Abstract: The invention is a catalyst comprising a titanium or vanadium zeolite, a binder, and zinc oxide, wherein the catalyst is preparing an aqueous mixture of the zeolite, a binder source, and a zinc oxide source, and subjecting the mixture to rapid drying. The catalyst is useful in olefin epoxidation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst containing titanium in bonded form, non-crystalline silicon dioxide and at least one crystalline silicate phase which has a zeolite structure, wherein the non-crystalline silicon dioxide is applied to at least one of the crystalline silicate phases which have a zeolite structure and wherein at least one of the crystalline silicate phases which have a zeolite structure contains silicon-carbon bonds with which non-hydrolytically separable organic groups R are bonded to silicon. Furthermore, the present invention provides a process for preparing this catalyst and a process for producing an epoxide from a compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (preferably from propene) comprising reacting the compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the catalyst according to the invention.

Abstract: A catalyst system that exhibits a ratio of ethylene saturation to aromatics ring saturation of greater than 3,500. The catalyst system comprises two components and each component comprises a crystalline molecular sieve having a Constraint Index of from about 1 to about 12 and an effective amount of Group VIII metal. The catalyst system finds particular application in ethylbenzene conversion/xylenes isomerization reactions. The catalyst system can be prepared by incorporating the Group VIII metal into the molecular sieves by competitive ion exchange.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst formed by having a first rhodium-containing catalyst layer, a second zeolite-containing catalyst layer, and a third palladium-containing catalyst layer superposed sequentially on a carrier, and a process for purifying the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine by using the catalyst. A catalyst possessing durability and excelling in the ability to adsorb hydrocarbon, the ability to purify, and the three-way performance is provided.

Abstract: A catalyst is described based on crystalline aluminosilicates of the pentasil type, characterized in that it is constructed from primary crystallites with an average diameter of at least 0.01 ?m and less than 0.1 ?m, that are combined to at least 20% to agglomerates of 5 to 500 ?m, in which the primary crystallites or agglomerates are bonded together by finely divided aluminum oxide, that its BET surface is 300 to 600 m2/g and its pore volume (determined according to mercury porosimetry) is 0.3 to 0.8 cm3/g, that it is present in H form and that the amount of finely divided aluminum oxide binder is 10 to 40 wt. %, referred to the total weight of the aluminosilicate, in which the finely divided aluminum oxide binder is used in the reaction charge as peptizable aluminum oxide hydrate, sodium aluminate being used as aluminum and alkali source, and primary synthesis of the crystalline aluminosilicate occurs without addition of acid.

Abstract: A catalyst in which X-ray diffraction intensity ratio of the crystal lattice plane spacing d-value of 0.196±0.002 nm to the crystal lattice plane spacing d-value of 0.386±0.008 nm is in a range from 7:100 to 35:100 and a process for making the catalyst to contact with ethylbenzene containing xylenes in the presence of hydrogen.

Abstract: Provided herein are monocomponent and hybrid catalyst compositions for use in steam-cracking of hydrocarbon feeds to selectively produce light olefins. The catalyst compositions being characterized by a first catalytic component comprising oxides of aluminum, silicon, chromium, and optionally, oxides of monovalent alkaline metals, and further comprising a binder, preferably bentonite clay. Preferably, the catalyst compositions will comprise a catalytic component in accordance with the following formula: (a) SiO2·(b) A12O3·(c) Cr2O3(d) alk2O, with alk being a monovalent alkaline metal, preferably selected from sodium, potassium and lithium. The second catalytic component is selected from a crystalline zeolite or a silica molecular sieve. Also provided in the present invention are methods of making the catalyst compositions.

Abstract: Porous materials are disclosed for use in the catalytic conversion of exhaust gases comprising a carrier including a first porous structure, an oxidation catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation of NO to NO2 in the presence of oxygen and catalyzing the oxidation of reducing agent, the oxidation catalyst enclosed within the first porous structure, the first porous structure including pores having dimensions such that the reducing agent is substantially prevented from contacting the oxidation catalyst, whereby the oxidation catalyst primarily catalyses the oxidation of NO to NO2 as compared to oxidation of the reducing agent during the catalytic conversion of the exhaust gases. Methods for catalytic conversion or exhaust gases using these materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst comprising macrostructures having a three-dimensional network of particles comprised of porous inorganic material. The particles of the macrostructures occupy less than 75% of the total volume of the macrostructures and are joined together to form a three-dimensional interconnected network comprised of pores having diameters greater than about 20 ?. The macrostructures can be made by forming an admixture containing a porous organic ion exchanger and a synthesis mixture capable of forming the porous inorganic material; converting the synthesis mixture to the porous inorganic material; and removing the porous organic ion exchanger from the inorganic material.

