Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, A1, A2, X1, s and m are defined herein. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the compounds of the invention, and its therapeutic uses. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal inflammation and maintaining normal gut health are described. These methods of the invention involve the administration of abscisic acid in amounts sufficient to alter the expression or activity of PPAR gamma in a cell. Also described are methods for suppressing the expression of cellular adhesion molecules in the gut and methods for increasing CTLA-4 expression on CD4+ T cells through administration of abscisic acid.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing peroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid esters. More specifically, carboxylic acid esters are reacted with an inorganic peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an enzyme catalyst having perhydrolysis activity. The present perhydrolase catalysts are classified as members of the carbohydrate esterase family 7 (CE-7) based on the conserved structural features. Further, disinfectant formulations comprising the peracids produced by the processes described herein are provided.

Abstract: A topical pharmaceutical composition which has a hydrophilic outer phase, at least one pharmaceutical active ingredient and at least one carrier substance. The carrier substance has at least two lamellar double membrane layers arranged one over another in the manner of a sandwich, wherein between adjacent double membrane layers, aligned parallel to each other, a layer of an inner phase is arranged. The active ingredient is distributed in the double membrane layer and in the layer of the inner phase such that the layer of the inner phase contains the active ingredient in a concentration range between 2% by weight and 98% by weight and the double membrane layer contains the active ingredient in a concentration between 98% by weight and 2% by weight, and the outer phase has no or almost no active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of peracids, such as peroxycarboxylic acids, having reduced odor compared to conventional peracid compositions. The invention further relates to methods employing such compositions, and methods of making these compositions. Typically, the reduced-odor antimicrobial compositions include an alcohol for the esterification reaction to remove short- to mid-chain length malodorous carboxylic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions including peroxyacetic acid and peroxyoctanoic acid and methods for preventing microbial growth in aqueous streams including the step of applying a composition of the invention to the stream. The compositions and methods can control microbial growth in aqueous streams used for transporting or processing food products.

Abstract: Provided are viscous and adherent food-safe antimicrobial compositions, and methods for using same in the immediate and residual decontamination of microbial-contaminated substrate surfaces, in reducing or precluding cutting implement-mediated transfer of surface contamination during cutting operations in the food industry, and for reducing or preventing transfer of contamination from contaminated surfaces in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Adherent antimicrobial protective layers are formed on substrate surfaces (e.g., processing equipment and utensils), providing a barrier (e.g., chemical and/or physical) to the passage or transport of microbial contamination between and among surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of peracids, such as peroxycarboxylic acids, having improved antimicrobial efficacy due to ethanol solubilization of the compositions. The enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of the peracid compositions beneficially have a lower use concentration. The invention further relates to methods employing such compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel derivatives of 4-hydroxybutyric acid and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the foregoing. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating narcolepsy, fibromyalgia, other disorders or conditions that are beneficially treated by improving nocturnal sleep or by administering sodium oxybate.

Abstract: A first aspect of the invention relates to a combination comprising 2?-cyano-2?-deoxy-N4-palmitoyl-1-?-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine, or a metabolite thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a cytotoxic agent selected from: (a) a HDAC inhibitor; and (b) a topoisomerase inhibitor selected from etoposide, topotecan and SN-38, or a prodrug thereof. A second aspect relates to a pharmaceutical product comprising (i) 2?-cyano-2?-deoxy-N4-palmitoyl-1-?-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine, or a metabolite thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a cytotoxic agent selected from: (a) a HDAC inhibitor; and (b) a topoisomerase inhibitor selected from etoposide, topotecan and SN-38, or a prodrug thereof, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, sequential or separate use in therapy.

Abstract: The present disclosure encompasses embodiments of a method of reducing the microbial load of a vegetable seed or a sprout thereof, comprising contacting the vegetable seed or the sprout thereof, with a composition comprising levulinic acid and a detergent for a period suitable for reducing a bacterial population of the vegetable seed or the sprout thereof. In embodiments of the methods of the disclosure, the composition can reduce a bacterial population located on the exterior surface of the seed coat (testa) of a vegetable seed, located in or on the seed contents beneath the testa, or located on and beneath the testa of the vegetable seed.

