrogen is fed into a sealed container (18) to expel oxygen (step 1) and, in such a state, the inside temperature of the container (18) is incrementally raised step by a heater built into the container (18). In sequential steps 2 through 5, Water content, chlorine, and high-molecular gases are extracted. Reusable carbon and metal remain in the container (18) in step 6, or when left standing for a prescribed time or more. Gases extracted in steps 2 to 5 can be liquefied for recycling. No carbon dioxide or dioxins are produced because heating is performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere. A furnace is not required because the heater is installed in the container (18), and treatment efficiency is high. A space-saving, energy-efficient, and low-cost treatment system, by which carbon (e.g., inert carbon), metals, and the like can be recovered in a reusable state without producing carbon dioxide or dioxins, is obtained.

Abstract: A method for preparing an adsorbent composition for removal of mercury from an environment. A quantity of activated carbon is treated with a protein having a net negative charge to obtain a negative surface charge. Gold is plated on a treated portion of the quantity of activated carbon to form an adsorbent for the removal of mercury. The gold is plated on the activated carbon by electroless gold plating. The electroless gold plating includes adsorbing tin ions onto the treated portion of the quantity of activated carbon, adsorbing silver atoms onto the adsorbed tin, and substituting gold atoms for the adsorbed silver. The gold forms a chemical amalgam with mercury and thereby can be used to remove mercury from industrial emissions.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: A photocatalytic active carbon capable of demonstrating a stable deodorizing and adsorbing ability for a prolonged period of time is produced by depositing a coating of a photocatalyst on the surface of the active carbon by means of vapor deposition. Colored photocatalytic active carbon coloring active carbon including the photocatalytic active carbon, which while maintaining the adsorbing action and the decomposing and sterilizing action, comes to be rich in color variations and capable of improving visual design and handling are produced by subjecting the surface of the active carbon to coloring treatment and/or treatment with a compound having coloring or discoloring properties upon hydration.

Abstract: A reactive-adsorptive protective material having an activated carbon adsorbent, including those manufactured from a gel-type ion exchange resin. The activated carbon adsorbent has adsorptive properties for adsorbing chemical impurities. The activated carbon is wettlerized to further impart reactive properties onto the activated carbon for providing protection against blood agents in the atmosphere. Advantageously, a superior reactive-adsorptive material is provided having the ability to neutralize chemical substances, in particular, blood agents, while at the same time not diminishing the effectiveness of the carbon's adsorption capabilities.

Abstract: A reactive-adsorptive protective material having an activated carbon adsorbent for adsorbing chemical impurities, wherein nanoparticular entities are loaded into and onto a surface of said activated carbon adsorbent to further impart chemically reactive and biocidal properties onto the activated carbon for providing protection against chemical and biological agents in the atmosphere. Advantageously, a superior reactive-adsorptive material is provided having the ability to kill microorganisms in addition to the ability to neutralize and decompose chemical substances, while at the same time not diminishing the adsorptive/reactive capabilities and effectiveness of either the substrate carbon or the loaded nanoparticular entities used.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for cleaning a harmful gas which comprises bringing the harmful gas containing as a harmful component, an organosilicon compound represented by the general formula: CH2CH—SiR3, CH2CH—Si(OR)3, CH2CHCH2—SiR3 or CH2CHCH2—Si(OR)3, wherein R indicates a saturated hydrocarbon group or an aromatic compound group, into contact with a cleaning agent comprising activated carbon adhesively incorporated with at least one species selected from the group consisting of bromine, iodine, a metal bromide and a metal iodide in which the metal is exemplified by copper, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, aluminum and tin; and a cleaning agent comprising the same. The cleaning process and the cleaning agent enable to practically clean a harmful gas which is exhausted from a semiconductor manufacturing process and the like by the use of a dry cleaning process.

Abstract: A formed activated carbon has a Kiya crushing strength of 1 kg or more and a specific heat of 0.4 J/K·cc or more at 25° C.

