Abstract: Parasiticidally active avermectin derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 stands for hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-5 -alkanoyloxy, .alpha.-L-oleandrosyloxy, .alpha.-L-oleandrosyl-.alpha.-L-oleandrosyloxy, 4'-C.sub.1-5 -alkanoyl-.alpha.-oleandrosyloxy or 4"-C.sub.1-5 -alkanoyl-.alpha.-L-oleandrosyl-.alpha.-L-oleandrosyloxy,R.sup.2 stands for hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-5 -alkanoyloxy, or R.sup.2 stands for hydrogen when there is a double bond between C22 and C23,R.sup.3 stands for straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl, andR.sup.4 stands for hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-5 -alkanoyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyloxy, or the bond between the C atoms C22 and C23 is a single or a double bond and the double bond of the cyclohexene ring can be between the C atoms C3 and C4 or between the C atoms C4 and C5.

Abstract: 8,9 and/or 14,15 epoxidized and 5-acylated milbemycins and avermectins are prepared from the parent milbemycins and avermectins by epoxidation and acylation (in either order). They have enhanced anthelmintic, acaricidal and insecticidal activities.

Abstract: There are disclosed avermectin derivatives with a hydroxy and hydrocarbon substituents at the 5, 10, 13, 23, 4' and 4" positions which are prepared by the reaction of the 5, 10, 13, 23, 4' or 4" ketone compound with an organo-metallic Grignard reagent. The compounds are potent antiparasitic and anthelmintic agents in human and animal therapy and are potent pesticidical agents against agricultural pests. Compositions containing such compounds as the active agent are also disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin derivatives wherein the 3"- or 3'-methoxy group and/or the 4"- or 4'-hydroxyl group are replaced by hydrogen. The 3"- or 3'-desmethoxy-avermectins can further be derivatized at the 4"- or 4'-positions as the amino, semicarbazone or oxime analogs. The 3"- or 3'-desmethoxy-avermectins are prepared by the reaction of Samarium iodide on the corresponding 4"- or 4'-oxo-avermectins. The 4"- or 4'-deoxo-avermectins are prepared by radical deoxygenation of the corresponding hydroxy-avermectins. Di-deoxygenated avermectin derivatives are obtained by combination of these two methods or by treating avermectin aglycone or avermectin monosaccharide with a dihydropyran. The new compounds are potent anti-parasitic agents, in particular, the compounds are anthelmintic, insecticidal and acaricidal agents.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin .DELTA. 23,24-derivatives (also referred to as 23,24-dehydro compounds). The compounds are prepared by selective dehydration of avermectin A2 or B2 compounds. The avermectin compounds have utility as anti-parasitic agents and compositions for that use are also disclosed. The compounds are also highly potent insecticides against agricultural pests. The .DELTA. 23,24-avermectin compounds have increased activity relative to the A2 or B2 compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 23-imino derivatives of the compounds collectively referred to as 23-keto C-076 compounds. The C-076 compounds (collectively) are isolates from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces avermitilis. These novel compounds have potent anthelmintic, insecticidal, ectoparasiticidal, nematicidal and acaricidal activity. Compositions containing these 23-imino derivatives of 23-keto C-076 also are described herein.

Abstract: Novel substituted 2,3-diphenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines are useful for promoting growth and improving feed conversion efficiencies in meat-producing animals. In addition, the novel compounds are useful for controlling coccidiosis in poultry.

Abstract: The compound 4"-deoxy-4"-N-methylamino avermectin Bla/Blb has been discovered to have unexpected properties when used as an agricultural insecticide. Specifically, the compound is considerably more active against insects, particularly lepidoptera, than closely related compounds, and the compound exhibits significantly lower levels of mammalian toxicity and aquatic animal toxicity. Thus the compound presents a much wider margin of safety towards the human appliers of the compound and to other mammals that come in contact with treated areas as well as wider margins of safety to aquatic animals to which any spray drift or run-off containing the compound may be directed.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin compounds wherein the 4" or 4' hydroxy group is oxidized to an oxo group and replaced with a semicarbazone, carbonyl- or sulfonyl- hydrazone, hydrazone, or oxime, and optionally reduced to the corresponding semicarbazide, carbonyl- or sulfonyl-hydrazide or hydrazine. The semicarbozones and hydrazones are prepared from the 4" or 4' oxo compound using the corresponding semicarbazides or hydrazines. The compounds have utility as anti-parasitic agents and compounds for that use are also disclosed. The compounds are also highly potent insecticides against agricultural pests. Compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to parasiticidally and insecticidally highly active compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a silyl group or a sugar residue; andR.sub.2 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or sec-butyl, and to the preparation thereof starting from suitably substituted 15-ester or 13.beta.-ester milbemycins.

