Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents --CO--Z.sup.1 --N(Z.sup.11)--CO--Z.sup.2 --H or --CO--Z.sup.3 --H, wherein Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, and Z.sup.3 each represent an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenylene group, or a combination thereof, and Z.sup.11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a phenyl group, a phenyl group which may be substituted with an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain therein a phenylene group; R.sup.2 represents --CO--Z.sup.4 --N(Z.sup.12)--CO--Z.sup.5 --H, --CO--Z.sup.6 --H or a hydrogen atom, wherein Z.sup.4, Z.sup.5, and Z.sup.6 each have the same meaning as Z.sup.1, and Z.sup.12 has the same meaning as Z.sup.11 ; Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 each represent a carboxyl group or a phosphonoxy group; Q.sup.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing particular hydroxyalkyl glucosides in the presence of a binary catalyst.

Abstract: A process for chemically modifying substantially pure xylose-rich oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in homogenous phase solution. The process may be advantageously utilized to produce biodegradable, thermoplastic, melt flowable, low shear resistant and low viscosity xylan derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of silicone containing glycosides prepared by the reaction of a hydroxy containing dimethicone copolyol with a reducing saccharide, or a source of reducing saccharide, in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The invention also relates to the application of these novel compounds in personal care compositions for use on hair and skin.

Abstract: A method for treatment of diabetes, which comprises administering to a patient with diabetes an effective amount of a dihydrochalcone derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aryl group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, an acyl group or .alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may combine together to form a substituted methylene group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, OR.sup.5 is a protected or unprotected hydroxy group or a lower alkoxy group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of 6-deoxykermesates, 6-deoxykermesic acid, and carminic acid, based on a reaction of a 2-halogenonapthazarin with a bis-trimethylsilyl-diene.

Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of saccharide fatty acid polyesters via an intermolecular transesterification reaction is provided. A saccharide lower acyl ester (for example, sucrose octaacetate) is reacted with a fatty acid lower alkyl ester (for example, methyl stearate) in the presence of an alkali metal alkoxide catalyst to produce a saccharide fatty acid polyester. The reaction is carried out at relatively low temperatures in the absence of solvent. The relatively low molecular weight by-produce ester is removed from the reaction mixture during the course of the reaction in order to drive the equilibrium transesterification reaction to completion. The saccharide fatty acid polyesters are useful as fat substitutes or low-calorie fats in food compositions.

Abstract: A method for making an oxidized cellulose product from a cellulose material is disclosed. The method involves oxidizing a cellulose material into an oxidized cellulose product, comprising treating the cellulose material with a hypochlorite solution having an active chlorine content of between about 4 and about 6%, at a pH exceeding 9.5 and at a temperature, and for a time, effective to convert the cellulose material into the oxidized cellulose product; filtering the oxidized cellulose product; and washing the oxidized cellulose product with an antichlor agent such as sodium thiosulfate to remove chlorine and to raise the oxidized cellulose product to a neutral pH.The oxidized cellulose product may be used to form films, dispersions, gels, as carriers, for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other products.

Abstract: Sucrose derivatives: 1',6,6'-tri-O-methanesulfonyl-2,3,3',4,4'-penta-O-methylsucrose; 6,6'-diamino-6,6'-dideoxy-1',2-anhydrosucrose; 1',6,6'-triazido-O-1,6,6'-trideoxy-2,3,3,4,4'-penta-O-methylsucrose; and 1',6,6'-triamino-1',6,6'-trideoxy-2,3,3',4,4'-penta-O-methylsucrose. The second and fourth compounds above can be used as ligands to make platinum complexes; non-nutritive bulking agents to substitute for sucrose; and monomers and crosslinking agents for polymers. The first and third compounds above are precursors of compound four.

Abstract: There is described a process for silylizing carbohydrates in liquid nitrogen compounds,the carbohydrates being reacted under pressure in an autoclave at a tempperature of about 0.degree. to 200.degree. C. with a silylizing agent of the formula (I) ##STR1## in a liquid nitrogen compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## the respective radicals in the two formulas (I) and (II) being, independently of each other:hydrogen, a low alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group in the form of a phenyl or naphthyl radical, an aralkyl group with 7 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group with 7 to 18 carbon atoms, or an O-, S- or N-containing heterocyclic group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms.An especially suitable silylizing agent is hexamethyl disilazane. As liquid nitrogen compound preferably ammonia is taken, which under the process conditions is liquid. The process according to the invention is of advantage ecologically and economically.