Abstract: A filter system for adsorbing contaminants from an exhaust stream from a molten carbonate fuel cell including a filter substrate, a high surface area inorganic adsorbent secured to the filter substrate by an inorganic binder and an inorganic acid secured to the filter substrate. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the filter system for filtering exhaust gas from the molten carbonate fuel cell and a process for using the filtering system in a molten carbonate fuel cell system.

Abstract: An FCC catalyst which not only deactivates catalyst poison metals, such as nickel, vanadium and the like, in feedstock oils, inhibits the generation of hydrogen or coke, has excellent cracking activity and bottom oil-treating ability, and can yield a gasoline and LCO fraction in high yields, but also retains the performances on a high level over long and has an improved catalyst life; and an FCC method using the catalyst. The FCC catalyst has a compound of a bivalent metal or of bivalent and trivalent metals showing an XRD pattern of a carbonate of the bivalent metal; an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein; or an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein together with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, and relates to an FCC method in which at least one of the catalysts are used in combination with an FCC catalyst obtained by evenly dispersing a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in an inorganic oxide matrix.

Abstract: An improved catalytic composite and process are disclosed for the selective disproportionation of toluene. The process uses a layered composite comprising a catalytically active core which comprises a zeolitic aluminosilicate having a SiO2:Al2O3 ratio of 8 to 50 and a relatively inactive protective mantle which preferably comprises boralite. Optionally, the composite is selectively precoked prior to toluene disproportionation. The composite and process provide improved selectivity for the production of paraxylene.

Abstract: There is provided a coated zeolite catalyst in which the accessibility of the acid sites on the external surfaces of the zeolite is controlled and a process for converting hydrocarbons utilizing the coated zeolite catalyst. The zeolite catalyst comprises core crystals of a first zeolite and a discontinuous layer of smaller size second crystals of a second zeolite which cover at least a portion of the external surface of the first crystals The coated zeolite catalyst finds particular application in hydrocarbon conversion processes where catalyst activity in combination with zeolite structure are important for reaction selectivity, e.g., catalytic cracking, alkylation, disproportional of toluene, isomerization, and transalkylation reactions.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying exhaust gases, which enables the HC-purification performance to be further improved by suitably arranging an HC-adsorbent. The catalyst includes a coating layer which is composed of alumina and zeolite, and carries a noble metal. The weight ratio of alumina and zeolite in the coating layer ranges from 5:1 to 1:1. Zeolite adsorbs HC when exhaust gases are in a low temperature region, and HC desorbed from zeolite is oxidized and purified with the noble metal.

Abstract: There is provided a zeolite bound zeolite catalyst which does not contain significant amount of non-zeolitic binder and can be tailored to optimize its performance and a process for converting hydrocarbons utilizing the zeolite bound zeolite catalyst. The zeolite bound zeolite catalyst comprises core crystals containing first crystals of a first zeolite and optionally second crystals of a second zeolite having a composition, structure type, or both that is different from said first zeolite and binder crystals containing third crystals of a third zeolite and optionally fourth crystals of a fourth zeolite having a composition, structure type, or both that is different from said third zeolite. If the core crystals do not contain the second crystals of the second zeolite, then the binder crystals must contain the fourth crystals of the fourth zeolite. The zeolite bound zeolite finds application in hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g.

Abstract: A NOx, catalyst combination for treating a lean exhaust gas stream comprising an alkaline earth-alumina catalyst and an alkaline earth-zeolite catalyst, arranged on a substrate such that the gas stream first contacts the alkaline earth-alumina catalyst prior to contacting the alkaline earth-zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided catalysts and conversion processes for converting hydrocarbons using the catalysts. The catalysts comprises a first alumino-phosphospho-molecular sieves and a binder comprising a second alumino-phopho-molecular sieves. Exemplary conversion processes include the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, dewaxing, reforming, dealkylation, dehydrogenation, transalkylation, alkylation, and isomerization.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst is constructed by laminating sequentially a first layer containing alumina, a second layer containing hydrocarbon adsorbent, and a third layer containing catalytic components on a monolithic support in which a cell sectional shape is a polygon. The second layer has a ratio Lmax/Lmin of a thickest portion (Lmax) at cell corner portions to a thinnest portion (Lmin) at cell flat portions in a range of 1 to 10, and has a thickness of 10 to 500 &mgr;m. The catalyst can achieve the purification of HC, CO, and NOx with good balance, and improve the purification performance of cold HC by controlling a diffusion speed of the exhaust gases that pass through cells in a support and diffuse into a coating layer.

