Abstract: This invention is directed to a derivative of a reducing sugar, said reducing sugar having molecular weights of from 120 to 2000, in that said derivative having at least one methylol group which branches the carbon structure of the reducing sugar in the .alpha.- and/or .alpha.'-position to the carbonyl group or cyclohemiacetal group of the reducing sugar.

Abstract: Flexible, resilient, polyurethane foam having improved flame retardancy and intumescent properties is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising a polyester polyol, an organic polyisocyanate, a blowing agent, a surfactant, a catalyst, a melamine derivative wherein one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a methylol and/or lower alkoxymethyl group, a flame retardant, and hydrated alumina. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrated alumina is predispersed in a mixture comprising the melamine derivative, the flame retardant, and a low-viscosity linear polyester polyol.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams exhibiting excellent thermal and oxidative stability can be prepared using as the polymerization or gel catalyst a composition containing at least one organotin compound containing phosphorus and at least one organotin compound wherein a halogen atom is bonded to tin or phosphorus. The terminal properties of foams obtained using the present catalyst compositions are superior to those exhibited by foams prepared using gel catalyst compositions wherein tin, phosphorus and a halogen are present but the phosphorus and halogen are not in the same molecule as the tin atom. The halogen containing tin compound and the phosphorus-containing tin compound may be identical or different. The recovery properties of the foam can be improved by the presence of a carboxylic acid in the catalyst composition.

Abstract: Polyurethane elastomeric foam by foaming a prepolymer or polyisocyanates and compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms reactive to isocyanates, and a chain-lengthening polyamine agent, in the presence of an expanding agent containing a component reactive with the polyamine chain-lengthening agent or with the products of reaction thereof with polyisocyanates, and split-off gas.

Abstract: The acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of a wetting agent yields an open-cell, solid foam when the reaction medium contains gas bubbles which are preferably produced by stirring air into the reaction mixture. By carrying out the acetalization in the presence of a nucleic acid a porous shaped article is obtained in which the cells are uniformly distributed. The dried shaped article absorbs a multiple of its weight of water. It can be used for household and industrial purposes.

Abstract: This invention relates to new, hydrophilic, fabric softener foam compositions having improved release ability of the fabric softener abetted by the addition of a hydrophilic polyether polyol release agent to the aqueous reactant containing the fabric softener prior to reacting the aqueous reactant with a hydrophilic, isocyanate-terminated prepolymer to form the foam.

Abstract: A low reactive pressure flame-retardant polyurethane foam made by reacting together a polymeric isocyanate, a polyol, an aqueous solution of a carbohydrate, calcium acid phosphate, sodium aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and a flame retardant. A blowing agent may be present.

Abstract: A process for preparing an integral-skinned polyurethane foam wherein a foamable composition for formation of polyurethane which comprises a polyol, polyisocyanate, cross-linking agent, catalyst, and blowing agent is reacted and expanded in a mold, characterized in that(a) said polyol is a polyether polyol having a terminal ethylene oxide adduct rate of at least 60%, an OH number of 20 to 100 and a functionality of 4 to 8, or a polyester polyol having a functionality of 4 to 8;(b) said polyisocyanate is a non-aromatic polyisocyanate having an isocyanate index of 90 to 130;(c) said cross-linking agent is diethanolamine and ranges from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said polyol;(d) said catalyst is an organometallic salt; and(e) said blowing agent is a halogenated hydrocarbon of a low boiling point.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbodiimide- and/or uretonimine-isocyanurate-containing polyisocyanates, to the process for their preparation, and to microcellular foams prepared therefrom.These compositions may be prepared in the presence of the appropriate catalyst by(a) a partial trimerization of a mixture of polyisocyanate and carbodiimide and uretonimine containing polyisocyanate with trimer catalyst to the desired free isocyanate level,(b) sequential, partial carbodiimidization followed by partial trimerization of a polyisocyanate to the desired free isocyanate level(c) sequential partial trimerization of a polyisocyanate followed by partial carbodiimidization,(d) simultaneous conversion using the mixed catalyst system of carbodiimide and isocyanurate catalysts reacted to the desired free isocyanate level, and(e) blending liquid polyisocyanate with the carbodiimide and uretonimine containing polyisocyanate and isocyanurate containing polyisocyanate to the desired isocyanate level.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant composition is provided wherein the major component is a triphosphate ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkylene radical of from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms and the halosubstituted derivatives thereof, R' represents an alkylene radical of from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, X represents a halogen of chlorine or bromine, and n is an integer of from 1 to 5. In the preferred composition, R is ethylene or propylene and R' is ethylene, X is chlorine and n is 1. The compositions are less fugitive than the prior art diphosphate compositions yet easier to prepare than low volatility phosphates presently manufactured by polycondensation.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foam having reduced tendency to form burning embers and which produces a char when it is ignited and burned is provided by incorporating into the reaction mixture before foaming an aldehyde or an aldehyde generator.In a preferred embodiment, flexible polyurethane foam of increased flame retardance is provided by also incorporating a flame retardant into the reaction mixture before foaming.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing flame retardant flexible polyurethane foams having a porosity in the range between 0.5 and 10 cubic feet per minute. A polyol having an average molecular weight between about 250 and about 6,500 is reacted with toluene diisocyanate which comprises a mixture of the isomers of 2,4- and 2,6- toluene diisocyanate. The concentration of 2,4- toluene diisocyanate isomer is not critical. The formulation of the present invention includes a flame retardant mixture of a plasticizer and dibromoneopentyl glycol. The plasticizer is either a halogenated phosphonate or halogenated phosphate ester. Chlorine is the preferred halogen atom. The weight ratio of those ingredients is between about 50/50 and about 90/10 with the ratio 85/15 preferred. The concentration of that mixture is from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight of the polyol.

