Abstract: The invention is directed to a compound according to formula (I). The compounds of formula (I) include prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomer mixtures, and enantiomers thereof. The invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and to methods for treating diabetes by administering such a pharmaceutical composition alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents. The invention is also directed to inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of their production and use, including use in increasing de-N-acetyl sialic acid antigen of a mammalian cell and methods that exploit the increase in deNAc sialic acid antigen on such cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to aryloxyalkylene-substituted hydroxyphenylhexynoic acid derivatives, and to physiologically compatible salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and A are each defined as specified, and physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted (2-aryloxyacetylamino)phenylpropionic acid derivatives, and to the physiologically acceptable salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and A are each defined as specified, and the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: Heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as medicaments The invention relates to heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, and to physiologically compatible salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R10, X, n, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are each defined as specified, and to the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controlled release pharmaceutical composition which exhibits reduced food effect.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of using mannan oligosaccharides, to treat, palliate, relieve, prevent and/or eliminate urinary tract infections of humans. A mixture of oligosaccharides derived from yeast cell walls is shown to reduce, eliminate and prevent the symptoms of UTI in patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogels endowed with antibacterial properties, to be used for injection in damaged bones or in the production of antibacterial coatings of prostheses for implant in the human or animal body, obtained by loading with antibacterial agents hydrogels formed by derivatives of hyaluronic acid; the invention also relates to a kit of parts for producing the antibacterial hydrogels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating visibly dry skin. The method includes topically applying a composition comprising a Southernwood extract to said skin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for spray drying uronic acid oligosaccharides and to a powder compositions thus obtained. Typically the powder composition comprises between 25 and 100 wt.% uronic acid oligosaccharide with a DP between 2 and 50 based on total weight of uronic acid, with and an average particle size between 20 ?m and 100 ?m.

Abstract: Physical crystal structures of a compound of the formula I: are provided including the free base monohydrate thereof (form H-1) and the hydrochloric acid salt thereof, including hydrochloric acid salt containing 0.75 equivalent of H2O (form H0.75-3) and hydrochloric acid salt containing 2 equivalents of H2O (form H2-1), and hydrochloric acid salt Pattern P-5, preferably in substantially pure form, and other forms as described herein, pharmaceutical compositions containing structures of compound I or IA, processes for preparing same, intermediates used in preparing same, and methods of treating diseases such as diabetes using such structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds that have utility as inhibitors of heparan sulfate-binding proteins; compositions comprising the compounds, and use of the compounds and compositions thereof for the antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic treatment of a mammalian subject.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for prophylaxis or treatment of an eye disease comprising a compound represented by General Formula I: S-(MS)p-(MS)q??General Formula I wherein S represents sialic acid, and (MS)p and (MS)q independently represent a monosaccharide residue. The compound used as the active ingredient inhibits expression of MMP-9 and inflammation-mediated cytokines (IL-1?, TNF-?, etc.) in corneal epithelial cells and inhibits VEGF-mediated VEGFR-2 activation in human retinal endothelial cells (HREC), thereby exhibiting prophylactic or therapeutic activity for eye diseases such as dry eye syndrome, inflammatory eye disease, neovascularization-associated eye disease and side effects of wearing of contact lenses. Also, because it has no cytotoxicity or skin side effect, the provided composition may be safely used as a pharmaceutical composition, a neutraceutical composition or a food composition.

Abstract: A method for detecting a Norwalk-Like Virus (NLV) in a biological sample, comprising the steps of: obtaining a biological sample suspected of containing a NLV; contacting the biological sample with at least one human histo-blood group antigen to allow formation of a complex of the NLV with the antigen; and detecting the antigen-NLV complex. The antigen-NLV complex can be detected by contacting the NLV-antigen complex with a NLV antibody that binds at an epitope of the NLV, and detecting the NLV antibody. The invention also includes a method for identifying compounds, and the compounds, that can inhibit the binding between a Norwalk-Like Virus (NLV) and a histo-blood group antigen.