Abstract: Microfibrillated oxycellulose suitable for use as a carrier in agricultural, cosmetic, and topical and transdermal drug products, and as a binder and disintegrant in the making of tablets, is prepared by the oxidation of cellulosic materials with persulfate salts in water, with or without the presence of an aqueous inorganic acid, or in glacial or aqueous acetic acid.

Abstract: A polyacyl maltooligosaccharide derivative which is a precursor of a maltooligosaccharide derivative having modified groups at the 6-position or 4- and 6-positions of non-reducing end glucose unit and being effectively used as a substrate for measuring .alpha.-amylase activity, can be produced under mild conditions by crosslinking OH groups in the non-reducing end glucose unit of oligosaccharide with a benzylidene group having an alkoxy group, followed by acylation and treatment with a dilute acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making a polyol which comprises the steps of: (a) fabricating a propoxylated polyhydric initiator by reacting propylene oxide with a polyhydric initiator in the presence of an acid catalyst, said reaction being conducted in the absence of a KOH catalyst, to produce a propoxylated polyhydric initiator containing acid catalyst residue(s) and free of KOH catalyst residue, and (b) reacting said propoxylated polyhydric initiator containing acid catalyst residue(s) with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a double metal cyanide complex catalyst to produce a polyol.

Abstract: Water soluble quaternary ammonium ethers of polysaccharides or polyols wherein the quaternary ammonium ether substituents correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a monohydroxylated or polyhydroxylated alkyl group containing between about one and about six carbon atoms; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently, alkyl groups containing between about one and about six carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is an alkyl group containing between about six and about 24 carbon atoms; and X is a halide, wherein the degree of substitution of said ethers ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.5. is provided. The composition have multiple uses as thickeners and are particularly suited for use in personal care products.

Abstract: The total synthesis of a group of compounds with inhibitory effects on calmodulin-mediated enzyme activities has been accomplished. Among these synthesized compounds are KS-501 and KS-502. Other compounds that have been synthesized by the described scheme are ent-KS-501 and ent-KS-502 which are enantiomers of KS-501 and KS-502 and which also have inhibitory effects on calmodulin-mediated enzyme activities.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2",3",4'-tris(acetyl)-4",6"-ethylidene-.beta.-D-glucopyranosides, their preparation and their use for the preparation of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylidene-.beta.-D-glucopyranoside. The compounds of the invention are of the formula ##STR1## Their process of preparation comprises the following stages: acylation of a glycosyl derivativeacylation of an aglyconecoupling of the acylated glycosyl derivative and the acylated aglycone, in the presence of a Lewis acid, the acylation being carried out using an acid chloride, which is optionally identical for the two stages of acylation, in which the carbon in .alpha. of the carbonyl function bears at least one heteroatom chosen from among O and S.

Abstract: The invention relates to sulfated glycosaminoglycanoid derivatives of the dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate type, of which N-sulfate, N-acetate, and hydroxy groups, are replaced by alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, or O-sulfate groups. The compounds have antithrombotic and smooth muscle cell proliferation inhibiting activities.

