Abstract: Epoxy resins have been found to be fortified (increased in strength and modulus yet not made brittle) by compounding:(a) a resin-forming polyepoxide(b) an amine curing agent for (a) and(c) a fortifier for (a)+(b) comprising the reaction product of(i) an aromatic polyhydroxy compound and(ii) a diepoxide with one epoxy group less reactive than the other:and heat curing the mixture. Strengths as high as 140 MPa and moduli as high as 4500 MPa have been attained with a ductile mode of failure.

Abstract: Advanced epoxy resins prepared by the reaction of diglycidyl ethers of di-secondary alcohols and dihydric phenols, said advanced resins being heat curable with suitable curing agents to afford cured coating compositions exhibiting a variety of excellent physical properties and performance characteristics.

Abstract: An epoxy resin curing composition comprising a novel curing agent which is obtained by the amidation with elimination of alcohol between an adduct of a carboxyl-containing acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer with an epoxidized fatty acid ester and an amide-forming nitrogenous compound. This composition exhibits improved adhesion involving peel strength to plastics, rubbers or flexible vinyl chloride resins and is excellent in mechanical strength and resistance to water and alkali and particularly to acid.

Abstract: A tough, durable, high temperature epoxy tooling composition for making cast-to-size forming tools. The composition comprises a bisphenol-A epoxy, a trifunctional aromatic epoxy, an anhydride catalyst, and an imidazole catalyst. The composition may optionally contain a filler system comprising filler particles having different diameters that are interstitially-matched.

Abstract: The process for preparing an adhesive composition comprising mixing(a) an epoxy resin component composed of an epoxy resin and the partial reaction product of a polyepoxide with a phenolic compound, with(b) a hardener component composed of a primary and secondary amine containing polyamine or a poly amido-amine and a tertiary amine containing epoxy curing catalyst is described.

Abstract: Halogenated aromatic epoxy resins are disclosed wherein the halogen atoms are in the meta position with respect to a glycidyl ether group attached to an aromatic ring.Advanced epoxy resins are disclosed which result from the reaction of a relatively low molecular weight epoxy resin and a polyhydric phenol wherein at least one of the reactants contains at least one halogen atom which is meta with respect to a glycidyl ether group or a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring. These advanced epoxy resins, when cured with a suitable curing agent, possess an improvement as compared to an advanced epoxy resin containing halogen atoms which are ortho with respect to a glycidyl ether group in at least one of thermal stability, glass transition temperature, relationship of viscosity to molecular weight and resistance to forming hydrolyzed halides in the presence of a refluxing solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: This invention is directed to adducts of a polycaprolactone polyol and a polyepoxide comprising the reaction product of at least one polycaprolactone polyol and a polyepoxide containing two or more epoxy groups per molecule in a molar ratio of polycaprolactone polyol to polyepoxide of from about 2:1 to about 3:1, said adducts having an oxirane content of less than about 0.10 percent and a viscosity of less than about 3700 centistokes at 54.5.degree. C. The adducts are useful in the formulation of high solids coating compositions, polyurethane elastomers, inks, sealants, adhesives and the like.

Abstract: N-glycidyl derivatives of certain benzo-N-heterocycles, such as 2-(3H)-benzoxazolone, may be employed as latently cross-linkable reactive diluents for epoxy resins.

Abstract: 2,6-Disubstituted 4-epoxypropyl glycidyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a group R' or X is a group of the formula ##STR2## and each of R and R' independently of the other is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, a halogen atom or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, can be used, together with customary epoxy resin hardeners, for the preparation of cured products, in particular for application in the electronics industry, or as adhesives. Compounds of the formula are also valuable reactive diluents for curable epoxy resin mixtures.

Abstract: A heat stable, non-thermoset epoxy resin composition is disclosed which comprises reacting (A) a mixture containing (1) a relatively high molecular weight epoxy resin and (2) a relatively low molecular weight epoxy resin with (B) a monohydric phenol, a monocarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof or a monohydric alcohol. The composition does not exhibit an excessive viscosity increase at elevated temperatures making it particularly suitable for use in highway marking paint applications.

Abstract: Oligomeric resins are crosslinkable by polymerization, soluble or dispersible in aqueous alkaline solutions, preferably contain more than 2 (meth)acryloyl groups and free carboxyl groups and are prepared by a special process. Photosensitive, photopolymerizable and crosslinkable recording materials for optical information fixing are based on these oligomeric resins, and lithographic printing plates are produced by a process in which the novel photosensitive recording materials are used.

