Abstract: There is provided a therapeutic agent for treating osteoarthritis, which is a drug comprising hyaluronan as an active ingredient. The hyaluronan is preferably a tetrasaccharide including two units, with a single unit being -D-glucuronic acid-?-1,3-D-N-acetylglucosamine-?-1,4- (HA4).

Abstract: This invention relates to a synthetic nutritional composition suitable for use in the prevention of secondary infections following a viral infection characterised by neuraminidase activity comprising a sialylated oligosaccharide and N-acetyl-lactosamine and/or an oligosaccharide containing N-acetyl-lactosamine The invention further extends to the use of such a composition in the prevention of secondary infections such as otitis media.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a means for improving hepatic function of mammals including humans to normal condition. The present invention achieves the above object by providing a hepatic function-improving agent comprising ?-glucosyl-hesperidin as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention includes amino sugar chelates and methods for preparing amino sugar chelates of the formula given below, where M is a metal; R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, OH and hydroxyl substituted C1-C8 alkyl; R4 is selected from H, CO2H, OH, and hydroxyl substituted C1-C8 alkyl; each R5 is independently selected from H, OH, and hydroxyl substituted C1-C8 alkyl; A is selected from CH and O; a is from 0-6; b is from 0-6; n is from 1 to 8. The amino sugar chelates may include matrix stabilizing salts. The compounds and compositions disclosed can be used as nutritional supplements to impart health benefits.

Abstract: Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 13146 fermentation with a sucrose:maltose ratio of 2:1 have been discovered to be effective prebiotics in mixed cultures of microbial populations, including cultures from chicken ceca. Surprisingly in mixed microbial cultures this IMO composition proved as effective as FOS. Thus, these IMOs can be used as effective prebiotics for both birds and mammals. Moreover, the IMOs were discovered to be effective non-competitive inhibitors of ?-glucosidase. These IMOs also will be useful, as an ?-glucosidase inhibitor, in a therapeutic application for several diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, caries, cancer, viral disease such as hepatitis B and C, HIV, and AIDS. A diet with 5-20% IMOs was also shown to reduce the abdominal fat tissue in mammals.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a dermatologic condition, including, inter alia, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and seboreic dermatitis, the method includes the step of administering to a subject a compound comprising a lipid or phospholipid moiety bound to a physiologically acceptable monomer, dimer, oligomer, or polymer, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a pharmaceutical product thereof, in an amount effective to treat the subject suffering from a dermatologic condition.

Abstract: The present invention provides various biomarkers of depression. The present invention also provides various methods of using the biomarkers, including methods for diagnosis of depression, methods of determining predisposition to depression, methods of monitoring progression/regression of depression, methods of assessing efficacy of compositions for treating depression, methods of screening compositions for activity in modulating biomarkers of depression, methods of treating depression, as well as other methods based on biomarkers of depression.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of decreasing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in a cell. Such methods include administering an effective amount of a GFAP lowering compound to the cell. Also provided are compounds useful for the treatment of Alexander disease in subjects at risk of or diagnosed with Alexander disease and methods for the identification of such compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to selected carbohydrate-lipid constructs and their use as mimics of ligands for receptors expressed by virus. In particular, the invention relates to the use of selected carbohydrate-lipid constructs in methods of inhibiting virus infection and/or promoting clearance of virus from infected subjects. Carbohydrate-lipid constructs selected for use in these methods where the virus is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical or dietetic product, which serves for reducing and/or blocking the adhesion of pathogenic substances and organisms to eucaryontic cells, in particular mammal cells. Said preparation contains at least one carbohydrate having an uronic acid unit on one of the ends thereof. 10 to 100% of the present, terminal uronic acid units pertaining to the carbohydrates are provided with a double bond that is especially situated between the C4 and C5 atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a topoisomerase I inhibitor including, but not limited to, a camptothecin derivative.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating a flavivirus infection, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in an individual suffering from a flavivirus infection. In some embodiments, the methods involve administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of an agent that inhibits enzymatic activity of a membrane-bound ?-glucosidase inhibitor. In other embodiments, the methods involve administering to an individual in need thereof effective amounts of an ?-glucosidase inhibitor and at least one additional therapeutic agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an adsorbent and a sealed package, for example an overwrap, to protect a pharmaceutical product in a solid state in the presence of a reducing sugar.

Abstract: Disclosed is the continuous supplementation of poultry feeding stuffs with paromomycin and the resulting effects of prophylaxis against histomoniasis, ensuing decrease of mortality and the reduction of horizontal spreading of the disease. Also observed are improved zoo-technical performances, increase in weight gain and feed efficiency, both in healthy as well as diseased birds.

