Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of .beta.-methyldigoxin by the selective methylation of digoxin with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of a basic strontium compound and, if appropriate, of an inert inorganic adsorbent. Strontium hydroxide octahydrate, strontium methylate or strontium hydroxymethylate is used as the basic strontium compound, and an oxide, silicate or phosphate of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, silicon or titanium, with a water content in the range of 0 to 20% by weight, is used as the inorganic adsorbent. The reaction is carried out at temperatures of -15.degree. to 15.degree. C. in the presence of 3 to 24 moles of water per mole of digoxin, the water being introduced in the reaction mixture by the water content of strontium hydroxide octahydrate and/or the inorganic adsorbent used and purification of the methylation product so formed by column chromatography on SiO.sub.2 with a mixture of chlorohydrocarbon and a lower aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: It has been discovered in accordance with the present invention that oxyalkylated derivatives of alkyl glucosides can be effectively reductively aminated by bringing the oxyalkylated alkyl glucoside feedstock into contact with a reductive amination catalyst in the presence of ammonia and hydrogen to provide derivatives containing both hydroxyl groups and amine groups. These derivatives are useful, for example, as gas scrubbing agents, raw materials for the preparation of corrosion inhibitors, epoxy curing agents, raw materials for the preparation of surfactants and as polyols for use in the preparation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: This application discloses polyether products of starch with several different etherifying agents, preferably the alkylene oxides, where the moles of etherifying agent per anhydroglucose unit are in the range from about 3.5 to about 50. Also disclosed are the hydrolyzates of the starch polyethers. Methods of producing the starch polyethers by base-catalyzed reactions are also described. Several applications for the polyether products are described, including rigid and flexible polyurethane foams, film-forming compositions, and foundry resin binders.

Abstract: What are disclosed are polysaccharide derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which n denotes a number from 100 to 12,500 and R denotes hydrogen, a carboxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical or a detectable molecular group, any combination of the (3n+2) R radicals being possible, but at least one R being a carboxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl group and at least one R being a detectable molecular group, and a process for their preparation and their use for the determination of endohydrolases, in indicator paper and for the detection of metabolites in biological liquids, are described.

Abstract: A process for purifying crude polyether polyols which are prepared by anionic polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of basic catalysts. The polyols are mixed with water and ortho-phosphoric acid in certain quantity ratios, an adsorption agent is incorporated in the reaction mixture, the mixture is filtered and the water is removed from the polyether polyol by distillation.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for producing amino polyols useful in preparing polyurethane foams. The improvement concerns charging ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine to the reaction vessel at the end of the oxide digestion step. The amine or ammonia scavenges the residual oxide and the resulting alkanol amine becomes one of the components of the polyol mixture. Alkanol amines are beneficial components of urethane polyols.In prior art industrial practice, residual oxide is vented to a scrubber system and then stripped to a low concentration.

Abstract: An endotoxin binding material affixed to a support is disclosed. One embodiment is a matrix material capable of binding endotoxins and comprising a polar, water-insoluble, high molecular weight polymer support to which is attached groups which adsorb endotoxin molecules. The groups comprise bifunctional aliphatic molecules, one end of which is bound to the support, the other end of which is bound to an aryl molecule. The invention has utility in the removal of endotoxins from biological fluids and other solutions and for concentrating endotoxins so that they may be subsequently detected and quantified.

Abstract: It has been found that certain insoluble hydrophilic cross-linked polysaccharides are useful pharmaceutical agents in diverting water elimination from the renal route to the gastrointestinal route, and removing excess water from the body by the gastrointestinal route. These properties are of specific therapeutic value in the treatment of edema, water intoxication in chronic renal failure, in reducing the frequency of hemodialysis, and in the treatment of other forms of fluid retention such as congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and other disorders associated with refractory swelling. Sephadex-brand insoluble hydrophilic, cross-linked dextrans are preferred in the practice of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel high polymeric substances having saccharide side chains, suitable as a high polymeric material having several functions for medical treatments and a process for preparing thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for production of a sugar ketal, which comprises reacting a sugar with a ketone in the presence of hydrogen iodide. The formation of unfavorable by-products can be reduced to a trace amount. The process offers the objective ketal in improved yields, and an industrially advantageous process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for production of a sugar ketal, which comprises reacting a sugar with a ketone in the presence of (A) (1) copper, or an oxide, hydroxide or salt thereof and (2) hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide, or (B) cupric chloride or cupric bromide, said catalyst system being very effective in a small amount. The formation of unfavorable by-products can be reduced to a trace amount. The process offers the objective ketal in improved yields, and an industrially advantageous process.