Abstract: It has been discovered that certain combinations compounds are excellent penetration enhancers and, as such, can be incorporated in a topical formulation to facilitate administration of active agents. The increased penetration enhancement can also lead to a reduction in the total concentration of skin irritants in the formulation. There is described herein a topical formulation comprising (i) at least one active agent; (ii) a first compound, and (iii) a second compound, wherein the first compound and second compound are different, and each is selected from the group consisting of N-lauroyl sarcosine, sodium octyl sulfate, methyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, oleic acid, glyceryl oleate and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sulfoperoxycarboxylic acid compounds, and methods for making and using them. The sulfoperoxycarboxylic compounds of the invention are storage stable, water soluble and have low to no odor. Further, the compounds of the present invention can be formed from non-petroleum based renewable materials. The compounds of the present invention can be used as antimicrobials, and bleaching agents. The compounds of the present invention are also suitable for use as coupling agents.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods that employ compounds that can stimulate proliferation of fibroblasts or keratinocytes and/or stimulate production of collagen by fibroblasts. These compositions and methods are useful for treating gum- and skin-related conditions.

Abstract: In one embodiment the invention provides a method of combating cyanide poisoning, which comprises administering to a subject a compound capable of releasing 3-mercapto-pyruvate in vivo. In other embodiments the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound capable of releasing 3-mercaptopyruvate in vivo, as well as novel compounds that are capable of releasing 3-mercaptopyruvate in vivo.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a disinfectant or antimicrobial composition for use in dental treatment, such as treatment and/or prevention of periodontitis, gingivitis or other forms of oral infection. The present Inventor found that microorganisms that infect the dental tissues and cause inflammation thereof, are susceptible to osmotic stress, to such extent that the application of a hypertonic composition is effective in curing or preventing infection and/or inflammations. It was furthermore found that these microorganisms are also susceptible to acidic stress. The present invention therefore provides compositions that induce osmotic stress in microorganisms causing infection of dental tissue when topically applied thereto, preferably osmotic as well as acidic stress. The present invention also concerns the methods and uses involving the compositions of the invention.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions having a rapid and persistent antiviral effectiveness against influenza viruses, including avian flu viruses, are disclosed. The antimicrobial compositions contain (a) a disinfecting alcohol, (b) an organic acid, and (c) water, wherein the composition has a pH of about 5 or less and the nonvolatile components of the composition are capable of forming a barrier film or layer on a treated surface.

Abstract: Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating or suppressing symptoms of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors comprising increasing the levels or activities of Notch1 protein or other components of the Notch1 signaling pathway of the cancer cells. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions for the methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to scaffolds which can be used as medical devices for guided tissue regeneration and repair, in particular the invention is directed to a scaffold comprising fibers having a mean fiber diameter of between from about 1.2 to 4.0 microns, wherein the fibers comprise a glycolide. The invention further relates to the use of the scaffolds for the selective capture of cell populations for a cell source material.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are biocidal compounds and compositions, methods of using said compounds and compositions, and systems and processes for their preparation. Particularly disclosed herein are in situ generated biocides stabilized with a buffer. The biocide may include in situ generated peracetic acid produced from a peroxygen source, an acyl group donor, and a buffer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are variants enzymes that are structurally classified as CE-7 enzymes and have perhydrolysis activity. Also disclosed herein is a process for producing peroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid esters using the aforementioned variant enzymes as well as methods and compositions comprising the variant enzymes. Further, disinfectant formulations comprising the peroxycarboxylic acids produced by the processes described herein are provided.

Abstract: Compositions of flupirtine for management of neuropathic or inflammatory pain optionally including one or more other analgesics including opiates, NSAIDS and other active agents in immediate and controlled release forms. Methods and systems for administration of these compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a foam formulation comprising an emulsion, comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the emulsion comprises at least one triterpenoid. Further the invention relates to anemulsion comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the emulsion comprises at least one triterpenoid selected from the group consisting of betulin, betulinic acid, lupeol, erythrodiol, oleanolic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl esters of the aforementioned acids, or mixtures thereof, and wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar arranged membrane in the emulsion.

Abstract: A method for treating an inflammation or lesion caused by herpes virus, comprising topically applying to said inflammation or lesion a composition comprising or consisting essentially of a C1 to C3 monohydroxy alcohol or a C2 to C4 diol and a sufficient amount of an acid to adjust the pH of the composition to below 4.6. Topical administration of the composition is preferred and is effective in treating lesions associated infections by viruses such as Herpes simplex. Nasal deliverable forms are effective in treating symptoms due to viruses that cause the common cold. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in the present method are provided.