Abstract: The present invention concerns powders containing a pharmaceutical active substance and a combination of excipients comprising at least one 1,4 O-linked saccharose derivative selected from the compounds: 1,4 O-linked D-Gal-saccharose (lactosucrose), 1,4 O-linked D-Glu-saccharose (glucosyl sucrose), or 1,4 O-linked Glu-Glu-saccharose (maltosyl sucrose) in combination with at least one further excipient. The other excipient is preferably an amino acid, a peptide and/or a mono-, di- and/or oligosaccharide, wherein the oligosaccharide may be a second 1,4 O-linked saccharose derivative, provided that this is different from the first.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new phenylalanine amide inhibitors of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spray-dried powder and method for its manufacture. A spray dried powder containing a pharmaceutical active substance and one or more 1,4 O-linked saccharose derivatives chosen from the compounds: 1,4 O-linked D-gal-saccharose (lactosucrose), 1,4 O-linked D-glu-saccharose (glucosyl sucrose) or 1,4 O-linked glu-glu-saccharose (maltosyl sucrose). Preferred combinations are such that they contain glucosyl and maltosyl sucrose.

Abstract: Methods are provided for treating a subject for a condition. In accordance with the subject methods, at least a portion of a subject's autonomic nervous system is modulated during at least one predetermined phase of the subject's menstrual cycle to alter the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner that is effective to treat the subject for the condition. The subject methods find use in the treatment of a variety of different conditions, including various disease conditions, that increase in severity and/or occurrence during one or more phases of the menstrual cycle. Also provided are systems and kits for use in practicing the subject methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel therapeutic or preventive method, a pharmaceutical composition and use thereof, that exhibit superior anti-obesity effects (body weight-reducing (losing) effects and/or body fat mass-reducing effects). Specifically, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the combination of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor and a sweetener having a GLP-1 secretion-stimulating action, as well as use thereof for the manufacture of a medicament. The present invention also provides a method for treating or preventing obesity, comprising administering an effective amount of (a) a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor and (b) a sweetener having a GLP-1 secretion-stimulating action to a patient suffering from symptoms of obesity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fucoidan-derived low molecular weight compound with a good quality of taste, which has a specified structure and function and is free from problems in absorption, antigenicity, uniformity, an anticoagulant activity and so on, which problems arise when developing fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide having an extremely large molecular weight, as drugs or health foods. As a result of analyzing low molecular weight compounds obtained by acid hydrolysis of fucoidan, the inventors have identified fucoidan oligosaccharides (I) to (XI). Further, these oligosaccharides have been found to have anti-obesity and/or blood glucose elevation suppressing effects through inhibition of carbohydrate and/or lipid absorption as a result of ?-glucosidase inhibition and/or lipase inhibition.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel methods of enhancing the solubility of a compound. Compositions prepared using such methods are also disclosed. Compositions prepared using the methods have various advantages over conventionally known compositions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided related to Pseudomonas bacteria. The compositions and methods may be used for diagnosis and therapy of medical conditions involving infection with Pseudomonas bacteria. Such infections include Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. A compound useful in the present methods may be used in combination with a therapeutic agent or may be linked to a therapeutic agent. Pseudomonas bacteria may be inhibited by blocking colonization, inhibiting virulence factors, arresting growth or killing the bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of treating inflammation of the eye comprising administering to an eye of a patient suffering from inflammation of the eye, a composition comprising an aqueous solution of alginate having a minimum of about 50% mannuronate residues based upon the total number of saccharide monomeric units.