Abstract: The invention relates to sulfated glycosaminoglycanoid derivatives of the heparin and heparin sulfate type, of which N-sulfate, N-acetate, and hydroxy groups, are replaced by alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, or O-sulfate groups. The compounds have antithrombotic and smooth muscle cell proliferation inhibiting activities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying crude products containing esters of a non-reducing sugar like sucrose, and one or more fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid etc. by subjecting the crude esterification products to an extraction treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide. After carrying out this extraction treatment a residue comprising the fatty acid esters of non-reducing sugars, the unreacted sugar and the salts as well as an extract comprising the fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters and also any solvents, if present, are obtained. The unreacted sugar and the salts, present in the obtained residue, can be removed from the residue by, for example, a washing operation resulting in a final product of pure esters of the non-reducing sugar and one or more fatty acids. This last removal step concerning the unreacted sugar and salts may also be carried out before the application of the above indicated extraction treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A bed of transparent, water insoluble, charge-free crosslinked gel which is suitable for use in electrophoresis is prepared. The gel is formed by dissolving a linear polysaccharide, such as agarose, in a suitable solvent, such as water. This dissolution may be accomplished with agitation. A suitable cross linking agent, which is not itself charged, nor does it become charged upon contact with water, at a pH of 2 to 12, is then added to the solution, possibly with agitation in order to get thorough mixing of the linear polysaccharide and the cross linking agent. This mixture is then allowed to incubate and react in a quiescent state to substantially simultaneously gel and crosslink to form the desired cross linked gel bed. Preferred cross-linking agents are bis-epoxides, halo-epoxides, bis-haloalkanes, bis-halo-alcohols, alkanediol-bis-alkyl sulfonates, alkanediol-bis-aryl sulfonates or divinylsulfone. The liner polysaccharide maybe mixed with a synthetic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating, and in particular for abrading surfaces, utilizing glass-like polysaccharide grits. The invention also extends to novel glass-like polysaccharide products, especially starches, and to processes for the production thereof. Additionally, there is disclosed cross-linked polysaccharide materials and glass-like starches having a substantially occluded water component. Combinations of these various polysaccharide grits and other abrasive grit materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A continuous method of bleaching an alkylpolyglycoside, substantially free of alcohol, with peroxy compounds, preferably hydrogen peroxide, which is highly efficient to provide an unexpected high degree of color reduction from a dark brown to a light, white product, from an extinction coefficient color respectively of about 10 to about 15 to about 0.025 to about 0.15. The bleaching is carried out at controlled pH and temperature, under pressure preferably in the presence of Mg or MgO.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating, and in particular for abrading surfaces, utilizing glass-like polysaccharide grits. The invention also extends to novel glass-like polysaccharide products, especially starches, and to processes for the production thereof. Additionally, there is disclosed cross-linked polysaccharide materials and glass-like starches having a substantially occluded water component. Combinations of these various polysaccharide grits and other abrasive grit materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A glucofuranose derivative substituted at the 3,5,6- or 3,6-positions with a radical that provides an anionic charge at physiological pH values is disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and using the same. The compounds are useful in treating inflammation, and particularly conditions that involve neutrophil influx; they are also useful in inhibiting gastric ulcer formation.

Abstract: A solvent-free method for synthesizing an ethereally-substituted, blocked monosaccharide comprising the steps of:1) mixing, in the absence of solvent, a partially blocked monosaccharide unblocked at one position, an alkyl halide or a substituted alkyl halide, and an anhydrous alkali base;2) heating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to allow the mixture to react;3) maintaining the mixture at a suitable temperature for a time sufficient to form an ethereally-substituted blocked monosaccharide and drive off any water produced;4) removing any unreacted alkyl halide or substituted alkyl halide from the mixture;5) recovering the ethereally-substituted blocked monosaccharide product from the mixture; and, optionally,6) selectively hydrolyzing the ethereally-substituted blocked monosaccharide product to remove one or more of the acetal blocking groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides N- and O-substituted aminophenol derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, G and L are as hereinbefore defined. The present invention also provides intermediates for the preparation of these aminophenol derivatives of general formula (I), as well as the use of the aminophenol derivatives of general formula (I) for the determination of hydrolyses, as well as for the preparation of agents for carrying out determinations of hydrolyses.

Abstract: An oral anti-virus agent containing a polysaccharide having the following chemical structure as an active component, ##STR1## (wherein n is an integer of at least 16).

Abstract: A new composition of matter that can be substituted as a bulking agent for sugar or starch to reduce the caloric content of foods comprising the polymeric product of the reaction of a water-soluble polyol with a di- or tri-epoxide, in water containing a water-soluble inorganic base that serves as a catalyst, and the process for making it.