Abstract: A method for promoting expression of a heat shock protein, or for inhibiting cell injury or cell death, or for treating a disease for which cell or tissue protection is desired, or for promoting production of IL-10, or for inhibiting production of IL-8, by administering an effective amount of a fraction containing a hyaluronic acid tetrasaccharide comprising four saccharide residues and having certain physicochemical properties or by administering an effective amount of an isolated and substantially pure tetrasaccharide of formula (1) described in the application. Methods for preserving an organ.

Abstract: A class of proteoglycans containing fucosylated acidic glycans, e.g., as produced by marine sponges and sea urchin embryos, have been found to stimulate selective proliferation of mammalian natural killer (NK) cells and ??T cells. These compounds are useful as pharmaceuticals, particularly as immunostimulants, e.g., in the treatment of cancer and viral infections.

Abstract: Provided are compounds having an inhibitory effect on sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter SGLT. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing the compounds, synthetic intermediates, and methods of using the compounds, independently or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for treating diseases and conditions which are affected by SGLT inhibition.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject in need of therapy for a condition involving detrimental activity of the enzyme core 2 GlcNAc-T is provided, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of core 2 GlcNAc-T of the formula I to a patient in need thereof wherein R1 is H, —OH, C1-6 alkoxy, —NR5R6, or Sac 1; R2 is H, —OH, C1-6 alkoxy or Sac 2; R3 is H, —OH, C1-6 alkoxy or Sac 3; R4 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 hydroxyalkyl or C1-6-alkoxy-C1-6-alkyl; R5 is H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 acyl; R6 is H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 acyl; Sac 1 Sac 2 and Sac 3 are independently selected saccharide moieties, and Z is a steroid moiety; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ether or ester form thereof.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an accelerator for mineral absorption and a composition containing the accelerator. The object is solved by providing an accelerator for mineral absorption comprising cyclic tetrasaccharide and/or saccharide derivatives thereof and a composition containing the accelerator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and compounds for inhibiting bacterial growth and treating a bacterial infection in a subject. These methods involve providing an inhibitor of intrabacterial pH homeostasis, including inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3671c gene encoded membrane protease. Methods for identifying novel compounds that disrupt intrabacterial pH homeostasis and their use for inhibiting bacterial growth and treating a bacterial infection in a subject are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for modulating HSP70 function, particularly for the targeted killing of cancer cells, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of stimulating PRF in a viral cell by administering an aminoglycoside antibiotic to said cell. In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of inhibiting viral replication by administering an aminoglycoside antibiotic to a viral cell. The invention is also directed to method of treating a viral infection in a patient suffering therefrom comprising administering to said patient an aminoglycoside antibiotic.

Abstract: Glycans are identified which have high affinity for C. difficile toxin A. They share one of two saccharide backbones and may have additional side chains. The backbones are galactose-? 1-3 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-?-1-3-galactose-?-1-4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and galactose-?-1-3-galactose-?-1-4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The ligands may be used therapeutically, prophylactically, and diagnostically.

Abstract: The use of a pharmaceutical regimen to deter in an individual, as the individual ages, the development of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) or Alzheimer's disease or to treat an individual who has CVD or Alzheimer's, the individual ingesting on a daily basis a regimen comprising pharmaceutically effective amounts of magnesium salicylate and naproxen, the amount of the magnesium salicylate being no greater than about 260 mg, and also the use of a pharmaceutical regimen to treat an individual who has Type 2 diabetes, the regimen being ingested daily by the individual and comprising pharmaceutically effective amounts of at least one glucose-lowering drug and magnesium salicylate in an amount no greater than about 260 mg.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel moenomycin analogs as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of synthesis, and methods of use in treating an infection by administering an inventive compound to a subject in need thereof. The moenomycin analogs may be prepared synthetically, biosynthetically, or semi-synthetically. The analogs are particularly useful in treating or preventing infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. Certain inventive compounds may have a broader spectrum of coverage, which includes Gram-negative organisms.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for prophylaxis or treatment of hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease or obesity including a compound represented by General Formula I as an effective ingredient: S- (MS)p-(MS)q??General Formula I wherein S represents sialic acid, and (MS)p and (MS)q independently represent a monosaccharide residue. The compound used as the effective ingredient induces body weight loss, decrease of organ fat, decrease of total cholesterol level, increase of HDL-cholesterol level, decrease of LDL-cholesterol level and decrease of leptin, and thereby provides prophylactic or therapeutic activity for hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease or obesity. Also, because it has no cytotoxicity or skin side effect, the provided composition may be safely used as a pharmaceutical composition, a neutraceutical composition or a food composition.