Abstract: Method of preparing zeolite single crystals comprising the step of

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a catalyst composition which comprises, as first cracking component, a zeolite beta, and a second cracking component selected from (i) crystalline molecular sieves having pores with diameters greater than 0.6 nm, (ii) clays, and (iii) amorphous cracking components, the process comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a mixture comprising the first cracking component and a gelatin material, and mixing intimately, (b) mulling with the second cracking component, and (c) extruding the mixture of step (b) into catalyst extrudates, and calcining the extrudates.

Abstract: A process for the production of a controlled supported zeolite membrane comprises: (a) forming a gel which is principally localised at the surface of a porous support by bringing it into contact, in succession, with two immiscible liquids which contain the agents necessary for formation of said gel, then (b) crystallising the zeolite from said gel and finally (c) eliminating the residual agents. The supported zeolite membranes obtained are advantageously used in continuous gas separation processes.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and structure containing the same and methods for treating diesel exhaust including a catalyst comprising a precious metal on a support, a first zeolite component in the presence of a precious metal and a second zeolite component comprising a zeolite and a precious metal, and a non-catalytic pore-containing zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a molecular sieve composite membrane, which includes an anodic alumina membrane as a support and the uni-directionally oriented molecular sieve membrane grown in situ on the anodic alumina membrane. The close packing transitional metal containing aluminophosphate AFI molecular sieve crystals have successfully been grown on the anodic alumina. The molecular sieve phase bounded strongly and anchored into the anodic alumina membrane. Besides, the specific cylindrical channels of the anodic alumina membrane provides the template function to orient the growth of molecular sieves.

Abstract: There is provided a zeolite bound zeolite catalyst which does not contain significant amounts of non-zeolitic binder and a process for converting hydrocarbons utilizing the zeolite bound zeolite catalyst. The catalyst comprises first zeolite, crystals, a binder comprising second zeolite crystals and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation metal. The zeolite bound zeolite catalyst is prepared by converting the silica binder of a silica bound aggregate containing the first crystals of said first zeolite and at least a portion of the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation metal to said second zeolite. The zeolite bound zeolite catalyst has excellent performance when used in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as naphtha reforming and xylenes isomerization/ethylbenzene conversion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst composition, and a hydrocarbon conversion process in which it is used, comprising as first cracking component a zeolite beta having a silica to alumina molar ratio of at least 20 which is in the form of crystals less than 100 nm in size; a second cracking component selected from (i) crystalline molecular sieves having pores with diameters greater than 0.6 nm, (ii) crystalline, mesoporous aluminosilicates having pores with diameters of at least 1.3 nm, and (iii) clays; and at least one hydrogenation component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of catalysts or catalyst additives by kneading and/or grinding, spray-drying and heat-treating a suspension containing a catalytically active component as well as aluminum hydroxide and/or one or more aluminum hydroxy compound(s) and other binding agent(s) and optionally kaolin(ite), which comprises using one or more aluminum-containing silicic acid modification(s) of formula (I),H.sub.4+y-z ?(SiO.sub.4/2).sub.x-y (AlO.sub.4/2).sub.y (SiO.sub.3/2 O).sub.4-z (AlO.sub.3/2).sub.z !, (I)wherein y is less than 1; z is less than 1; and x is 0, 4, 10, or 16 to 18, instead of the kaolin(ite) or a part thereof to be used as filling material. The process and the catalysts or catalyst additives render it possible to increase the butene fraction of cracked products.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition comprising at least one matrix, at least one faujasite type zeolite and at least one TON type zeolite. The TON type zeolite can be Nu-10, THETA-1, KZ-2, or ISI-1. The catalyst also contains at least one hydrogenating element from groups VIII and VI.The catalyst is particularly for use for hydrocracking to maximize the yield of middle distillates (kerosine and gas oil).