Abstract: Non-ionic surface-active agents of the formula are disclosed: ##STR1## in which a=0 or 1, R denotes a C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 aliphatic or alicyclic radical, x+y totals a number from 1 to 10 and, in each unit, one of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 denotes hydrogen and the other denotes the radical ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 denotes methyl or ethyl. These products can be prepared simply and are suitable for use in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions and in particular in cosmetic compositions for treating the hair or skin.

Abstract: It has been found that water-insoluble, thermogelable .beta.-1,3-glucan produced by microorganisms, lower polymers obtainable upon partial hydrolysis of the glucan or, carboxymethylated derivatives of said glucan or of said lower polymers are useful for inhibiting growth of tumors in a warm-blooded animal. The inhibitory activity against various tumors of these polysaccharides is very strong and significant whenever administered to warm-blooded animals from the early to very late stage of tumor progression or even when administered prior to plantation of tumors. The carboxymethylated derivatives above-mentioned are novel water-soluble compounds which can be produced by carboxymethylation of said glucan and partial hydrolyzate thereof.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a polyether polyol by reaction between an organic compound containing 2 or more active hydrogen atoms in the molecule and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tertiary amine NRR'.sub.2, in which R is a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group and each R' may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam which is a reaction product of a polyol reactant, an organic polyisocyanate reactant, a reaction catalyst and a foaming agent, said polyol reactant is made by (1) reacting starch with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a crude methyl glucoside reaction product; (2) then admixing this reaction product with an amine in the presence of a basic catalyst followed by (3) oxyalkylating this mixture with a lower alkylene oxide.

Abstract: .beta.-1,3-glucanpolyol derived from .beta.-1,3-glucan produced by a .beta.-1,3-glucan-producing strain of the genus Pestalotia, said glucanpolyol having an intrinsic viscosity [.eta.] of about 1 to about 10 and comprising a main chain having as repeating units .beta.-1,3-glucopyranose units of the following formula.fwdarw.3) .beta.-D-Glc (1.fwdarw.wherein Glc represents a glucopyranose residual moiety, and bonded thereto, either side chains of formula (B), or both side chains of formulas (A) and (B) below ##STR1## wherein n represents a number of from 0 to 1, and .fwdarw.3) .beta.-D-Glc (1.fwdarw. represents the above main chain, and R represents a group derived from .beta.-D-glucopyranose of the formula ##STR2## a process for production thereof, and its pharmaceutical use.

Abstract: Long chain fatty alcohols can be removed from alkylpolysaccharide products in thin film evaporators to achieve fatty alcohol levels of less than about 2% without excessive discoloration of the alkylpolysaccharide.

Abstract: A flame retardant, halogenated polyol having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic radical substituted with at least 1 hydroxyl groups, X is a halogen, and X' is a halogen or hydrogen, is used in the reaction mixture for preparing flame retarded polyurethanes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyethers by reaction between a polyol reactant having a melting point above 80.degree. C. and alkylene oxide, during which a substantially continuous flow of alkylene oxide is passed through a bed of the polyol. The polyether products find particular application, for instance, in the manufacture of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Polyether polyols are made by alkoxylating a mixture which is from 20-80 weight % sucrose and 80-20 weight % formitol. The product polyether polyols have an average hydroxyl functionality of at least 3 and a hydroxyl number of from 28 to 1000. These polyether polyols are particularly useful for the production of rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Dextransucrase synthesis of dextran from sucrose is inhibited by a novel homocitric acid oligoriboside derivative and its nontoxic salts. The new derivative is obtained by fermentation of certain Streptomyces sp. such as Streptomyces sp. MF 980-CF1 (FERM-P5430; ATCC 31820) and is useful in the prevention of dental caries.