Abstract: A composition, method of preparation1 and use to enhance the cosmetic feel of oil-in-water emulsions based upon the addition to the oil in water emulsion of one or more alkylpolyxylosides represented by formula: R—O—(X)p, wherein p is a decimal number between 1 and 5, wherein X is a xylose residue, and wherein R is a branched alkyl radical represented by the formula: CH(CnH2n+1)(CmH2m+1)—CH2— wherein m is an integer between 6 and 12, n is an integer between 8 and 16, and the sum of m+n is in the range of from about 14 to 26.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating a flavivirus infection, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in an individual suffering from a flavivirus infection. In some embodiments, the methods involve administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of an agent that inhibits enzymatic activity of a membrane-bound ?-glucosidase inhibitor. In other embodiments, the methods involve administering to an individual in need thereof effective amounts of an ?-glucosidase inhibitor and at least one additional therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Provided herein are small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth, their preparation, and their use for treatment of neurological disorders. In one embodiment, provided herein are methods of treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical conditions associated with neurological disorders using the compounds and compositions provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to agriculture. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis of a plant and more particularly of crop plants. In addition, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis and/or yield in crop plants, comprising an exposure thereof to lipo-chitooligosaccharides, and compositions therefor. Further, the invention relates to an agricultural composition for enhancing a plant crop photosynthetic rate and/or growth thereof comprising a photosynthetic rate-promoting amount of at least one lipo chitooligosaccharide (LCO) together with an agriculturally suitable carrier and methods using same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new pharmaceutical composition, a method of treatment of infection and also a process to prepare the composition. The infectious complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) remains the most severe nosocomial infection in intensive care units. Beta-lactams alone are always considered inadequate when P. aeruginosa and/or methicillin-resistant S. aureus are implicated as pathogens or copathognes. The present invention provides the desired empirical therapy for control of all bacterial infections. The invention provides antibiotic combination products for delivering at least two different antibiotics, through parenteral dosage form comprising protein-synthesis-inhibiting antibiotic which is amikacin or its sulphate salt and non-protein-synthesis-inhibiting antibiotic which is cefepime or its hydrochloride salt. The invention provides a total solution, against multiresistant P. aeruginosa, or Acinetobacter spp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel family of alkylated halogenated di- and trisaccharides which exhibit pharmaceutical efficacy in the areas of permeation enhancers, anti-microbial effects, anti-fugal effects, facilitation of diagnostic procedures. The invention further includes methods of treatment and diagnostic kits.

Abstract: A method for promoting expression of a heat shock protein, or for inhibiting cell injury or cell death, or for treating a disease for which cell or tissue protection is desired, or for promoting production of IL-10, or for inhibiting production of IL-8, by administering an effective amount of a fraction containing a hyaluronic acid tetrasaccharide comprising four saccharide residues and having certain physicochemical properties or by administering an effective amount of an isolated and substantially pure tetrasaccharide of formula (1) described in the application. Methods for preserving an organ.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of prebiotics for the preparation of food or pharmaceutical compositions which are intended for the treatment and/or prevention of hyperglycaemic syndromes and, in particular, for the treatment of Type II diabetes and/or the prevention of the onset of Type II diabetes in patients with a predisposition to developing the type of diabetes. The invention also relates to the food and pharmaceutical compositions containing the prebiotics.

Abstract: The present invention provides antituberculous therapeutic drugs with a higher potency. The present invention provides also antituberculous therapeutic drugs containing oxazole compounds represented by (I) general formula (1): [wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl group, n represents an integer of 0-6, and R2 represents general formula (A) or the like, wherein R3 represents a phenoxy group (at least one group selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an optionally halogen-substituted C1-6 alkyl group and an optionally halogen-substituted C1-6 alkoxy group may be substituted on the phenyl ring) or the like], optically active forms thereof or salts thereof, and drugs (II) such as primary antituberculous drugs.

Abstract: A process for preparing saccharide oligomers uses an aqueous feed composition that comprises at least one monosaccharide or linear saccharide oligomer, and has a solids concentration of at least about 70% by weight. The feed composition is heated to a temperature of at least about 40° C., and is contacted with at least one catalyst that accelerates the rate of cleavage or formation of glucosyl bonds, such as enzyme or acid, for a time sufficient to cause formation of non-linear saccharide oligomers. A product composition is produced that contains a higher concentration of non-linear saccharide oligomers than linear saccharide oligomers.

Abstract: A method for promoting expression of a heat shock protein, or for inhibiting cell injury or cell death, or for treating a disease for which cell or tissue protection is desired, or for promoting production of IL-10, or for inhibiting production of IL-8, by administering an effective amount of a fraction containing a hyaluronic acid tetrasaccharide comprising four saccharide residues and having certain physicochemical properties or by administering an effective amount of an isolated and substantially pure tetrasaccharide of formula (1) described in the application. Methods for preserving an organ.

Abstract: The invention relates to sulfated oligosaccharides, more particularly to new pharmaceutical uses of sulfated oligosaccharides. The invention provides a method of preventing, treating or alleviating the symptoms of acute and chronic’, inflammatory disorders of the airways of mammals—including asthma and asthma-related pathologies. The invention further provides use of a sulfated oligosaccharide in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders of the airways of mammals. The invention yet further provides use of a sulfated oligosaccharide to preventing, treating or alleviating the symptoms of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders of the airways of mammals—including asthma and asthma-related pathologies.