Abstract: Vinyl ester resins are prepared by reacting a polyepoxide of a co-oligomerization product of a mixed cyanate of a polyphenol and a polymaleimide with a monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method for preparing an advanced epoxy cationic resin from an epoxy-based resin containing oxirane groups by converting at least some of the oxirane groups to cationic groups, wherein the improvement is using as the epoxy-based resin an advanced epoxy resin obtained by reacting in the presence of a suitable catalyst (1) a diglycidylether of a polyetherpolyol, such as a condensation product of dipropylene glycol and epichlorohydrin having an epoxy equivalent weight of 185, (2) a diglycidylether of a dihydric phenol, for example a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and (3) a dihydric phenol such as bisphenol A and optionally a capping agent such as p-nonylphenol.Coating compositions suitable for electrodeposition are prepared from the product obtained by the process.

Abstract: A cationic ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ether ("CE") in conjunction with an unsaturated alcohol (propagator) having a styryl or substituted styryl group, produces a polyether macromer having the styryl group near one end and a hydroxyl group at the other. The polymerization proceeds by polyaddition of the CE to the OH group which is the propagating species. The CE is an alkylene oxide or an aliphatic or aromatic glycidyl ether; the propagator is a primary or secondary alcohol. The catalyst is a Friedel-Crafts acid, strong protic organic or inorganic acid, oxonium salt, or the like. Plural cyclic ethers may be (a) sequentially polymerized to form macromer block copolyethers, or, (b) polymerized randomly to form macromer copolyether copolymers. The cationically ring-opened macromer formed always contains a trace of a cyclic oligomer of the CE.

Abstract: A substantially linear polyhydroxy polyether, which (1) is composed substantially of aromatic units and aliphatic units, the proportion of the aromatic units being 50 to 98 mole % based on the total amount of the aromatic units and the aliphatic units, (2) has an intrinsic viscosity, measured at 25.degree. C. in o-chlorophenol, of from 0.3 to 2 dl/g, and (3) has a glass transition, temperature of from 30.degree. to 120.degree. C. Two processes for preparing the polyhydroxy polyether are proposed. The polyhydroxy polyether is useful in applications which require gas-barrier property.

Abstract: Novel condensation polymers are of the unit formula--O--A--OCO--B--CO--,--O--A--OOCNH--D--NHCO--, or--O--CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 --O--A--O--CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 O--E--wherein A is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted 8,9-bis(hydroxyalkyl)-exo-3,4,5-trithiatricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]decane of the formula ##STR1## B is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid; D is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate; E is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dihydroxylic chain extender for a diglycidyl ether of the trithiatricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]decane and n is 1-10.

Abstract: In a process of polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated compounds by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a free radical-forming initiator system and optionally customary protective colloids and/or emulsifiers and optional known additives in a reactor whose surfaces contact the reaction components, the improvement comprising providing the reactor surfaces with a coating that at least suppresses polymer deposit formation without effecting the color and quality of the polymer.

Abstract: Vinyl ester resins are prepared by reacting a polyepoxide of a co-oligomerization product of a mixed cyanate of a polyphenol and a polymaleimide with a monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Cathodically depositable binders water-dilutable upon neutralization comprising the reaction product of amine adducts of polyglycidylethers of polyphenols having an amine value based on tertiary amine groups of between about 30 and about 130 mg KOH/g, a hydroxy value based on primary hydroxy groups of between about 20 and about 200 mg KOH/g, and an average molecular weight of from about 1000 to about 20,000 with 0.5 to 20% b.w. based on the weight of the adduct of a polyoxyalkylene glycidyl ether to provide an adduct having polyoxyalkylene segments. The introduced hydrophilic segments allow for a reduction in the degree of neutralization necessary for stability of an electrodeposition bath which favorably influences the deposition equivalent and throwing power of the binder in a cathodic electrodeposition system.

Abstract: Epoxy resins reacted with an oxirane group containing phosphonate of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R.sub.1 is lower alkyl are described. The backbone of the epoxy resin contains a functional substituent which reacts with (I) preferably a hydroxyl substituent. The cured epoxy resins reacted with the phosphonate (I) have improved flame resistance or glass temperatures.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition of an epoxy resin mixture of 1,2 epoxy resin having at least two epoxide groups per molecule and a polyglycol diepoxide having viscosity of 2,000-5,000 centipoises at 25.degree. C. and in addition small but effective amounts of both a catalytic hardener and an accelerator has special utility in the production of composite molded bodies of electrical insulation having thermoplastic shells because of its unique combination of properties including thermal stability, thermal-cycling crack resistance, high impact strength, toughness, room-temperature curability and bondability to both thermoplastic and metallic surfaces, and because it does not stress crack thermoplastic shells to which it is bonded in curing.

