Abstract: This invention is concerned with the employment of a water-soluble initiator, of sucrose, sorbitiol, trimethylpropane, ammonia or amine and water to form an initiator which is mixed and reacted with alkylene oxide in the presence of water and without the use of an added catalyst to produce polyether polyols for use in the production of urethane foams.

Abstract: A cellulose product containing hemicellulose derived from corn hulls is treated under acidic conditions to obtain purified cellulose having present at least about 70 percent alpha-cellulose. Hemicellulose or a xylose-containing solution may also be obtained.

Abstract: Carbohydrate antigenic determinants containing a glycosidically linked bridging arm are synthesized and coupled to carrier molecules to form artificial antigens, and to solid supports to form immunoadsorbents. Various artificial antigens of the blood group type are prepared and applications shown. Specific examples are given to the synthesis of the Lewis-a, Lewis-b, A, B, and H(O) blood group antigens; to the preparation of antisera to these artificial antigens, to the preparation of immunoadsorbents specific for antibodies to these antigens, and to the detection of such antigens wherever they occur.

Abstract: The invention provides a means for making a high functional (.gtoreq.6.5), low viscosity, low hydroxyl number sucrose-based polyether polyol. The process involves the use of a polyalkylene polyamine, such as diethylenetriamine, as both co-initiator and catalyst for the alkoxylation reaction of sucrose. These polyols are particularly suited for the production of rigid polyurethane foams having excellent dimensional stability, particularly at low temperatures.

Abstract: A continuous process for making alkyl aldosides from polysaccharides and more particularly mixed alkyl glycosides from starch by direct alcoholysis. A polysaccharide, such as starch, is slurried in an alcohol and passed through a heated, confined zone under pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a mixed alkyl aldoside. The alcohols which may be used include methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, their isomers and mixtures thereof. Higher alkyl glycosides are surfactants and, in some instances, it is advantageous to use higher alcohols, such as decyl and dodecyl alcohols, to obtain particular surfactant properties in the resulting alkyl glycosides. Mixed alkyl glycosides are useful in detergent applications, and as backbone polymers in polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of garamine and garamine derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the radicals R.sup.1 are each H or amino-protecting groups and the radicals R.sup.2 are each H or hydroxyl-protecting groups, comprises selectively cleaving in a strong acid a compound of formula (II) or a mixture thereof ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is acyl, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each H or CH.sub.3 and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same as in formula (I).

Abstract: A glucan which is characterized by repeating units of [3)-Glc-(1.fwdarw.4)-Glc-(1.fwdarw.4)-Glc-(1.fwdarw.] wherein Glc represents alpha-D-glucopyranose residue. This glucan may be prepared by cultivating a microorganism of the genus Elsinoe capable of producing this glucan on a nutrient medium to produce this glucan and separating and recovering this glucan. This glucan may be used, for example, in the form of a film for packaging film material.

Abstract: A hydroxyalkyl-etherified glycolipid ester represented by the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a methyl group or a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 11 to 15 carbon atoms when R.sup.1 is a methyl group, R.sup.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms when R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, R.sup.3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A represents --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O-- or ##STR2## and a,b,c,d,e,f and g represent integers from 1 to 60 in the sum total.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of novel polyalkylene glycol ethers based on a mixture of polyhydric alcohols, hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxy ketones produced by the auto-condensation of formaldehyde hydrate (formose). The improvement realized is in the use of an acid catalysis rather than the normal base catalysis. The new polyether polyols are valuable starting materials for the production of polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 1,6-anhydro-.beta.-D-hexopyranose derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl or aromatic acyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl and one of the radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is also an aroyl radical and R.sub.4 can also be hydrogen, with the proviso that the radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together contain at least 3 carbon atoms and, if R.sub.4 is the benzyl radical, the radical R.sub.3 contains at least 2 carbon atoms, and, if one of the radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an aroyl radical, R.sub.2 is hydrogen.These compounds especially the 1,6-anhydro-3,4-di-O-benzyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranose or the 1,6-anhydro-.beta.-D-glucopyranose, can be used as fibrinolytic agents and thrombolytic agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides amino-sugar derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## in which n and m independently of each other represent an integer from 0 to 8 and the sum n+m has a value of 0 to 8, andX designates a group --OR, --SH, --SR, --NH.sub.2, --NHR or NRR.sub.1,in whichR designates an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heterocyclic radical, which can be substituted, andR.sub.1 designates an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radical, which can be substituted, orR and R.sub.1 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocyclic ring.It has been found that the compounds of the formula (II) are highly active inhibitors for glycoside hydrolases of the digestive tract.Also included in the invention are methods of preparing the amino-sugar derivatives of the invention, compositions containing said amino-sugar derivatives and methods for the use of said amino-sugar derivatives and compositions containing them.