Abstract: A catalyst composition which comprises a crystalline metallosilicate having the structure of zeolite Beta, phosphorus and a matrix that is substantially free of crystalline aluminum phosphate which has improved resistance to steam deactivation and which has higher cracking activity than analogous catalysts prepared without phosphorus. The crystalline metallosilicate may be used in the as-synthesized form or in the calcined form. Also included is the method to produce the catalyst composition and methods for the use of catalysts prepared by the present method in organic conversion processes. Specific embodiments of the invention involve various techniques for preparation of catalysts containing phosphorus and crystalline metallosilicates having the structure of zeolite Beta. Catalysts prepared according to the method of this invention are useful for organic compound, e.g., hydrocarbon compound, conversion processes.

Abstract: A process for shape selective hydrocarbon conversion involves contacting a hydrocarbon feedsteam under conversion conditions with a modified catalytic molecular sieve which has been modified by being pre-selectivated with a first silicon source, then steamed. The feedstream may also contain a second silicon source which is a high efficiency para-xylene selectivating agent. The method for modifying the molecular sieve is also described.

Abstract: A catalyst includes or consists essentially of the oxides of silicon, aluminum and titanium, characterized in that the catalyst particles are built up from a core with the composition (SiO.sub.2).sub.y (AlO.sub.2).sub.y M.sub.y, wherein x/y=10 to .infin. and M=H, Na, K, NH.sub.4, or NR.sub.4, wherein R is a C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, and a shell with the composition (SiO.sub.2).sub.n (TiO.sub.2).sub.m, wherein n/m=12 to 1000. Both the core and the shell have a crystal structure of MFI or MEL. The catalyst can be prepared by preparing a synthesis gel for the preparation of a titanium silicalite, thereafter introducing an aluminosilicate of the MFI or MEL structural type into this synthesis gel, and working up the synthesis gel in a known manner to obtain the product.

Abstract: A physically intermixed catalyst system comprising two distinctly different catalytic particles, the first of which is a hydrodenitrification and/or hydrodesulfurization catalyst and the second of which is a relatively active hydrocracking catalyst, wherein the catalyst particles of both catalytic components are substantially the same size, that is the effective diameter of each catalyst component is substantially the same. The catalyst system of the present invention can be layered with unmixed catalysts. The novel systems of the present invention have been found to provide surprisingly good selectivity for liquid products and stability against catalyst fouling when used in combined hydrotreating and hydrocracking applications, and can therefore be used to provide a stable catalyst system which offers even heat distribution and reactor control in such applications.

Abstract: Low acidity titania-bound molecular sieve, e.g., zeolite compositions, for example, titania-bound zeolite Beta and titania-bound ZSM-5, possessing superior physical properties, e.g., crush strength are described. Since low acidity titanium oxide-bound catalysts exhibit lower binder activity than alumina-bound zeolite catalysts, the former are particularly useful in hydrocarbon conversion processes in which reduced coke make increases catalyst cycle length. Due to their stability in acid environments, the low acidity titania oxide-bound molecular sieve extrudate herein can be acid treated without unduly compromising its structural integrity.

Abstract: Large zeolite and zeolite-like molecular sieve crystals of from 3 to 500 .mu.m are fixed on moldings by a process in which an adhesion promoter is used or the moldings are softened.

Abstract: A catalytic convertor for treating exhaust gas includes a first catalyst layer formed on a base material and a second catalyst layer formed on the first catalyst layer. The first catalyst layer is composed of metal-containing silicate provided with transition metal by ion exchange and at least one precious metal borne on the silicate, and the second catalyst layer is composed of metal-containing silicate provided with transition metal by ion exchange and at least one metal borne on the silicate which is selected from the group consisting of Zr, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Y, Fe, Ni, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, Ba, Mg, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Tb and differs from the transition metal provided on the silicate by ion exchange.

Abstract: A process for converting catalytic cracking catalyst fines to a shaped composition comprises acid-treatment of catalytic cracking catalyst fines, followed by separation and drying of the acid-treated fines; preparing a shapable mixture by mixing the dried catalyst fines with calcium aluminate, sodium silicate, phosphoric acid and water; shaping (preferably extruding) the obtained shapable mixture; and drying and thereafter calcining the obtained shaped particles. A shaped composition having high crash strength is obtained by this process.