Abstract: Compositions which include a homotrimer, heterotrimer, homotetramer, and/or heterotetramer of a component such as pentose, hexose, an L or D isomer of a pentose or hexose, a ?-form of a pentose or hexose, oxidized derivatives and mixtures of such compounds are disclosed as agglutination agents. The disclosed compositions are useful for agglutination of enteric pathogens and may be used for selectively controlling and regulating the microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject.

Abstract: 2-Deoxygalactose and its analogs can be used to treat cancer and to improve patient outcome when administered in therapeutically effective doses alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs or with surgical resection or radiation therapy.

Abstract: Adenoviral infections and in particular ocular adenoviral infections, e.g. keratoconjunctivitis, can be treated or alleviated by the administration of a substance, interfering with the interaction between the virus and the sialic acid receptor, in a therapeutically effective amount.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a novel method for improving the stool characteristics, reducing the incidence of diarrhea, and firming the stool of a formula-fed infant of a formula-fed infant has been discovered. The method comprises administering to the infant at least one prebiotic and hydrolyzed pectin.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of beta linked low molecular weight polymers of galactosamine and glucosamine has been developed. Through the use of high amounts of activating agents, efficient coupling of stable monomers is achieved. Using this process, chain extension is through the addition of single monomers, providing populations of single chain length polyhexosamines.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a fluid for peritoneal dialysis with satisfactory body fluid removability, high biocompatibility, and improved storage stability, and the object is attained by a fluid for peritoneal dialysis containing one or more saccharides selected from cyclonigerosylnigerose, cyclomaltosylmaltose, and L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for organ preservation, comprising an inulin type fructan as an active ingredient. The composition for organ preservation can suppress the hypofunction of an organ and damage to a histological structure and can improve the state of preservation of the organ in the course of organ transplantation and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of their production and use, including use in increasing de-N-acetyl sialic acid antigen of a mammalian cell and methods that exploit the increase in deNAc sialic acid antigen on such cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates a retard formulation for oral administration together with a meal comprising at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) as well as an amount of an agent being able to form a gas (hereinafter also referred to as gas forming agent or gas former), which gas forming agent achieves a homogeneous mixture of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, hereinafter referred to as API, with the content of the stomach, hence providing a continuous initial absorption phase of the API.

Abstract: Compositions of plant carbohydrates for dietary supplements and nutritional support for promotion and maintenance of good health. Defined nutritionally effective amounts of one to eleven essential saccharides, glyconutrients, are used in various inventive compositions as dietary supplements. The dietary composition herein can include phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, and other non-toxic nutrients. The glyconutritional dietary supplement herein provides essential saccharides which are the building blocks of glycoproteins. These compositions, when administered orally or topically, have been found to improve the well being of mammals suffering from a variety of disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a class of linkable tetrasaccharide compounds that includes the amino phenyl glycoside of sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) and related analogs. These compounds have conjugatable nucleophilic groups, making them useful in preparing multimeric SLeX compositions. In particular, the disclosed SLeX compounds can be used to prepare selectin binding ligand conjugates by linking them to a reporter moiety, such as a contrast agent, a radiodiagnostic agent, or a cytotoxic or chemotherapeutic agent. The SLeX compounds and conjugates of the invention exhibit binding to selectin that is similar to native Sialyl LeX, and are, therefore, useful for diagnosing and treating selectin-mediated disorders and related conditions.

Abstract: Alpha crystalline form of strontium ranelate of formula (I): characterized by its powder X-ray diffraction diagram and by a water content of from 22 to 24%. Medicinal products containing the same which are useful in the treatment of osteoporosis and arthrosis.

Abstract: Compositions for oral and/or topical administration of a prebiotic and a polyphenol or a plant extract containing a polyphenol, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. The compositions are disclosed as enhancing the body's population of beneficial microorganisms for improving health and well-being.

Abstract: Nanoparticles of a biodegradable polymer containing a hydrophilic, cationic drug, like streptomycin, and preparations containing the same, are disclosed. Pharmaceutical preparations containing the nanoparticles are administered, preferably orally, to individuals suffering from a disease or condition, and the nanoparticles release the drug, in vivo, to treat the disease or condition.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a lipid-regulating agent or a composition for regulating the amount of lipids comprising the agent. The present invention solves the above object by providing a lipid-regulating agent comprising a cyclic tetrasaccharide and/or its saccharide-derivative(s) and a composition for regulating the amount of lipids comprising the lipid-regulating agent.