Abstract: A method of improving the health and production of ruminant animals, the method including the step of orally administering to the animal an effective amount of an indigestible oligosaccharide selected from the group of gluco-oligosaccharides and isomalto-oligosaccharides.

Abstract: A composition for pulmonary administration comprises a fluoroquinolone betaine, such as ciprofloxacin betaine, and an excipient. In one version, the particles have a mass median aerodynamic diameter from about 1 ?m to about 5 ?m, and the fluoroquinolone has a half life in the lungs of at least 1.5 hours. The composition is useful in treating an endobronchial infection, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is particularly useful in treating cystic fibrosis.

Abstract: This application relates to a method of inhibiting the degradation of an extracellular matrix associated with islet beta cells, said method comprising contacting said extracellular matrix with an effective amount of a heparanase inhibitor.

Abstract: Novel synthetic gangliosides and pharmaceutical compositions containing such synthetic gangliosides are described. Methods of making the novel synthetic ganglioside compounds and compositions as well as their use in the field of neuroprotection is also described.

Abstract: Provided are methods of activating an NKT cell which include a step of contacting the NKT cell with a sufficient amount of isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) to induce secretion of a cytokine from the NKT cell, stimulate proliferation of the NKT cell or upregulate expression of a cell surface marker on the NKT cell. Methods of activating an NKT cell population in a subject are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical or dietetic product, which serves for reducing and/or blocking the adhesion of pathogenic substances and organisms to eucaryontic cells, in particular mammal cells. Said preparation contains at least one carbohydrate having an uronic acid unit on one of the ends thereof. 10 to 100% of the present, terminal uronic acid units pertaining to the carbohydrates are provided with a double bond that is especially situated between the C4 and C5 atom.

Abstract: Glycans are identified which have high affinity for C. difficile toxin A. They share one of two saccharide backbones and may have additional side chains. The backbones are galactose-?1-3 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-?-1-3-galactose-?-1-4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and galactose-?-1-3-galactose-?-1-4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The ligands may be used therapeutically, prophylactically, and diagnostically.

Abstract: Method of treating conditions associated with raised activity of core 2 GlcNAc-T by administering an inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc:Gal?1,3GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) ?1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (core 2 ?1,6 N-acetylaminotransferase, core 2 GlcNAc-T-EC 2.4.1.102). Diseases associated with raised activity of core 2 GlcNAc-T include inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cancers, including treatment or prevention of metastasis, or diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: The invention provides therapeutic methods and compositions for the prevention and treatment of Siglec-8 associated diseases and disorders such as asthma and allergic reactions. In particular, the invention provides methods and compositions for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with Siglec-8 expressing cells in humans, as well as other animals, through the administration of one or more novel, carbohydrate-based compounds.

Abstract: Oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides linked to backbones such as proteins, methods for making such oligosaccharides and methods for using them to treat and/or prevent various disorders are described.

Abstract: An NK1 receptor antagonist composition of the present invention uses maltooligosaccharide having an NK1 receptor antagonistic activity as an active ingredient. A suitable amount of the maltooligosaccharide to be blended in the NK1 receptor antagonist composition of the present invention is 0.000001 to 70% by weight. The NK1 receptor antagonist composition of the present invention is prepared for use into various forms of external agents, internal medicines, foods and beverages by blending various materials as the ingredients other than the active ingredient. The NK1 receptor antagonist composition of the present invention has high safety for being used for pharmaceuticals and has satisfactory therapeutic effects.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I that modulate the activity of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119 and their uses in the treatment of diseases linked to the modulation of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119 in animals are described herein.