Abstract: A process for producing zeolite aggregates involves providing a formable paste composed of zeolite, a binder composed of an organic/metal oxide containing aluminum, a peptizing agent and water; forming the paste into an aggregate, preferably by extruding into an extrudate; curing the aggregate; hydro-thermally calcining the aggregate; and washing the hydro-thermally calcined aggregate with a washing medium, preferably followed by rinsing with a rinsing medium to remove residual washing medium from the aggregate. The washed and rinsed aggregate may then be permitted to equilibrate or is subjected to a drying procedure. Preferably, the washed and rinsed aggregate is again subjected to curing/hydro-thermal calcining.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking catalyst for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock at elevated temperature in the substantial absence of hydrogen, into lower average molecular weight, lower boiling hydrocarbons useful as transportation fuels. The catalyst is a composite of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in concentration ranging as high as about 80 percent, based on the total weight of the catalyst, within a mesoporous silica-alumina matrix. The matrix, preferably, is constituted of silica sols modified by alumina and clay and it is characterized as of polymodal pore size distribution, as measured by mercury porosimetry, a first mode wherein at least 75 percent, preferably about 80 percent to 90 percent, of the pore volume measured between 45 Angstroms and 2000 Angstroms is in pores greater than 160 Angstroms in diameter, and a second mode wherein up to about 20 percent of the pore diameters are greater than 100 Angstroms but less than 160 Angstroms in diameter.

Abstract: Molecular sieve agglomerates exhibiting reduced pore mouth blockage and decreased diffusivity resistance to the internal sieve pores result from coating, prior to addition of a binding agent to the sieve, the molecular sieve particles with an organic polymer, fixing the polymer to the sieve surface so that it exhibits no migratory tendencies and subsequently removing the coating by combustion during calcination of the formed agglomerate. Such agglomerates showed enhanced activity and selectivity in typical refining processes such as dewaxing and fluid catalytic cracking.

Abstract: A molecular sieve material is combined with a porous carrier material. The pores of the molecular sieve material are impermeable to molecules or organisms having a size equal to or greater than that of the water molecule either because the molecular sieve material is selected so as to have pores which are smaller than such molecule or because the pores of the molecular sieve material are closed by a film. The pores of the molecular sieve material thus remain unoccupied and are able to exert an attractive force on molecules or organisms which are to be captured. The pores of the carrier material are designed to accept molecules or organisms having a size equal to or greater than that of the water molecule so that, when such molecules or organisms are attracted by the molecular sieve material, they can be trapped in the carrier material.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a catalyst suited to the aromatization reaction of light hydrocarbons. Such a heterogeneous catalyst contains zinc bound to a zeolite support material. The catalyst in accordance with the invention is prepared by adsorbing the zinc onto the surface of the zeolite support material directly from the vapor phase by way of chemisorption. The zeolite compound acting thus as the support material is here heated to a temperature which is above the condensation temperature of the zinc vapor. Advantageously, the preparation has been carried out at temperatures above 390.degree. C. The zinc vapor has been brought to contact the zeolite support material, whereby the vapor pressure of zinc is maintained sufficiently high and the duration of its interaction with the support material sufficiently long so as to provide at least one equal amount of or, preferably, an excess of zinc in relation to the available binding sites of the support material.

Abstract: This invention provides a layered catalyst system for hydro-denitrification of hydrocarbons, such as vacuum gas oil, used for hydrocracking to produce various fuels. The layered catalyst system of this invention comprises a first layer of a nickel-molybdenum-phosphorus/alumina catalyst or a cobalt-molybdenum-phosphorus/alumina catalyst and a second layer catalyst comprising a nickel-tungsten/silica-alumina-zeolite or a nickel-molybdenum/silica-alumina-zeolite catalyst. The preferred aspects of the combination of the layered catalysts disclosed herein are: (a) the first layer alumina catalyst has a molybdenum content greater than about 14% by wt.; (b) the first layer alumina catalyst has a relatively large pore size, such as at least about 60 .ANG.; and (c) the second layer catalyst contains at least about 2% of a zeolite component. The layered catalyst system of this invention and the attendant process produces improved denitrification of feedstocks, improved catalyst life and other advantages.

Abstract: Molecular sieve agglomerates that can have improved physical and chemical properties are prepared by methods which comprise contacting the agglomerates with an alkali metal silicate solution. Molecular sieve agglomerates which comprise binders such as kaolin can additionally be contacted with an alkali hydroxide solution to convert the kaolin to Zeolite A prior to contacting the agglomerates with the alkali metal silicate solution to further improve properties. The molecular sieve agglomerates prepared according to the present invention are suitable for use as refrigerant desiccants.