Abstract: Multifunctional epoxy resins are prepared by reacting (1) a polyglycidyl ether of a polyhydroxyl-containing material said glycidyl ether having an average of at least 0.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions suitable for photocopolymerization comprising (a) an epoxide containing two or more epoxy groups, and (b) a hydroxyl substituted cycloaliphatic monoepoxide. The composition may additionally contain a poly (active hydrogen) organic compound and/or a photoinitiator. A coating produced from such a composition has a good combination of properties. Especially preferred are compositions further containing a vinyl cycloaliphatic monoepoxide and diazonium or onium photoinitiator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition of an epoxy resin and about 0.1 to about 2 moles per epoxy equivalent weight of a .beta.-diketo amide having the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl to C.sub.20, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and arylalkyl, R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R.sub.1, and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and R.sub.1. A .beta.-diketo modified epoxy resin is also disclosed which has the general formula ##STR2## The .beta.-diketo modified epoxy resin is used in resin compositions to increase their adherence to metals and to chelate with metal containing catalysts, forming self-catalyzed resins.

Abstract: A vinyl or acrylic polymer-modified epoxy resin comprising a reaction product of(A) an epoxy group-containing vinyl or acrylic polymer,(B) a bisphenol compound, and(C) a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol compound.

Abstract: 100 percent solids epoxy, nitrile coating compositions comprising:(a) epoxy resins, and(b) epoxy-nitrile monomers which are useful for protective coatings.The invention further includes a process for producing the 100 percent solids epoxy nitrile coating compositions comprising:(1) forming a mixture of the epoxy resins with the epoxy nitrile monomers and curing agents,(2) applying the mixture to a substrate to form a coating, and(3) curing the coating so that in situ copolymerization of the epoxy resin and epoxy-nitrile monomer results in a multifunctional epoxy nitrile coating system.

Abstract: The instant invention is an epoxy resin curing agent based upon an epoxidized polyol containing aromatic and polyalkylene ether moities in which substantially all of the epoxide groups are reacted with a polyamine wherein each primary amine in the resulting reaction product is further reacted with a monoepoxide or a monocarboxylic acid. The resulting epoxy resin curing agent may be used in a water based system for curing epoxide resins. The curing agent is rendered water soluble or water dispersible by salting with a conventional volatile monocarboxylic acid such as acetic, formic or propionic acid.

Abstract: Coatings are prepared from epoxy resin compositions prepared by reacting an epoxy resin composition containing an aliphatic diepoxide with a dihydric phenol. These coatings are useful as anti-chip coatings for automobiles and as coil coatings.

Abstract: The adhesive composition or compound of the invention comprises an epoxy resin, a reactive diluent and a hardener, and at least one of said components contains fluorine atoms. The adhesive composition containing fluorine atoms, according to the invention, provides a cured or hardened composition having small refractive index due to the presence of fluorine atoms. The refractive index of the hardened product may be freely controlled within the range of n.sub.D.sup.23 =1.415 to n.sub.D.sup.23 =1.570.The adhesive composition may be applied for the production of optical members for use in a communication system utilizing optical fibers or in a variety of optical instruments, and has improved heat resistance and adhesive property and is improved in matching of the refractive index with that of the material used for the optical member, such as optical fibers or glasses having lower refractive index used in a lens system.

Abstract: A general purpose expandable adhesive comprised of a spiroortho ester synthesized from the lactone, 6-caprolactone, and the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and 1,4-butanediol, Cab-o-Sil thickener/thixotrope, silica (325 mesh), and Unirez 2800, amidoamino curing agent, has superior tensile strength, superior bondability and with less void formation to aluminum, steel, wood, and cured concrete as compared with a general purpose adhesive which does not contain a spiroortho ester.

Abstract: Fiber-reinforced syntactic foam composites having a low specific gravity and a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 9.0.times.10.sup.-6 in/in/.degree.F. (16.2.times.10.sup.-6 cm/cm/.degree.C.) or less are prepared from a mixture of: a heat curable thermosetting resin comprising an uncured polyglycidyl aromatic amine, a polycarboxylic acid anhydride curing agent, and a chosen curing accelerator; hollow microspheres having a diameter of about 5 to 200 micrometers; and fibers having a length less than or equal to 250 micrometers. These composites are useful for forming lightweight structures for space applications.