Abstract: A polyol is produced as the reaction product of dibromonepentyl glycol and tetrabromophthalic anhydride with defined alkyoxides. This polyol can be used to produce a insulating foam having flame retardant properties.

Abstract: Advantageous rigid polyurethane foam properties (e.g. compressive strength) can be improved and the proportions of polymerization catalyst and/or surfactant needed to provide a given level of such properties can be lowered by preparing such foams from compositions comprising, in addition to the conventional foam-forming reactants including polyisocyanate and polyol, from about 3% to about 10% , based on the weight of the polyol, of a plasticizer selected from essentially halogen-free phosphates and carboxylates containing at least one aryl radical, e.g. isodecyl diphenyl phosphate or butyl benzyl phthalate.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for a polymeric foam such as a polyurethane foam prepared from a reaction mixture comprising an organic polyisocyanate compound and a compound having more than one active hydrogen, wherein the blowing agent comprises a mixture of ethanol and dibutylphthalate. The molar ratio of ethanol to dibutylphthalate is preferably in the range of from about 1.5 to about 4.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foam having reduced tendency to form burning embers when it is ignited and burned is provided by incorporating into the reaction mixture before foaming a ketone or benzaldehyde.In a preferred embodiment, flexible polyurethane foam of increased flame retardance is provided by also incorporating a flame retardant into the reaction mixture before foaming.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam is provided which is fire retardant and non-dripping upon exposure to flame. The flexible polyurethane foam is prepared by the reaction of a polyol, an isocyanate and a protein.

Abstract: Poly(aldehyde amino silicate) foams are produced by mixing an amino compound, an aldehyde, a silicon oxide compound and a blowing agent; then a curing agent is added, thereby producing a rigid, porous product.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant composition is provided wherein the major component is a triphosphate ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkylene radical of from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms and the halosubstituted derivatives thereof, R' represents an alkylene radical of from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, X represents a halogen of chlorine or bromine, and n is an integer of from 1 to 5. In the preferred composition, R is ethylene or propylene and R' is ethylene, X is chlorine and n is 1. The compositions are less fugitive than the prior art diphosphate compositions yet easier to prepare than low volatility phosphates presently manufactured by polycondensation.

Abstract: Diaryliodonium salts have been found to be effective thermal initiators for the polymerization of a variety of cationically polymerizable materials including epoxides, cyclic ethers, phenol formaldehyde resins, etc., when used in combination with various cocatalysts. Among the cocatalysts which have been found to be effective are, for example, copper chelates and mixtures of such copper chelates with various reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, tin.sup.+2 salts, etc.

Abstract: Urethane polymers are produced by reacting isocyanate with hydroxyl compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of a chelating catalyst or cocatalyst which is a complex of a chelating agent with metallic ions and which does not react with the reagents.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to phosphonates of the formulae: ##STR1## in which n represents an integer of from 0 to 3,R represents H or --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --COOM,m represents an integer of from 0 to 3,M represents an alkali metal, or NR'.sub.4 wherein R' represents H or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; ##STR2## in which A represents (CH.sub.2).sub.x or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 arylene (preferably phenylene),x represents an integer of from 0 to 5,R' and R" which may be the same or different representM represents an alkali metal, or NR'.sub.4.The invention is also directed to the use of these phosphonates as trimerization catalysts.