Abstract: Combinations of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.5 denotes H or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.26 denotes CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; ##STR2## with a selected insecticide from the group comprising phosphoric acid esters, carbamates and carboxylic acid esters, or an insecticide of the formula II ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 denotes H or F, R.sup.2 denotes F, halogenoalkoxy, (substituted) phenoxy or (substituted) pyridyloxy and R.sup.3 denotes H or Cl, or an active compound from the group comprising azocyclotin, binapacryl, bensultap, bisclofentezin, buprofecin, cartap, cyromacin, endosulfan, ethoproxyfen, fenoxycarb, flubenzimin, hexythiazox, ethofenprox, 5-[4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methylpentyl]-2-fluoro-1,3-diphenyl ether, 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2-phenyl-4-thiazolyl)-propenenitrile and thiocyclam, with Bacillus thuringiensis or a nuclear-polyhedral or granulosis virus have surprising advantageous actions when used against harmful insects and acarides.

Abstract: Ivermectin, an antiparasitic agent which is insoluble and unstable in water, is formulated in glycerol formal and propylene glycol. These liquid formulations are suitable for parenteral administration for the treatment of parasitic infections and demonstrate improved efficacy and a broadened spectrum over previous formulations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the prevention of fescue toxicosis in grazing animals. Fescue toxicosis results from a grazing animal ingesting certain toxins present in or on the grass which can impair growth, reproductive performance, and is sometimes fatal. It has been discovered that the administration of ivermectin or related avermectin compounds is effective in reducing or eliminating the toxic effects of fescue endophyte ingestion.

Abstract: An antibiotic complex, containing three major components, has been isolated from fermentations of a new strain of the microorganism Streptomyces hirsutus. The major components are new, neutral, macrolide antibiotic compounds, which are useful as antibacterial agents against certain gram-positive bacteria.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin reduction products. The compounds are prepared by selective catalytic hydrogenation of avermectin-like compounds or by reaction of selected double bonds with electrophylic reagents. The reduced avermectin compounds have utility as anti-parasitic agents and compositions for that use are also disclosed. The compounds are also highly potent insecticides against agricultural pests. The reduced avermectin compounds have increased stability towards light which prolongs their insecticidal activities when applied to field crops subject to irradiation by sunlight.

Abstract: Novel method of increasing litter size in monogastric domestic animals by administering an avermectin or milbemycin compound during mid-gestation.

Abstract: New 3'" and/or 4'"-modified macrocin and 3" and/or 4"-modified-lactenocin derivatives of formula 1 have significant antibacterial activity. Compositions positions containing and methods of using these derivatives are also provided.

Abstract: C-20-Dihydro-deoxy-(cyclic amino)-derivatives of the macrolide antibiotics tylosin, desmycosin, macrocin, lactenocin, 2"'-O-demethylmacrocin and 2"-O-demethyllactenocin, which inhibit pathogenic bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria, Pasteurella species, and Mycoplasma species, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, are provided.

Abstract: 12,13-Oxo derivatives of 16-membered macrolides such as tylosin and 23-O-demycinosyltylosin useful as antibacterials are disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed derivatives of avermectin compounds with a .DELTA.26,27-alkyl chain of 4, 5 or 6 members at the 25-position. The compounds are prepared from the known .DELTA.26,27-compounds by the appropriate synthetic procedures at the 5-, 8-, 9-, 13- , 22- and 23-positions. The compounds are potent antiparasitic agents, in particular, the compounds are anthelmintic, insecticidal and acaricidal agents.

Abstract: Novel substituted 2,3-diphenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines are useful for promoting growth and improving feed conversion efficiencies in meat-producing animals. In addition, the novel compounds are useful for controlling coccidiosis in poultry.