Abstract: A novel copolymer comprising(a) repeating units of the formula:--OCH[(CH.sub.2).sub.p R.sub.f ]CH.sub.2 -- (Ia)or--OCH.sub.2 CH[(CH.sub.2).sub.p R.sub.f ]-- (Ib)wherein R.sub.f is C.sub.3 -C.sub.21 perfluoroalkyl and p is an integer of 1 to 10 and(b) repeating units of the formula:--(OCH.sub.2).sub.m (CH.sub.2).sub.n -- (II)wherein m is an integer of 1 to 4 and n is an integer of 2 to 10 when m is 1, an integer of 1 to 8 when m is 2 or an integer of 0 to (12-2m) when m is 3 or 4,--OCH.sub.2 CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 CH.sub.2 -- (III)wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 Cl, CH.sub.2 F, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, CH.sub.2 OCOCH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 OC.sub.6 H.sub.5, CH.sub.2 OH or CH.sub.2 CN provided that at least one of them is not hydrogen,--OCH.sub.2 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.q -- (IV)wherein q is 2 or 3, and/or--[(R.sup.3).sub.r --COO]-- (V)wherein R.sup.3 is CH.sub.2 or CF.sub.

Abstract: Triglycidyl compounds of the formula I ##STR1## and epoxy resin mixtures containing a triglycidyl compound of the formula I and a tetraglycidyl compound of the formula II ##STR2## in which formulae each of R and R' independently is a hydrogen atom, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl, and each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl.Thses compounds are valuable epoxy resins which are also suitable for the preparation of B-stage resins.

Abstract: Epoxy resins are prepared by reacting a mixture of (A) a diglycidyl ether of a dihydric aliphatic material, (B) a polyglycidyl ether of a polyhydric phenol having an average of at least about 2.6 glycidyl ether groups per molecule and optionally (C) a diglycidyl ether of a dihydric phenol with a dihydric phenol in the presence of a catalyst.Coating compositions containing the aforementioned epoxy resins have improved chip resistance, chemical resistance or pencil hardness when cured.

Abstract: Cured polyfunctional epoxy resins including tris(hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether are toughened by addition of polybrominated polymeric additives having an EE below 1500 to the pre-cure composition. Carboxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber is optionally present in the precure mixture as such or as a pre-formed copolymer with other reactants. Reinforced composites, particularly carbon-reinforced composites, of these resins are disclosed and shown to have improved toughness.

Abstract: The thermosetting powder lacquer is suited for covering the weld seams in metal containers for foodstuffs or beverages and comprises a mixture of at least two aromatic epoxide resins, a first component of which contains a maximum of two epoxide groups per molecule on the average and a second component of which contains more than two epoxide groups per molecule on the average, a hardener and a catalyst. As a hardener there is used a condensation product formed from the diglycidylether of bisphenol-A and bisphenol-A and as a catalyst dimethylaminophenol is used.

Abstract: A latent curing agent for epoxy resin, characterized in that the latent curing agent is an adduct obtained by reacting (a) a polyfunctional epoxy compound, (b) a compound having at least one OH, NH.sub.2, NH or SH group together with a tertiary amino group in the molecule and (c) a carboxylic acid anhydride is a good curing agent for epoxy resins. The present curing agent is useful in formulating storable, one-package, heat-curable epoxy resin-based compositions.

Abstract: An addition product obtained by reacting (a) a polyfunctional epoxy compound and (b) a compound having at least one functional group of OH group, SH group, COOH group and CONHNH.sub.2 group together with a tertiary amino group in the molecule, and an addition product obtained (a), (b) and (c) an organic compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms in the molecule (excluding a compound having an epoxy group or tertiary amino group) are good curing agents for epxoy resin. The curing agents are useful in formulating novel storable one-package, heat-curable epoxy resin-based compositions.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams employing vinyl polymer polyols made by polymerizing in situ via a free-radical mechanism one or more vinyl monomers in an epoxy resin-modified polyol are described. Preferably, styrene and acrylonitrile are copolymerized in a polyol made by adding epoxy resin to the alkoxylation of a polyol initiator having 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups. The vinyl polymer polyols of this invention give flexible polyurethane foams with greater load-bearing properties.

Abstract: Polyether polyols modified with adducts of epoxy resins, such as the diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A, and diamines, such as polyoxypropylenediamine, are described. The resulting modified polyether polyols have a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to 7,000 and are useful in the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams. The mole ratio of epoxy equivalents to amine equivalents in the adduct ranges from about 2/1 to 10/1.