Abstract: Polyurethane foam formulations containing halogenated phosphate ester additives are inhibited against scorching through the use of an effective amount of 4,4'-bis(.alpha., .alpha.-dimethylbenyl)diphenylamine.

Abstract: A method of producing polyurea foams is disclosed. The polyurea foam is produced by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with water in the presence of urea or by reacting a crude tolylene diisocyanate or a mixture of crude tolylene diisocyanate and crude diphenylmethane diisocyanate as an organic polyisocyanate with water in the presence of an amine catalyst, a silicone surfactant and, if necessary, a tin catalyst.

Abstract: Addition compounds based on:(a) phospholine oxides, phospholine sulphides, phospholane oxides or phospholane sulphides, and(b) mono-, di- and/or polyalcohols with a molecular weight of 32 to 250 or protonic acids whose N/10 aqueous solutions have a pH of between 1 and 8 or metal salts or acid chlorides are disclosed. These addition compounds are useful as catalysts for the preparation of carbodiimides, particularly carbodiimide foams which have improved properties.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of polyurea foams which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with at least a chemically equivalent amount of water in the presence of an imidazole compound.

Abstract: Improved hydrophilic crosslinked polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting (a) an isocyanate-capped polyoxyethylene prepolymer with (b) at least 20 moles of water per mole of NCO groups in the presence of (c) alumina hydrate, (d) a phosphorus fire-retardant additive and (e) an organic carbon compound which serves to react with phosphate anions at high temperatures (e.g., in the presence of a flame) and reinforces the char provided by combustion of the foam.

Abstract: Synergistic stabilizer combinations consisting of phenols such as 2,6,-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, amines such as 4,4'-bis(alpha,alpha- dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine and p,p'-di-octyldiphenylamine, and phosphites such as phenyldidecylphosphite with 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid triester of 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H-trione are employed as oxidative stabilizers for polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols and for the prevention of scorch in polyurethane foams prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Flexible urethane foams having a low density and capable of preventing spontaneous combustion during production and storage are produced by compounding 5.0-12.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyhydroxylcompounds, of water and not less than 0.1 part by weight of aromatic amine antioxidant, further preferably not less than 0.01 part by weight of phosphorous acid triesters in the usual combination of polyhydroxyl compounds, polyisocyanates, water, catalysts, surfactants, foaming agent and other additives.

Abstract: Low temperature curable organic resin compositions, for example, epoxy resins are provided, which can be either exothermically cured or cured in several minutes or less at relatively low temperatures. Certain diaryliodonium salts have been found to spontaneously release strong protonic acids when used in combination with a copper salt and a reducing agent.

Abstract: Covers a water-modified diisocyanate mixture obtained from water-treating a diphenylmethane diisocyanate to provide a diisocyanate mixture comprising 3-25 percent by weight of diphenylmethane biuret isocyanate and 75-97 percent diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Also covers the use of said water-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate in preparing an improved polyurethane or polyisocyanurate polymer. Also covers said polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a mixture of various low molecular weight hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxyketones and polyhydric alcohols by the condensation of formaldehyde with itself. The essential feature of the improvement is that unpurified synthesis gases of the kind obtained from the large scale industrial production of formaldehyde can be used directly as the source of formaldehyde.

Abstract: Production of urethane foams of increased fire resistance by mixing an ethylenic, e.g. allyl or vinyl, phosphorus compound with a polyol and polymerizing the polyol with polyisocyanate while simultaneously polymerizing the ethylenic phosphorus compound with a suitable catalyst to form an interpenetrating network of urethane polymer and phosphorus-containing polymer.

Abstract: There is provided an intumescent composition comprising a cyclic nitrogen compound, a phosphorus polyol, a phosphorus acid, and water.

Abstract: An expansion agent comprising a foamable mixture of (a) 15-53 weight % of a foaming agent having 6 to 78 carbon atoms selected from the group of an ammonium salt, aliphatic amine salt and/or an alkali metal salt of an alkyl sulfate, hydroxyalkyl sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate and/or aryl alkyl ether sulfate; (b) 5-42 weight % of a dispersant having 22 to 260 carbon atoms selected from the group of an alkyl alkyleneoxy amine and/or its quaternary alkylsulfate, alkylhalide or alkylphosphate derivative; and (c) 5-40 weight % of a stabilizer having 8 to 68 carbon atoms selected from the group of a sodium and/or potassium salt of an alkyl sulfosuccinate; and the combination of said mixture with a synthetic resin, latex or natural rubber to provide a coating or finishing composition; the process of applying said composition to a substrate and the treated substrate product having incorporated the composition of the invention.