Abstract: A sizing agent for yarns made of cotton, regenerated cellulose and synthetic fibers and their mixture. The sizing agent substantially comprises a hydroxyalkylated polysaccharide from the seed of Cassia occidentalis. The polysaccharide has a viscosity of from 40 to 10,000 mPas (10% aqueous solution, 80.degree. C., Brookfield RVT) and a substitution degree of from 0.05 to 1.0.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of starch-amine-based polyols which involves reacting starch with a polyhydric alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a crude polyglucoside reaction product, the proportion of alcohol to starch being at least 0.3 mole of alcohol per glucose unit weight of starch. An amine compound is admixed with the reaction product, and the mixture is then oxyalkylated with a lower alkylene oxide. Polyurethane foams may be prepared by reacting the resulting polyether polyols with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a foaming agent and a reaction catalyst. The physical properties of the resulting foams are excellent.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of methyl glucoside-amine-based polyols which involves reacting starch with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a crude methyl glucoside reaction product. An amine compound is admixed with the reaction product, and the mixture is then oxyalkylated with a lower alkylene oxide. Polyurethane foams may be prepared by reacting the resulting polyether polyols with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a foaming agent and a reaction catalyst. The physical properties of the resulting foams are excellent.

Abstract: Polyetherpolyols containing residues of catalysts of the double metal cyanide complex class are treated with a strong base and ion exchanged or neutralized and filtered to provide a stable polyol with reduced tendency to form allophanates with diisocyanates. Further, the addition of ethylene oxide to the polyol while in contact with the strong base serves to end cap the polyol to provide it with primary hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of starch-amine-based polyols which involves reacting starch with a polyhydric alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a crude polyglucoside reaction product, the proportion of alcohol to starch being at least 0.3 mole of alcohol per glucose unit weight of starch. An amine compound is admixed with the reaction product, and the mixture is then oxyalkylated with a lower alkylene oxide. Polyurethane foams may be prepared by reacting the resulting polyether polyols with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a foaming agent and a reaction catalyst. The physical properties of the resulting foams are excellent.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel method for making polyether polyols from solid initiator compounds containing from 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups. The method involves dissolving the solid initiator compound in a solvent such as dimethyl formamide prior to alkoxylation. The method is particularly useful in making high functional sucrose-based polyether polyols which can be readily processed at moderate temperatures and give low color products. These polyols are particularly suited for the production of rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compositions to be used as cosmetics. The new cosmetics according to the invention contain as active agent 0.06 to 10% by weight of a reaction product of nicotinic acid, a nicotinic acid salt or a nicotinic acid halide and a polyhydroxy compound of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1 to 15 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each stand for hydrogen, or R.sub.2 represents hydrogen and R.sub.1 is an alkyl group, or R.sub.1 is hydroxyalkyl and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group, orwhen n is equal to 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may also form together a group of the general formula --(CHOH).sub.m --, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 4, or a group of the general formula --(CHOH).sub.q --CHNH.sub.2 --(CHOH).sub.p --, wherein Q is an integer of 0 to 2 and p is an integer of 1 to 3, or R.sub.1 may represent a group of the general formula --(CHOH).sub.m --H, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 4, and at the same time R.sub.2 stands for hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of aldoside mixtures, recovering at least a portion of one aldoside component therefrom and reusing the remaining portion of the aldoside mixture to prepare additional aldoside. The aldoside mixture may be prepared by slurrying the carbohydrate in alcohol and passing the slurry through a continuous reactor at an elevated temperature under fluid pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst. The resultant aldoside mixture may then be partitioned into a mother liquor portion and an aldoside portion by selectively recovering at least a portion of one aldoside from the crude aldoside mixture with the remaining mother liquor being recycled.Crude glycoside mixtures prepared from starch and methanol slurries are suitable substrates for selectively recovering methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside may be easily crystallized and recovered from the glycoside mixture because of its lower solubility in methanol.

Abstract: Polyether hydroxyl-containing compounds are prepared by reacting a monoepoxy-containing compound such as propylene oxide with a compound containing one or more OH and/or SH groups such as a low molecular weight adduct of glycerine and propylene oxide in the presence of a solid calcium naphthenate catalyst. The solid form of the catalyst is more efficient than the liquid form.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a derivative of a reducing sugar, said reducing sugar having molecular weights of from 120 to 2000, in that said derivative having at least one methylol group which branches the carbon structure of the reducing sugar in the .alpha.- and/or .alpha.'-position to the carbonyl group or cyclohemiacetal group of the reducing sugar.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound cyanoethylpullulan which is a cyanoethylation product of pullulan. Pullulan is readily cyanoethylated by the reaction with acrylonitrile in the presence of an alkali catalyst such as sodium hydroxide.The cyanoethylpullulan having a degree of cyanoethylation of at least 50% has various unique properties in the heat resistance, solubility in organic solvents, film-forming property, adhesive bonding to metals and the like in comparison with related cyanoethylated products such as cyanoethylcellulose and cyanoethylated polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A chromogenic substrate for the assay of polysaccharide endo-hydrolases is the reaction product of a polysaccharide susceptible to endo-hydrolase degradation, a chemical reagent for increasing the solubility of the polysaccharide so as to increase its susceptibility to enzyme degradation, and a dye substance for coloring the polysaccharide and rendering it capable of estimation by absorption spectrometry. The amount of chemical reagent should be such as to produce a degree of chemical substitution in the range 0.06 to 0.6 DS.