Abstract: A process for producing ionic pullulan gels which comprises gelation of pullulan by crosslinking and introduction of ionic groups into the resulting pullulan gel, the former comprising reacting pullulan with a bi-functional compound in a solvent in the presence of an alkaline substance, and the latter comprising reacting the resulting pullulan gel with a compound having a carboxyl, sulfonic, phosphoric or amino group in a solvent in the presence of an alkaline substance.

Abstract: Pullulan aminoalkyl ether is obtained by reacting pullulan with an aminoalkylating agent in a solvent in the presence of an alkali. This ether may be used as a cationic polymer of considerable utility in industries. For instance, when used in a paper coating material, it gives desirable effects on gloss, RI dry pick, and RI wet pick and, furthermore, as compared with pullulan, markedly improves physical properties of the coated paper such as tearing strength, tensile strength and wrinkle recovery; it improves also retention of loading materials such as clay and calcium carbonate.

Abstract: An improved method for the production of polyether polyol compositions is disclosed wherein a polyhydric initiator is oxyalkylated with alkylene epoxides at lower temperatures in the presence of an aqueous ammonia solution. The polyether polyol compositions produced have desirable hydroxyl numbers and low viscosities and are particularly useful in the production of excellent rigid polyurethane foams. In addition to catalyzing the reaction, the nitrogen containing moiety itself undergoes oxyalkylation during the process such that the polyether polyol compositions produced contain, admixed therewith, various alkoxyalkanol amines. The alkoxyalkanol amines having reactive hydroxyl groups and acting as a mild catalyst for the polyolisocyanate reaction need not be removed from the polyether polyol composition. In addition, the alkoxyalkanol amines increase the blending compatibility of the polyether polyol compositions.

Abstract: Compounds containing peroxy linkages connecting similar polyol ester constituents are described. These peroxy di-ester polyols are prepared by the direct esterification of peroxy diacids with polyols, in the presence of a strong mineral acid catalyst. The peroxy di-ester polyol products function as free radical initiators and grafting bases in the graft copolymerization of unsaturated monomers with polyols. These graft copolymers are useful in the formulation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: A novel cyclic acetal derivative of sucrose, 4,6-O-isopropylidenesucrose, is prepared by treating sucrose with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in N,N-dimethylformamide, in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid, suitably at room temperature. The product is conveniently isolated in the form of its hexa-acetate or hexabenzoate, by treatment with acetic anhydride or benzoyl chloride, respectively, in pyridine. The resulting compounds are valuable as synthetic intermediates and in conformational investigations.

Abstract: A process for preparing nitroaromatic glycosides is described. The process comprises contacting an acetylated glycoside of maltotetraose, maltopentaose or maltohexaose with a phenol, nitrating the resulting product to place a NO.sub.2 group on the aromatic moiety and deacetylating the nitrated product. The nitroaromatic glycosides are useful as standard substrates for the assay of .alpha.-amylase.

Abstract: Polysaccharides forming gels are produced by cultivating a microorganism such as Arthrobacter carbazolum FERM 2574 in a suitable medium.

Abstract: Nitroaromatic derivatives of glycosides such as maltotetraose, maltopentaose and maltohexaose are described. These compounds are useful as standard substrates for the assay of .alpha.-amylase either manually or automatically on suitable instruments.

Abstract: Preparation of .beta.-methyldigoxin in the presence of dimethyl formamide, an inert solvent, methyl ester of a sulphuric acid, and strontium hydroxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the removal of troublesome secondary products, particularly small quantities of water, solvents, low molecular weight glycols, and pungent-smelling substances, from polyethers by means of a tubular coil evaporator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing alkenyl ethers from high molecular weight polyols in a liquid phase system containing concentrated alkali metal hydroxide, water, water immiscible hydrocarbon solvent and high molecular weight polyol such that the addition of an alkenyl halide results in a reaction which yields an alkenyl ether product which is not readily distillable from the reaction solution at slightly elevated temperatures and atmospheric pressures.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the removal of residual catalyst from polyether polyols is achieved by the use of a solvent wash and recovery system.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of alkaline catalyst removal from crude polyoxyalkylene ether polyols is achieved by treating a mixture of crude polyol, adsorbent, and water with magnesium carbonate and carbon dioxide just prior to filtration.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein B is .alpha.- or .beta.- and represents a hydrocarbyl group in which the .alpha.-carbon atom is activated by a suitable blocked or unblocked functional group rendering it susceptible to oxidation. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogues. The invention also provides a stereospecific method of producing these intermediates.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of alkaline catalyst removal from crude polyoxyalkylene ether polyols is achieved by treating a mixture of crude polyol, adsorbent, and water with carbon dioxide just prior to filtration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for intravascular administration, said agent consisting of a suspension of minute polysaccharide particles having a size such that subsequent to being administered intravascularly, they block the finer blood vessels of the body and a diagnostic agent.