Abstract: Methods for treating vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause are described.

Abstract: The invention encompasses compositions and methods for treating or preventing kidney disease in a companion animal, wherein the compositions and methods include feeding the companion animal an edible composition including at least one pyruvate or salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention encompasses compositions and methods for maintaining or promoting a healthy body composition in a companion animal, which comprises feeding the animal an edible composition comprising one or more pyruvate in an amount effective to maintain or promote the healthy body composition, wherein maintaining or promoting the healthy body composition comprises controlling the animal's weight, for example, loss of weight or body fat, or increased percentage of lean muscle mass.

Abstract: Disclosed are formulations of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in an aqueous medium that are resistant to microbial growth. Also disclosed are formulations of gammahydroxybutyrate that are also resistant to the conversion into GBL. Disclosed are methods to treat sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, with these stable formulations of GHB. The present invention also provides methods to treat alcohol and opiate withdrawal, reduced levels of growth hormone, increased intracranial pressure, and physical pain in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention discloses anti-cancer compositions, and associated methods, including an anti-cancer composition comprising: a cellular energy inhibitor having the structure according to formula I wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: a nitro, an imidazole, a halide, sulfonate, a carboxylate, an alkoxide, and amine oxide; and R is selected from the group consisting of: OR?, N(R?)2, C(O)R??, C1-C6 alkyl, C6-C12 aryl, C1-C6 heteroalkyl, a C6-C12 heteroaryl, H, and an alkali metal; where R? represents H, alkali metal, C1-C6 alkyl, C6-C12 aryl or C(O)R??, R? represents H, C1-C6 alkyl, or C6-C12 aryl, and R?? represents H, C1-C20 alkyl or C6-C12 aryl. The anti-cancer composition can additionally comprise at least one sugar, which stabilizes the cellular energy inhibitor by substantially preventing the inhibitor from hydrolyzing. Also, the anti-cancer composition can comprise a hexokinase inhibitor.

Abstract: Compositions and method of using the same for the removal of ticks embedded in the skin or tissue of a human or animal host and for preventing ticks from attaching themselves to and biting humans or other animals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are substituted fluoromethanes; pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the same; processes for preparing these fluoromethanes; and methods of using the same in alleviating infection and parasitism. Also disclosed are methods for identifying substituted fluoromethanes for modulating the activity of receptors and enzymes that bind and/or modify phosphate containing ligands and substrates.

Abstract: Aqueous acidic, abrasive hard surface cleaning composition comprising: about 0.5-3.5% wt. of a thickener system which includes both a colloid forming clay, preferably a montmorillonite clay, and a gum based thickener, preferably xantham gum; about 0.01-2.5% wt. of a surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof; an antimicrobially effective amount of at least one organic acid present in an amount of from about 2-12% wt.; as an abrasive constituent, pumice, which may be present in an amount of at least about 5% wt.; optionally but preferably an opacifying/tinting constituent; 0-5% wt. of one or more optional constituents for improving the aesthetic characteristics of the compositions; and, at least 75% wt. of water; wherein the compositions exhibit a viscosity of between about 250 cps to about 1000 cps at 25° C., and, exhibit an acidic pH of less than about 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions including medium chain peroxycarboxylic acid, methods for making these compositions, and methods for reducing the population of a microorganism. The compositions can include advantageously high levels of the medium chain peroxycarboxylic acid, can be readily made, and/or can exhibit reduced odor.

Abstract: The invention concerns antimicrobial compositions comprising free fatty acids emulsified with membrane lipids or hydrolysed derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising same. The compositions can be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of microbial infections. They can also regulate the rate of blood clotting rendering them suitable for incorporation in catheter locking solutions and for use in wound care.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing or controlling bacteria, viruses and parasitic growths that cause diarrhea, pneumonia and septicemia in animals comprising a biocidal system comprised of a primary biocide and a pH buffer component; a cationic or ionic surfactant having an HLB of from about 5 to about 30; a thickening agent; and an aqueous based carrier.

Abstract: The invention encompasses compositions and methods for treating or preventing a degenerative joint condition, wherein the compositions and methods include feeding the companion animal an edible composition including at least one pyruvate or salt thereof. The invention also encompasses methods for enhancing the palatability of an edible food composition including adding a palatability enhancing amount at least one pyruvate or salt thereof to the composition.