Abstract: A contact lens solution is provided for wetting, soaking and lubricating of hard contact lenses, particularly those carrying an ionic charge. The solution contains an ionic polymer of cationic or anionic charge that interacts with an oppositely charged surface of a contact lens forming an interfacial polyelectrolyte complex. This polyelectrolyte complex provides increased, long lasting lens wettability leading to a cushioning and lubricating effect with the eyelid and the cornea.

Abstract: The modification of rigid amino polyols by their reaction with epoxy resin and alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols produce rigid polyurethane foams that have higher heat distortion temperatures and better low temperature properties than foams made with nonmodified polyols. The viscosities of the epoxy resin-modified amino polyols are not significantly different than those of the prior art amino polyols although they are of a higher functionality.

Abstract: An improved process is described for synthesizing simple and complex 6,6'-diacyl esters of trehalose and intermediates useful therein. Novel 6,6'-diacyl esters of trehalose and novel intermediates useful in the process of the invention are also disclosed. The inventive process is capable of producing the desired compounds economically and in pure form from readily available starting materials.

Abstract: An activated polymeric carrier useful for bonding high and low molecular weight ligands has at least one unit thereof of the formula: ##STR1## wherein T represents atoms of the polymeric carrier;X is a divalent oxygen or sulfur atom, --NH--, --NHR.sup.5 --, --CONH-- or --CONR.sup.5 --, wherein R.sup.5 is lower alkyl;R is independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, loweralkylthio, loweracylamino, nitro, cyano, carboxamide, loweralkylsulphonyl, loweralkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, trifluoromethyl or chloromethyl, provided that at least one R is halogen; anda is 1 or 2, b is 4-a, c is 0 or 1 and d is 2-c.

Abstract: A material formed by the reaction of (1) a poly-2-hydroxyalkyl derivative of a polyol having at least five hydroxyl groups, with at least three, and preferably nearly all, of said hydroxyl groups being substituted with one or more 2-hydroxyalkyl groups and (2) a polyglycidyl ether of a polyol, preferably a di- or triglycidyl ether of a polyoxyalkylene diol or triol. These materials have surfactant and defoaming abilities, and are useful in hard surface cleaning, textile and paper applications, and as defoaming agents. The compounds are especially useful as defoaming agent for glycol based antifreeze mixtures, and such antifreeze mixtures are also provided.

Abstract: Novel sugar acetals such as those of formula ##STR1## where R.sup.a is hydrocarbyl; R.sup.b and R.sup.c are hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; R.sup.3' R.sup.4' and R.sup.6' are hydrogen or R.sup.4' with R.sup.3' or R.sup.6' is ##STR2## are made from 1,4-linked reducing disaccharides by a new exchange acetalation process in which the solvent is omitted. The sugar acetals have free hydroxy groups on the ring which groups can be converted to other substituents, e.g. chlorodeoxy or fatty acid acyl. After deprotection, the corresponding derivative of the initial disaccharide is obtained.

Abstract: New reactive asymmetrical dicarboxylic acid ester compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl radical containing up to 3 carbon atoms or is a digoxin or digitoxin residue, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, are alkoxy radicals containing up to 3 carbon atoms or together represent an oxygen atom, X is a cyanomethoxy, succinimide-N-oxy, N-methyl-pyridiniumoxy, 2,4-dinitrophenoxy, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy, pentachlorophenoxy, phenylthio, p-nitrophenoxy, n-nitrophenylthio, piperidyl-N-oxy, phthalimido-N-oxy or benztriazol-N-oxy radical and n is 2, 3, 4 or 5, are useful for the preparation of reagents for the investigation of cardiac glycosides (Digitalis glycosides).

Abstract: Zwitterion polygalactomannan ether derivatives are prepared by reacting a polygalactomannan gum, such as guar gum or locust bean gum, with N-(2-haloethyl)iminobis(methylene)diphosphonic acid or with a N-(alkyl)-N-(2-haloethyl)aminomethylphosphonic acid. The derivatives contain aminophosphonic acid groups (or their salts) as zwitterion substituents which consist of either one or two anionic methylene phosphonic acid groups bound to a cationic nitrogen. Modified derivatives containing non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or cationogenic substituents may also be prepared.