Abstract: Adducts of imidazolidine compounds, such as the reaction product of ethylene diamine with cyclohexanone, are provided with organic polyepoxides, especially with low molecular weight polyepoxides where the imidazolidine acts as a chain extender, and the adduct is reacted with an acid to protonate at least 50% of the amine groups in the adduct. These protonated adducts can be dispersed in water to form dispersion which cure with various curing agents. Aqueous electrocoating baths can be provided which electrodeposit at the cathode.

Abstract: 1. An epoxy resin composition is described, comprising(1) a mixture of epoxides of Components (A), (B) and (C)Component (A):20 to 60 wt % of an epoxy compound having a spiroacetal ring represented by the formula: ##STR1## Component (B): 10 to 50 wt % of a brominated epoxy resinComponent (C):10 to 50 wt % of an epoxy resin selected from the group consisting of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F, novolac type epoxy resins and N,N,O-triglycidyl-aminophenol type epoxy resins, and(2) a hardening agent.

Abstract: Resin compositions are prepared by reacting an epoxy resin with an amine-substituted aromatic sulfonic acid amide at a temperature up to about 130.degree. C. The resultant product can be cured by heating to a temperature of at least about 150.degree. C. in the presence of suitable curing agents and in some instances in the absence of any curing agent.

Abstract: A polyglycidyl derivative of an aromatic diamine, aminophenol, or polyphenol and a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol are reacted with a bisphenol, in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature, to yield a reaction product wherein each glycidyl group is effectively endcapped with a moiety containing a free hydroxyl group. The ratio of equivalents of polyglycidyl compound to diglycidyl compound is 1 to 4 to 1 to 1, and of bisphenol to total glycidyl compounds is 1.8 to 1 to 2.4 to 1. Said product is useful for curing solid epoxy resins. The epoxy resins cured by said product have a dense crosslinked network resulting in concomitant superior coating properties especially chemical resistance while maintaining good flexibility.

Abstract: Curable synthetic resin mixtures, useful as surface coatings, are prepared by the reaction of solid or liquid epoxy resins with curing agents in turn prepared by the reaction of epichlorohydrin with a cycloaliphatic diprimary diamine in a molor ratio between 1:>1 to 1:2.

Abstract: Emulsion polymers produced by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium can be substantially improved by incorporating into the monomer mixture a minor amount of blend of epoxy resin and glycidyl acrylate. The epoxy modified emulsion polymers are particularly useful as ambient or low temperature thermosetting latices for film-forming coatings.

Abstract: Novel modified polyether polyols made by first optionally alkoxylating, subsequent reaction with epoxy resins and final alkoxylation of mixtures of initiators is described. The initiator mixture is made up of about 60 to 90 wt. % of a partially alkoxylated trifunctional initiator and 10 to 40 wt. % of a secondary partially alkoxylated initiator having an active hydrogen functionality of from 4 to 8. Preferably, the alkylene oxide component is a blend of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the resulting modified polyol molecules have 0.25 to 2.5 wt. % internally located epoxy resin. Flexible polyurethane foams made from these polyether polyols have improved load bearing properties as compared with those made from prior art polyols.

Abstract: Vinyl ester resin compositions containing triazine groups or both triazine and oxazoline groups are prepared by reacting (a) a polyepoxide containing triazine groups, or (b) a polyepoxide containing both triazine and oxazoline groups, or (c) a mixture of (a) and (b) above with (d) about 0.75 to about 1, preferably from about 0.9 to about 1, moles of a monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid or mixture of monounsaturated monocarboxylic acids per epoxide group in the presence of (e) a suitable quantity of a suitable catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is novel compounds containing one or more 2,3-epoxyalkyl carbamate moieties wherein the carbamate nitrogen is tertiary; prepared by a process which comprises(A) contacting an epihalohydrin carbonate with a secondary amine-containing compound wherein the secondary amine has a pKa of between 6 and 12, in a polar organic solvent under conditions such that a 3-halo-2-hydroxyalkyl carbamate wherein the carbamate nitrogen is tertiary is prepared; and(B) contacting the 3-halo-2-hydroxyalkyl carbamate with an alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, a secondary amine with a pH of 8 or grater, or an ion-exchange resin with pendant moieties containing hydroxide moieties or a secondary amine moiety with a pH of 8 or greater, in a lower alkanol solvent under conditions such that the 3-halo-2-hydroxy moieties are converted to 2,3-epoxyalkyl moieties so as to prepare a 2,3-epoxyalkyl carbamate.

Abstract: Stable polyepoxide blends are made from N,N-diglycidyl aromatic amines having alkyl substituents on one or both aromatic nucleus positions ortho to the amine group and polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols. Such blends are useful in various plastics applications when cured.