Abstract: Hydrolytic stability of flexible polyesterurethane foam containing haloalkyl phosphate fire retardant is substantially increased by including a small amount of alkyl benzyl phthalate in the reaction mixture used in preparation of the foam.

Abstract: Liquid flame-retardants for polyurethane compositions are disclosed. The liquid flame-retardants contain a mixture of a bromohydrin of pentaerythritol, a polyhydric alcohol, and a sufficient amount of a flame-retardant organo-phosphorus compound to render the mixture a substantially solids-free liquid at 25.degree. C., one atmosphere pressure. Illustrative of these flame-retardants is a solution of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol, a cyclic phosphonate ester of the formula ##STR1## where x=0 or 1, and a poly(oxypropylene) adduct of glycerol having an average molecular weight of about 300.

Abstract: Poly(aldehyde amino silicate) foams are produced by mixing an amino compound, an aldehyde, a silicon oxide compound and a blowing agent; then a curing agent is added, thereby producing a rigid, porous product.

Abstract: The discoloration of low density polyurethane foams produced with certain flame retardants is reduced by incorporating certain amine antioxidants into the foam. The amine antioxidants can be employed by admixing with the flame retardant from about 0.25 to about 5.0 percent of the amine antioxidant by weight of the flame retardant.

Abstract: Advantageous rigid polyurethane foam properties (e.g. compressive strength) can be improved and the proportions of polymerization catalyst and/or surfactant needed to provide a given level of such properties can be lowered by preparing such foams from compositions comprising, in addition to the conventional foam-forming reactants including polyisocyanate and polyol, from about 3% to about 10%, based on the weight of the polyol, of a plasticizer selected from essentially halogen-free phosphates and carboxylates containing at least one aryl radical, e.g. isodecyl diphenyl phosphate or butyl benzyl phthalate.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a new polyurethane composition having improved flame retardance and to a method for preparing same. The present composition includes a hydrophilic polyurethane having alumina hydrate and a phosphorus containing compound disposed therein.

Abstract: Novel haloalkyl polyphosphates are prepared by reacting at elevated temperatures a halosubstituted alkyl phosphate such as, for example, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and an unsubstituted trialkyl phosphate such as, for example, triethyl phosphate. The character of the mixture of the thermal condensates formed can be influenced by the ratio of reactants employed and the extent to which the reaction is allowed to proceed. The resulting reaction products possess superior flame retardant efficiency and impart durable flame resistance when incorporated into flexible urethane foams.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of inorganic-organic resins, by reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with aqueous basic solutions having an inorganic solid content of from 20 to 80% by weight in the presence of catalysts and optionally other additives, characterized in that the organic polyisocyanate and the aqueous basic solution are used in a proportion by weight of between 80:20 and 10:90 parts by weight and that organic ammonium compounds are used as catalysts.

Abstract: The discoloration of low density polyurethane foams produced with certain flame retardants is reduced by incoporating into the foam phenothiazine and amine antioxidants. The phenothiazine and amine antioxidants can be employed by admixing with the flame retardant from about 0.25 to about 5.0 percent of the phenothiazine-amine antioxidant combination by weight of the flame retardant.

Abstract: The discoloration of low density polyurethane foams produced with certain flame retardants is reduced by incorporating phenothiazine into the foam. The phenothiazine can be employed by admixing with the flame retardant from about 0.25 to about 5.0 percent phenothiazine by weight of the flame retardant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing organosilicate polymers by reaction of a water glass solution with a compound having at least two isocyanate groups. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a zwitterion compound acting as catalyst and optionally in the presence of propellants and/or water glass hardening agents, the zwitterion compound having in the molecule at least one group with positive charge, at least one group with negative charge, and additionally at least one hydrogen atom with Zerewitinov activity.

Abstract: Use of phosphites as scorch inhibitors in polyurethane foams containing halogenated phosphate polyester additives.

Abstract: Novel esters of pentavalent phosphorus acid having the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN R and R' are haloalkyl containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 1 to 6 halogen atoms; n is an integer of from 1 to 3; each X is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, or hydroxyl, provided that at least one X is hydroxyl. The above compounds are effective reactive flame retardants in polyurethane and polyester polymeric compositions.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the probability of scorch in flame retarded flexible polyurethane foam without preparing a large quantity of foam is described. A microwave oven is utilized to heat a foam sample pursuant to the invention. The method is useful to predict the probability that flame retarded foam will scorch on curing and therefore can be used to avoid damage to large commercial quantities of foam. The method can also be used to screen flame retardants for polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Flame retardant polyurethane foams are prepared from compositions containing as flame retardant additives, a select group of halogenated phosphate esters.