Abstract: Glycosiduronic acids, such as alkyl glycosiduronic acids or alkenyl glycosiduronic acids, which may be used in the preparation of surfactant compositions, such as detergents and cleansers, are prepared by reacting an oxidized mono-, oligo-, or polysaccharide with up to 10 monomer units with one or more fatty alcohols having 8-22 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst, preferably in bulk, and after acetalization removing the excess alcohol. Preferably the oxidized mono-saccharide used is glucuronic acid and/or glucuronic acid-3,6-lactone.

Abstract: A process for stereospecific preparation of glycosyl azides by reacting a metal azide with a glycosyl phosphate triester having the phosphate group cis to the adjacent C-2 substituent is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I[CH.sub.3 --(CH.sub.2).sub.29 --O--].sub.m --R (I)whereinif m stands for 1, thenR represents a group derived from a mono- or di- or oligosaccharide by removing the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group being in the 1(alpha) or 1(beta) position, or the O-protected, preferably acetylated derivative thereof,if m stands for 2, thenR represents a group derived by removing a hydrogen atom attached to the carbon atom being in position 1 of the reaction product of glucose and mono-, di- or triethylene glycol or the O-protected, preferably O-acetylated derivative thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of oligosaccharides, using polymer supported methodology. By this method, which offers anomeric control, oligosaccharides are produced very rapidly in comparison with known methodologies. Thus, there is disclosed a process for the preparation of oligosaccharides which comprisesa) forming a synthon of a saccharide and a monomethylether of polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof, the synthon having a linkage between the oligosaccharide and the monomethylether of polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof, which linkage can be severed under conditions that do not damage glycosidic or other bonds in a desired end product;b) subjecting the synthon to repeated additions of a suitable glycosylating agent to form a desired oligosaccharide-polyethylene glycol linked product;c) isolating the linked product as a solid;d) purifying this solid; ande) releasing the oligosaccharide from the polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: Benzoic acid esters of an ethoxylated methyl glucosides and of a propoxylated methyl glucosides exhibit enhanced characteristics that make these esters ideally suited for skin and hair care compositions. These esters demonstrate enhanced capabilities as foam boosters, emollients, conditioners, clarifiers, solubilizers, and carriers (diluents). In addition, oxybenzone, benzocaine, ibuprofin and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) can be solubilized by these esters. These esters have the ability to solubilize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials such as DHA. The benzoate esters have lower surface tensions than the glucam polyol molecules from which they were derived.

Abstract: Triple derivatives of polygalactomannan i.e., dialkylaminoalkyl ether-hydroxyalkyl ether - long aliphatic chain ether of polygalactomannan, are useful as thickening agents for aqueous fluids.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a water-swellable, generally water-insoluble, carboxyalkyl polysaccharide having improved absorption properties. The method involves forming a solution of carboxyalkyl polysaccharide and water, recovering the carboxyalkyl polysaccharide from the solution and heat-treating said recovered carboxyalkyl polysaccharide. Also, described is a carboxyalkyl polysaccharide having improved absorption properties.

Abstract: Betaine group-containing polysaccharides with recurring anhydroglucose units of the average, general formula ##STR1## are disclosed. In this formula the R.sup.1 groups are the same or different and represent methyl, ##STR2## in which n=2 or 3, m=0 to 10, p=0 to 10 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or the betaine group ##STR3## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least 0.5% of the R.sup.1 groups in the polysaccharide molecule represent the betaine group.Also disclosed is a method for the synthesis of these compounds and their use in cosmetic preparations, expecially for the care of the hair. In addition, novel compounds of the general formula ##STR4## are disclosed as intermediates in which the substituents R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the above meaning.

Abstract: Octyl ethers and octadienyl ethers of glucose, sucrose, are disclosed. Compositions comprised of a mixture of octyl ethers of glucose and sucrose and those containing octadienyl ethers of sugar acids are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polygalactomannans containing a hydroxybutyl ether substituent and a hydrophobic substituent can be used in the fracturing of subterranean formations.

Abstract: This invention relates to the alk-1-enyl ether reaction product of a hydroxylated compound and an alk-1-enyloxy oxirane containing from 0 to 95% alkyl epoxide.