Abstract: Molecular sieve agglomerates that can have improved physical and chemical properties are prepared by methods which comprise contacting the agglomerates with an alkali metal silicate solution. Molecular sieve agglomerates which comprise binders such as kaolin can additionally be contacted with an alkali hydroxide solution to convert the kaolin to Zeolite A prior to contacting the agglomerates with the alkali metal silicate solution to further improve properties. The molecular sieve agglomerates prepared according to the present invention are suitable for use as refrigerant desiccants.

Abstract: This invention provides a layered catalyst system for hydro-denitrification of hydrocarbons, such as vacuum gas oil, used for hydrocracking to produce various fuels. The layered catalyst system of this invention comprises a first layer of a nickel-molybdenum-phosphorus/alumina catalyst or a cobalt-molybdenum-phosphorus/alumina catalyst and a second layer catalyst comprising a nickel-tungsten/silica-alumina-zeolite or a nickel-molybdenum/silica-alumina-zeolite catalyst. The preferred aspects of the combination of the layered catalysts disclosed herein are: (a) the first layer alumina catalyst has a molybdenum content greater than about 14% by wt.; (b) the first layer alumina catalyst has a relatively large pore size, such as at least about 60 .ANG.; and (c) the second layer catalyst contains at least about 2% of a zeolite component. The layered catalyst system of this invention and the attendant process produces improved denitrification of feedstocks, improved catalyst life and other advantages.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which comprises a crystalline zeolite, discrete particles of phosphorus containing alumina, particularly an alkaline earth metal phosphate containing alumina, dispersed in a non-zeolitic inorganic oxide matrix. A catalytic cracking process utilizing the catalyst is also provided. Such phosphate treated catalysts exhibit increased attrition resistance.

Abstract: An aromatization catalyst is obtained by physical mixing of a pentasil type zeolite, for example H-ZSM-5 and a zinc oxide-alumina co-precipitate. The weight ratio of the zeolite to the co-precipitate ranges from 4.3 to 28.3. The Zn/Al atomic ratio in the co-precipitate may range from about 0.16 to 25.0. The composite catalyst yields greater amounts of aromatics, particularly BTX aromatics, when contacted with an olefinic and/or paraffinic feedstock than the respective zeolite alone.

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one spinel, preferably alkaline earth metal-containing spinel; thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxides exiting the catalyst regeneration zone.Improved hydrocarbon conversion catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalysts which contain a basic alkaline earth metal component in amounts greater than 5 percent by weight (expressed as the oxides) are used to crack hydrocarbon feedstocks that contain substantial quantities of metals such as vanadium, nickel, copper and iron. In a particularly preferred embodiment natural or synthetic particulate magnesium oxide (MgO) containing composites such as dolomite or a formed particulate coprecipitated magnesia-silica cogel (MgO.SiO.sub.2) having a substantial intra-particle pore volume in pores ranging from about 200-10,000 .ANG. in diameter and an average pore diameter greater than about 400 .ANG. in the 200-10,000 .ANG. diameter range is mixed with a zeolite containing fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) either as an integral component of the catalyst particle or as a separate additive.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalysts which contain a basic alkaline earth metal component in amounts greater than 5 percent by weight (expressed as the oxides) are used to crack hydrocarbon feedstocks that contain substantial quantities of metals such as vanadium, nickel, copper and iron. In a particularly preferred embodiment natural or synthetic particulate magnesium oxide (MgO) containing composites such as dolomite or a formed particulate coprecipitated magnesia-silica cogel (MgO.SiO.sub.2) having a substantial intra-particle pore volume in pores ranging from about 200-10,000 .ANG. in diameter and an average pore diameter greater than about 400 .ANG. in the 200-10,000 .ANG. diameter range is mixed with a zeolite containing fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) either as an integral component of the catalyst particle or as a separate additive.

Abstract: ZSM-5 crystallites are produced with very low levels of blocking tetrapropyl ammonium ions (Q). The reaction mixture contains sources of silica, soda, alumina and trace amounts of Q ions as nucleation agents. Because the crystallites as synthesized from the aqueous medium exhibit only a very small fraction of blocking cations, there is always a diffusion path for the hydrated sodium ions to be exchanged without the need of prior removal of the blocking cations by calcination or otherwise. The small size crystallites can be exchanged, blended with other materials, and formed into catalyst particles. The silica to alumina ratio can be varied and when no aluminum is added, silicalite may be formed. The systhesis can be done in 24 hours or less.