Abstract: The invention provides physically stable anthelmintic paste compositions containing resinates of d1-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and other anthelmintic compounds in combination with a wide variety of therapeutic agents such as antibiotics, vitamins, vaccines, or mineral supplements.

Abstract: There are disclosed macrolides isolated from the fermentation broth, with avermectin Bla, avermectin Blb or 22,23-dihydro avermectin Bla as a substrate, of a known microorganism identified as MA-6181. The structure of the novel compounds isolated from the microorganism are presented based upon analytical studies. The compounds are highly potent antiparasitic, insecticidal, and anthelmintic agents. Compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: 5-Carbonate derivatives of milbemycins A.sub.3, A.sub.4 and A.sub.5 have valuable acaricidal, anthelmintic and other activities, especially against endo- and exoparasites.

Abstract: Soil dwelling nematode pests of growing plants are combated and controlled by injecting or infiltrating into the stem of the plants an effective amount of an insecticidally active macrolide substance, such as, for example, an avermectin or milbemycin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for treatment or prevention of diseases of animals or for addition to feeds for acceleration of growth which contains a mycinamicin antibiotic and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a quinoxaline-di-N-oxide and a tetracycline antibiotic as effective ingredients. Administration of this composition affords excellent synergistic effects in antibacterial action and good body weight gaining effect and growth accelerating effect.

Abstract: There is provided a novel drug delivery system which provides for intermittent drug delivery with readily adjustable intervals between drug delivery pulses. This is accomplished by providing a multilayer device in which layers of active drug are readily expandable or erodable when contacted with the environment in which the drug is to be administered. The drug layer is alternated with an inert layer and a multiplicity of such layers are contained within a tube impervious to such environment but provided with an opening into such environment. The multiplicity of such layers is driven along the length of such tube towards the opening. The interval between pulses is determined by the rate the layers are driven along the tube and the sizes of the layers. The duration of the pulse is determined by the rate of expansion or dispersion of the active layer into the environment, wherein the rate of expansion or dispersion is greater than the rate the layers are driven along the tube.

Abstract: A device for the controlled delivery of a beneficial agent is disclosed. The device comprises (a) a formulation layer and (b) a layer comprising means for pushing the formualtion layer from said device. The formulation layer comprises the beneficial agent avermectin or ivermectin.

Abstract: Stable oral preparations of 16-membered ring macrolide antibiotics such as SF-837, josamycin, 3"-propionyljosamycin, by incorporating stabilizers showing pH 3-10 in an aqueous medium, such as glycine, and dissolution accelerators showing pH 2.5-4 in an aqueous medium such as citric acid or tartaric acid. Coating such dissolution accelerators with a film-forming substance is useful to enhance the stability of the oral preparation of such antibiotics.

Abstract: Antibiotic-metal complexes contain bacitracin, a non-toxic, complex-forming metal and a polyether antibiotic are disclosed. The complexes are useful (1) for promoting growth in poultry and mammals, (2) for controlling swine dysentery, (3) modifying rumen fluid by decreasing the acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio, (4) controlling coccidiosis in birds, and (5) purifying bacitracin or a bacitracin-metal salt.

Abstract: A dispenser is disclosed for delivering a beneficial agent. The dispenser comprises (1) a housing defining an internal space, (2) a heat-responsive composition containing a beneficial agent in the space, (3) an osmotically effective solute in the space, and (4) at least one passageway in the housing for delivering the beneficial agent from the dispenser.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel formulations of avermectin compounds and a substrate which demonstrate markedly enhanced insecticidal activity over that which would be observed with other formulations. Avermectin natural product compounds and certain semisynthetic derivatives thereof are compounds known to be highly effective broad-spectrum antiparasitic and pesticidal agents. However, when such compounds are formulated into the instant composition, the activity observed is increased to at least 10-times that which would be expected. The instant substrate is preferably a highly dispersed, amorphous form of hydrophyllic silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A dispensing device is disclosed for delivering a beneficial agent. The device comprises (1) a housing defining an internal space, (2) heat responsive means containing a beneficial agent in the space, (3) means for increasing the amount of beneficial agent delivered from the device in the space, (4) expandable means in the space, (5) an optional dense means in the space, and (6) means in the housing for delivering the beneficial agent from the dispensing device.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel O-sulfate derivatives of avermectin and milbemycin. The avermectin and milbemycin O-sulfate derivatives have improved water solubility compared to the parent avermectin and milbemycin compounds and have utility as anti-parasitic agents and as potent insecticides against agricultural pests.