Abstract: Methods and materials are provided for the production of compositions of erythropoietin protein, wherein said compositions comprise a pre-selected N-linked glycosylation pattern as the predominant N-glycoform.

Abstract: Acetamide derivatives, their stereoisomers, tautomers, prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, polymorphs, solvates and formulations thereof for the prophylaxis, management, treatment, control of progression, or adjunct treatment of diseases and/or medical conditions where the activation of glucokinase would be beneficial, are disclosed. The disclosure also provides process of preparation of these acetamide derivatives.

Abstract: Novel synthetic gangliosides and pharmaceutical compositions containing such synthetic gangliosides are described. Methods of making the novel synthetic ganglioside compounds and compositions as well as their use in the field of neuroprotection and cancer treatment is also described.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions comprising a saccharide for the inhibition of pathogen adhesion to mammalian cells.

Abstract: Pyrrole-2-carboxamide derivatives, their polymorphs, stereoisomers, prodrugs, solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and formulations thereof, beneficial for prophylaxis, management, treatment, control of progression, or adjunct treatment of diseases and/or medical conditions where the activation of glucokinase would be beneficial, are disclosed. The disclosure also provides process of preparation of these pyrrole-2-carboxamides.

Abstract: Disclosed are immortalized human embryonic retina cells, having a nucleic acid sequence encoding an adenoviral E1A protein integrated into the genome of the cells, and further comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an enzyme involved in post-translational modification of proteins, such as a sialyltransferase, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the enzyme involved in post-translational modification of proteins is under control of a heterologous promoter. Methods for producing recombinant proteins from such cells and obtaining such recombinant proteins having increased sialylation are provided as are novel compositions of isoforms of erythropoietin.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) that modulate the activity of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119 and their uses in the treatment of diseases linked to the modulation of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119 in animals are described herein.

Abstract: The present invention discloses that an intratumoral injection of: i) glycolipids with ?-gal epitope; ii) gene vectors comprising an ?1,3galactosyltransferase gene; or iii) a mixture of ?1,3galactosyltransferase, neuraminidase, and uridine diphosphate galactose results in tumor regression and/or destruction. Binding of the natural anti-Gal antibody to de novo expressed tumoral ?-gal epitopes induces inflammation resulting in an anti-Gal antibody mediated opsonization of tumor cells and their uptake by antigen presenting cells. These antigen presenting cells migrate to draining lymph nodes and activate tumor specific T cells thereby converting the treated tumor lesions into in situ autologous tumor vaccines. This therapy can be applied to patients with multiple lesions and in neo-adjuvant therapy to patients before tumor resection.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a novel and useful galactose derivative, which is a component of a drug carrier by which a medicine can be efficiently transferred into the liver, a drug carrier comprising the derivative, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the drug carrier and a medicine. The present invention relates to a galactose derivative represented by the following general formula (I) a drug carrier comprising the derivative and a cationic lipid, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the carrier and a medicine (preferably a double-stranded RNA, a double-stranded DNA, an oligo nucleic acid). wherein, R1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons which may be substituted or 1-(D)-deoxylactito-1-yl; R2 represents a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue having 10 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from an obstructive respiratory disease, including the step of administering to a subject a compound comprising a lipid or phospholipid moiety bound to a physiologically acceptable monomer, dimer, oligomer, or polymer, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a pharmaceutical product thereof, in an amount effective to treat the subject suffering from an obstructive respiratory disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion comprising a gelled particle emulsifier derived from naturally occurring food-grade polymers, the emulsion preferably being in the form of a food product or a home care product or a personal care product or a pharmaceutical product. Emulsifiers are limited in their use as they can cause allergic reactions in some people. There is thus a constant need for alternative emulsifiers. The goal of the present invention is to provide a stable emulsion which can be used in a wide number of applications. Thus an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 0.001-50%, preferably 0.001-30%, more preferably 0.001-10% w/w oil and 0.001 to less than 0.5%, preferably 0.001-0.4%, more preferably 0.01-0.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) that act as glucokinase activators; pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and methods of treating diseases, disorders, or conditions mediated by glucokinase.