Abstract: Novel antibiotic 3-trehalosamine (U-59,834) producible in a fermentation under controlled conditions using the new microorganism Nocardiopsis trehalosei sp. nov., NRRL 12026.This antibiotic is active against Gram-positive bacteria, for example, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Diplococcus pneumoniae. Thus, 3-trehalosamine can be used in various environments to eradicate or control such bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chloral derivative having the general formula ##STR1## in which Y' is a polysaccharide consisting of a chain of anhydroglucose, modified anhydroglucose or uronic acid units as substituent group and in which R is selected from --H, --COCH.sub.2 OH, --[(CH.sub.2).sub.n 0].sub..chi. --H in which n is 2 to 5 and .chi. is 1 to 7; --CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.2 X' or --CH.sub.2 COOX' in which X' is NH.sub.4 or a single equivalent of a non-toxic metallic cation, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n H where n is 1 to 7, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n (OH).sub..chi. Y where Y is --H or --CH.sub.3 n is 1 to 7, .chi. is 1 to 12 and the --OH groups are attached to any or all of the carbon atoms by substitution and wherein when Y.sup.1 is a chain of unmodified anhydroglucose units, these units have the following configurations:.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage and/or.beta.

Abstract: Macromolecular compositions are provided which find use as glycosidase substrates, particularly where steric modulation of enzyme activity is involved. The compositions have a macromolecular hub to which is linked by means of a spacer arm a chromophore, which in turn is bonded to a sugar by an enzymatically labile glycosidyl linkage. The chromophore is chosen so as to undergo a substantial change in its chromophoric properties upon cleavage of the glycosidyl linkage. The enzyme activity can be determined spectrophotometrically due to the change in the absorptive or fluorescent properties of the chromophore upon cleavage of the glycosidyl linkage. Varying turnover rates for the enzyme are observed depending upon the nature of the macromolecular hub, the spacer arm, and the chromophore.

Abstract: A composition for use as a base in clear cosmetic sticks comprises water, lower alkyl ester of fatty acid, propylene glycol, sodium salt of fatty acid, polyoxypropylene ether of a long chain alcohol, polyoxyethylene ether of a long chain alcohol, and polyoxyethylene-glucose-fatty acid ester.

Abstract: The antibiotics Papulacandin A and Papulacandin B are etherified at the phenolic groups in positions 10 and/or 12 by introducing a group--CH.sub.2 --Kwherein K is a hydrocarbon radical which is either unsaturated and aliphatic, or it is saturated or unsaturated and substituted by cyclic hydrocarbons, such as aromatic or heterocyclic ones, or by functional groups, such as halogens, carboxyl groups, carboxyl ester or amide groups. These ethers are characterized by a good antifungal action e.g. against Candida albicans and also by an antifiral action.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating inflammatory and pyretic conditions in mammals, including humans, which comprises administering a derivative of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-.alpha.-D-glucofuranose to a mammal requiring treatment for an inflammatory or pyretic condition.

Abstract: Process for enrichment of .beta.-anomers of alkyl glycosides of amino sugars involving two steps. The first step comprises treating an equilibrium mixture of the .alpha.- and .beta.-anomers of the alkyl glycosides with an inorganic base under controlled reaction conditions, e.g., specific solvents, water content of solvent and temperature and time of treatment. These conditions cause the equilibrium to shift in favor of the .beta.-anomer. The second step comprises subjecting the product of the first step to multiple fractionations in specific solvent mixtures to isolate products having increased proportions of the .beta.-anomers of the alkyl glycosides of amino sugars.

Abstract: Non-ionic polyiodo saccharidic ether substituted anilines are provided as contrast media, the ether being non-glycosidyl. The compounds have excellent physical properties in having acceptable water solubility or capable of stable suspension, relatively low osmotic pressure, good thermal stability, so as to be heat sterilizable, and a high iodine proportion. The compounds can be prepared from polynitroaromatics by substitution and reduction.

Abstract: Disclosed are epoxy-sulfonylazide compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is a polyvalent organic radical, R' is a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical, and n and m are integers from 1 to 100. Also disclosed is the use of said epoxy-sulfonylazide compounds in modifying polymers, cross-linking polymers, and adhering polymers to certain substrates, e.g., glass and other polymers.