Abstract: Macrolides PTL-448 A and B, which can be prepared by aerobic cultivation of Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 15154 in the presence of a macrolide intermediate selected from protylonlide, 5-O-mycaminosylprotylonolide, 20-hydroxy-5-O-mycaminosylprotylonolide and 20-oxo-5-O-mycaminosylprotylonodide, and macrolides PTL-448 C and D, which can be prepared by acidic hydrolysis of PTL-448 A and B are useful antibiotics.

Abstract: C-23-bicyclic or tricyclic amino derivatives of OMT and 4'-deoxy-OMT, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising and methods of treating infections with these compounds, are provided.

Abstract: Methods of controlling Mycoplasma infections which comprise administering to an infected or susceptible warm-blooded animal an effective amount of a new macrocin or lactenocin ester derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is formyl or hydroxymethyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, acetyl or propionyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or ##STR2## and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl or isovaleryl; provided that one of R.sup.1 or R.sup.3 must be other than hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

Abstract: 11-Thioether and certain C-20 acetal and thioacetal derivatives of tylosin and demycarosyltylosin are effective antibacterial agents. Processes for preparing, formulations containing, and methods of treating bacterial infections with these derivatives are provided.

Abstract: C-8, 20-cyclo-derivatives of the macrolide antibiotics tylosin, desmycosin, macrocin, lactenocin, 2'"-O-demethylmacrocin and 2"-O-demethyllactenocin, which inhibit pathogenic bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria, and Mycoplasma species, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, are provided.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin 8,9-cyclopropyl compounds (also referred to as 8,9-dihydro-8,9-methano avermectin compounds). The 8,9-cyclopropyl compounds are prepared by treating an avermectin compound with an iodohalomethane compound in the presence of an activated form of zinc. The avermectin 8,9-cyclopropyl compounds have utility as anti-parasitic agents and compositions for that use are also disclosed. The compounds are also highly potent insecticides against agricultural pests.

Abstract: Novel 23-C-substituted mycaminosyl tylonolide of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, a lower alkenyl group or a lower alkynyl group, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group.These compounds have excellent antibacterial activities.

Abstract: 3, 3", 4"-Tri-O-acylspiramycin I represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different groups, and at least one of the groups is a straight or branched chain alkylcarbonyl group represented by --COC.sub.m H.sub.2m+1 wherein m is an integer of 2-4 and the other group(s) are straight or branched chain alkylcarbonyl group(s) represented by --COC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 wherein n is an integer of 1-4, and its pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel combination of avermectin compounds and agricultural spray oil which has been found to be synergistic in such a manner as to allow for a drastic reduction in the amount of active ingredient which is fully effective and also a dramatic extension of the time period over which such a combination is fully effective. The synergistic combination is useful as an agricultural insecticide and miticide against a variety of insects and mites which infest a variety of plants.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin and milbemycin compounds wherein the 8a position is oxidized to a ketone group. The 8a-oxo compounds are prepared by oxidizing an avermectin or milbemycin compound. The avermectin and milbemycin 8a-oxo compounds have utility as anti-parasitic agents and compositions for that use are also disclosed. The compounds are also highly potent insecticides against agricultural pests.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin compounds wherein certain double bonds are oxidized to epoxides. The epoxides are prepared by oxidizing an avermectin compound with a mild oxidizing agent. The avermectin epoxide compounds have utility as anti-parasitic agents and compositions for that use are also disclosed. The compounds are also highly potent insecticides against agricultural pests.

Abstract: 20-Dihydro-20-deoxy-23-de(mycinosyloxy)tylosin (20-deoxo-DMOT), specified 2'-acyl ester derivatives, and their acid addition salts are useful intermediates and antibacterial agents. Methods of preparing 20-deoxo-DMOT and 5-O-mycaminosyltylactone by fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae ATCC 31733 are included.

Abstract: Insecticidally active compositions comprising a combination of a C-076 or B-41 macrolide antibiotic with an insect feeding stimulant. The combination shows substantially enhanced activity compared with combinations of pyrethroid insecticides with feeding stimulants.