Abstract: A formulation, composition or combination of substances comprising jasmonate for modulating melatonin production and/or calcification of a pineal gland and/or modulation and/or treatment of age-related neurodegeneration in a subject, particularly in a mammalian subject and more particularly in a human subject and use of jasmonate for modulating melatonin production and/or calcification of a pineal gland and/or modulation and/or treatment of age-related neurodegeneration is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: The hydrocortisone derivative of formula (I), whose IUPAC name is 3-[3,5-Dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-3a,6-dimethyl-7-oxo-dodecahydro-cyclo-penta[alpha]naphthalen-6-yl]-propionic acid, designated as Deina®, is used in the treatment of atrophic tissues, particularly skin, cartilage, connective, and mucosal tissues and scalp skin.

Abstract: The invention is related to compositions for prevention against spoilage by moulds and yeasts comprising, as the only antimycotic agents, at least one compound selected from organic acids selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, cinnamic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid and fumaric acid, and salts thereof, and at least one compound selected from plant of fruit extracts, the oily phases of plant or fruit extracts, and monosubstances derived from such extracts or oily phases thereof. The invention is furthermore related to the use of such or similar compositions for protection of food or feed products from growth of moulds and yeasts as well as to food or feed products containing such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an ether carboxylate which includes the steps of (1) reacting an aliphatic monohydric alcohol with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkali catalyst; (2) neutralizing a reaction solution obtained in the step (1) with an acid such as hydroxycarboxylic acids to obtain an ether alcohol; and (3-1) reacting the obtained ether alcohol with a monohalogenofatty acid or a salt thereof and an alkali metal hydroxide, or (3-2) subjecting the obtained ether alcohol to catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst. The obtained ether carboxylate has a less odor and a high quality and is therefore suitably used in the applications such as cosmetics and toiletries.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing retinoic acid is provided. The method includes a step of mixing retinoic acid with a hydrophobic polymer/hydrophilic polymer adduct in the presence of an oxygen containing atmosphere to form a retinoic acid containing composition. The hydrophobic polymer/hydrophilic polymer adduct comprises a poly(vinylpyrrolidone/alkylene) polymer and a polymer comprising repeating carboxylic acid groups, hydroxyl groups, or a mixture of carboxylic acid groups and hydroxyl groups. A retinoic acid containing composition and a method of using a retinoic acid containing composition are provided.

Abstract: The present specification discloses pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing such pharmaceutical compositions, and methods and uses of treating a cardiovascular disease in an individual using such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing peroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid esters. More specifically, carboxylic acid esters are reacted with an inorganic peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an enzyme catalyst having perhydrolysis activity. The present perhydrolase catalysts are classified as members of the carbohydrate esterase family 7 (CE-7) based on the conserved structural features. Further, disinfectant formulations comprising the peracids produced by the processes described herein are provided.

Abstract: A method of neuroprotection which comprises administration of an AMPK inhibitor to a patient who is experiencing or has experienced a stroke, the compound being an AMPK inhibitor. Treatments with these agents significantly reduce the size of infarcts, and therefore minimize the loss of brain tissue and neurons. Thus, function can be preserved after stroke or ischemic injury in the brain. Similarly, neuronal loss can be minimized in degenerative diseases that cause neuronal compromise by perturbing energy utilization and availability in neurons.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods and formulations for treating anxiety disorders, including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, in human subjects employing coordinate treatment using ? and ? blockers alone or in combination with additional psychotherapeutic medications to treat the anxiety disorder and reduce symptomology in treated subjects.

Abstract: Bioactive agrichemical concentrates and compositions having improved bioactivity comprising combinations of acid solutions and conventional bioactive agrichemical actives or formulations.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to salts of abscisic acid analogs, aqueous liquid compositions containing salts of analogs of abscisic acid and methods of their preparation for agricultural use.

Abstract: Compositions comprising N-acetyl-aldosamines, N-acetylamino acids, and related N-acetyl compounds are useful to alleviate or improve various cosmetic conditions and dermatological disorders, including changes or damage to skin, nail and hair associated with intrinsic aging and/or extrinsic aging, as well as changes or damage caused by extrinsic factors. N-acetyl-aldosamines, N-acetylamino acids, and related N-acetyl composition may further comprise a cosmetic, pharmaceutical or other topical agent to enhance or create synergetic effects.