Abstract: Dioxetane compounds reactable with an enzyme to release optically detectable eneregy are disclosed. These compounds have the formula: ##STR1## wherein T is a carboxylic acid or methoxy substituted adamantyl group bound to the ring through a spiro bond, Y is phenoxy or napthyloxy and X is methoxy, ethoxy or propoxy. Z is an enzyme cleavable group such that when cleaved by an enzyme, an electron rich moiety is left bound to the dioxetane ring.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 2' and 3'-(halo-substituted)-2',3'-dideoxy nucleosides by reacting a protected anhydrothymidine compound with a halogenating composition containing a substituted organoaluminum compound which exhibits greater solubility in conventional solvents than AlF.sub.3.

Abstract: Aqueous gel compositions and their use in electrophoresis, and anhydrous compositions useful in the preparation of the aqueous gel compositions.The aqueous gel compositions comprise:A. water,B. at least one di- or tri-hydroxy C.sub.2-4 alkyl ether moiety (preferably glyceryl) substituted agarose, andC. from about 20 to about 400 mM of at least one borate compound per liter of aqueous gel composition.The anhydrous compositions comprise the agarose in powder form and the borate in powder or aqueous solution.

Abstract: Lipid A monosaccharide analogues of the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, 1 is an integer of 8-14, m is an integer of 11-17 integer, and n is 8-14 integer.

Abstract: Compounds which are hydrolyzed in vivo to n-butyric acid are esters of butyric acid in which the alcohol group is selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, cyclic and acyclic aldose or ketose monosaccharides and their acetonides. Of particular interest are O-butanoyl-6-O-ispropylidene-1,2,.alpha. O-glucofuranose, tri-O-butanoyl 3, 5, 6,- isopropylidene-1,2 .alpha.-D-glucofuranose, O-butanoyl-6-di-O-isopropylidene-1,2 : 3,4 .alpha.-D-galactopyranose, and penta-O-butanoyl-1,2,3,4,6 D-galactopyranose and penta-O-butanoyl-1,2,3,4,6.alpha. D-galactopyranose, )-n-butanoyl-1-isopropylidene-2,3 glyceryl, O-butanoyl-3-di-o-palmitoyl-1,2 glyceryl, and di-O-n butanoyl-2,3 O-palmitoyl-1 glyceryl.

Abstract: Water-borne coating compositions are made, using as a thickening agent, a polygalactomannan having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents.

Abstract: Polycyclic mutagens are removed from aqueous or organic solutions by contacting the solution with a grafted dextranomer adsorbent which contains hydroxypropyl groups covalently linked to a reactive phthalocyanine dye.

Abstract: A process for producing a corn milling residue carboxymethyl ether salt comprises reacting a corn milling residue with alkali in the presence of an aqueous carboxymethylating agent solution to give a corn milling residue carboxymethyl ether salt with an average degree of substitution not less than 0.2. As the reaction medium, water alone is used in a proportion of at least 7 moles per mole of the corn milling residue. Carboxymethylation of the corn milling residue is accomplished evenly and smoothly.

Abstract: An alkyl glycoside having alkyl groups of 8 to 24 carbon atoms and an average polymerization degree of 1 to 10 is prepared in one stage by reacting a saccharide and at least one alcohol of 8 to 24 carbon atoms in a reaction medium containing a non-polar solvent in the presence of an emulsifier.

Abstract: A 1', 2,3,3',4,4'-hexa-O-methylsucrose compound is disclosed which is useful as an intermediate compound to make water-absorbent polyesters and polyethers. This compound may be used as an intermediate and oxidized to a dicarboxylic acid to make other novel polyesters or polyamides.

Abstract: In one variant, the invention provides a method of enhancing the activity of phagocytes including macrophages, and in a further variant, a method of modulating the cellular or humoral immune response to warm blooded animals. The invention also provides a method of reducing the adverse effects of stress in warm blooded animals. This is accomplished by administering an ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharide having the general formula M.sub.1 --O--Y, an ethereal monosubstitution of monosaccharide derivatives having the general formula M.sub.2 --O--Y, or pharmaceutically acceptable organic acid and inorganic acid salts thereof as defined hereinafter. In the first variant, the above substances are administered in an amount effective to enhance the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, including macrophages in a normal to depressed state of activation or macrophages already activated in response to infection.