Abstract: A process is provided for the transport and storage of hydrogen by reversible sorption and containment within carbon-metal hybrid materials. The process comprises contacting a carbon-metal hybrid composition with a hydrogen-containing gas at conditions of temperature and pressure whereby the carbon-metal hybrid composition sorbs the hydrogen gas. The hydrogen that is sorbed in the carbon-metal composition is subsequently released by lowering the H2 pressure and/or increasing the temperature to levels which cause desorption of the hydrogen gas.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic active carbon capable of demonstrating a stable deodorizing and adsorbing ability for a prolonged period of time by forming and carrying a coating of a photocatalyst on the surface of the active carbon by means of vapor deposition, and a further object is to provide colored photocatalytic active carbon and coloring active carbon including the photocatalytic active carbon, which while maintaining the adsorbing action and the decomposing and sterilizing action, comes to be rich in color variations and capable of improving visual design and handling by subjecting the surface of the active carbon to coloring treatment and/or treatment with a compound having coloring or discoloring properties upon hydration, as well as a deodorant and adsorption product using the same.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of sulphur trioxide, solutions of sulphuric acid, or organic derivatives thereof, using organic compounds and/or supercritical fluids, and catalyst. The process comprises the steps of passing a mixture of SO2 and an oxygen-containing gas over an activated carbon catalyst at a temperature of at least 15° C. and preferably at a pressure of 1-200 atmospheres, and stripping the activated carbon with either (i) a liquid organic compound selected from the group consisting of ketones, ethers, decalin, tetrahydrofurans, sulpholanes, glymes and formamides and which is non-reactive with sulphur trioxide or sulphuric acid, or (ii) a liquid organic compound capable of forming organic sulphates or sulphonates by reaction with sulphur trioxide or sulphuric acid. The process may be used to obtain sulphuric acid, or organic sulphates or sulphonates.

Abstract: A bromine-impregnated activated carbon wherein the contents of any alkali metal, any alkali earth metal and iron are not higher than 0.3 wt % and the content of bromine is not lower than 3 wt %, with respect to the weight of a material activated carbon. The bromine-impregnated activated carbon has improved adsorption characteristics to the alkyl sulfides, which have not been sufficiently removed by activated carbons prepared by the conventional techniques. Further, variations in the absorption characteristics can be reduced and the activated carbon can exhibit a stable performance in removing the alkyl sulfides.

Abstract: A solid combination of elemental sulfur and an inorganic support material prepared in an inert atmosphere to provide a composition for absorbing trialkyl arsines. The composition prepared thereby and the method for absorbing trialkyl arsines using the composition.

Abstract: Thionyl chloride is a hazardous and reactive chemical used as the liquid cathode in commercial primary batteries. Contrary to previous thinking, ASZM-TEDA® carbon (Calgon Corporation) reversibly absorbs thionyl chloride. Thus, several candidate materials were examined as irreversible getters for thionyl chloride. The capacity, rate and effect of temperature were also explored. A wide variety of likely materials were investigated through screening experiments focusing on the degree of heat generated by the reaction as well as the material absorption capacity and irreversibility, in order to help narrow the group of possible getter choices. More thorough, quantitative measurements were performed on promising materials. The best performing getter was a mixture of ZnO and ASZM-TEDA® carbon. In this example, the ZnO reacts with thionyl chloride to form ZnCl2 and SO2. The SO2 is then irreversibly gettered by ASZM-TEDA® carbon.

Abstract: An oxygen-absorbing composition containing particulate annealed electrolytically reduced iron of between about 100 mesh and 325 mesh in an amount of about up to 63% by weight, a salt such as sodium chloride in an amount by weight of about up to 3.5%, and a water-supplying component comprising activated carbon. with liquid water therein of a mesh size of between about 20 mesh and 50 mesh in an amount by weight of up to about 85% in an envelope which will resist the passage of liquid water out of the envelope but will permit flow of oxygen into the envelope at a satisfactory rate.

Abstract: A polymer-bonded granular adsorptive, absorptive, chemisorptive, or catalytically active material and a process for producing molded bodies from this material. An objective was to develop a polymer-bonded granular adsorptive, absorptive, chemisorptive, or catalytically active material which is capable of forming an open-pore and sorptive foamed body at increased temperatures while not reducing the specific surface of the active material and with a binding effect only during the mixing and processing phases, as well as a process for producing molded bodies from this material. This objective was met by mixing and processing an adsorptive, absorptive, chemisorptive, or catalytically active fine-grained material together with a finely particulate, meltable polyethylene with the addition of a binding agent having an oligocondensate basis.