Abstract: A process for recovering a catalyst adsorbent from a polyol-adsorbent residue by treatment of the polyol-adsorbent residue with organic solvents. This adsorbent can then be recycled for use in the further removal of alkaline catalysts from polyether polyols.

Abstract: Corn hulls and like materials are subjected to a treatment to obtain two fractions therefrom comprising a holocellulose fraction and a non-carbohydrate fraction.

Abstract: Mono- and di-glycosides of 2,6-bis (hydroxy-phenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo [3,3,0] octane and methods for preparing such compounds. The compounds exhibit anti-hypertensive properties.

Abstract: A novel synthetic process to produce the antibiotic oxazinomycin is presented along with novel intermediates utilized in said process.

Abstract: Carboxylated pullulan obtained by oxidizing pullulan with an oxidizing agent is readily soluble in cold water and has favorable film-forming property, yielding a film having high mechanical strengths, high modulus of elasticity and good transparency.

Abstract: A glycol-based antifreeze formulation containing as a defoaming agent, from 0.001% to about 1.0% by weight of a mixture containing a compound of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN R is an alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or dihydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, p is an integer from 1 to 20, and n is an integer from 1 to 14; and a compound of the formulaRO--(C.sub.6 H.sub.10 O.sub.5).sub.p --Hwherein R and p are as defined above.

Abstract: Hydroxyalkyl ethers of hydroxyalkoxy polysaccharides are prepared by reacting the corresponding polysaccharide first with an epoxide in an aqueous alkaline medium, and then with an epoxide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst in a nonaqueous, nonalcoholic organic solvent. The resulting products are hydrophobic and strongly lipophilic, and are outstanding substrates for liquid-gel chromatography.

Abstract: Brominated ester-containing polyether polyols are prepared by the sequential reaction of a polyether polyol with 4,5-dibromohexahydrophthalic anhydride or its corresponding diacid and an alkylene oxide. The resulting polyols are particularly useful in the preparation of flame-retardant polyurethane foams.

Abstract: This invention relates to new processes for the production of a 1-N-(.alpha.-hydroxy-.omega.-aminoalkanoyl)-3'-deoxy-5-O-pentofuranosylnea mine, including 3'-deoxybutirosins A and B, as a semi-synthetic antibiotic. This invention further relates to new and useful semi-synthetic antibiotics which are produced by the above new processes.

Abstract: Ethereally substituted monosaccharides are prepared from certain selectively derivatized monosaccharides. In practicing the method:1. a monosaccharide derivative having the general formula A.sub.1 -O-H, wherein O is oxygen, H is hydrogen and A.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polymer which is suitable for being administered parenterally from a saccharide, a polyhydric alcohol and a polymerization agent and to the polymer prepared therefrom. The invention relates also to an iron preparation suitable for parenteral -- intramuscular and intravenous -- injection, to a process for the preparation of the iron preparation, and to the use of the injectable iron preparations in human and veterinary medicine.

Abstract: A method for producing products for separation, ion exchange or as basic material for the preparation of various derivatives designed for separation purposes and adsorption purposes by means of a polymer being activated with a reagent containing at least two bifunctional groups so that at least one of the reactive, functional groups in each molecule is bonded to the polymer while leaving a considerable amount of remaining groups unreacted but still reactive so that the activated polymer can be caused to react with thiosulphate after surplus reagent has been eliminated. The invention also relates to the produced products or their derivatives consisting of a water-soluble hydroxyl group or amino group containing polymer substituted with organic side-chains, each containing one or more thiosulphate groups or derivatives of such groups and the use of the products for purification of water, separation, immobilization of enzymes, etc.

Abstract: Monosaccharides and disaccharides in which one or more of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by a p-vinylbenzoyloxy group are provided as new compounds. These may be copolymerized with such monomers as styrene or methyl methacrylate to provide novel copolymers.

Abstract: Corn hulls are subjected to a treatment to obtain three fractions therefrom comprising a cellulosic fraction, a hemicellulose fraction and a noncarbohydrate fraction. The noncarbohydrate fraction is characterized as being an organic solvent extract comprising at least about 15 percent of the dry weight of the corn hulls and containing above about 10 percent by weight ferulic acid.

Abstract: This invention provides novel quaternary ammonium ethers of polygalactomannan having a degree of substitution between about 0.01 and 3.0, and further provides a process for producing quaternary ammonium ethers of polygalactomannan gums by contacting solid polygalactomannan gum with a haloalkyl-substituted quaternary ammonium compound under alkaline conditions in an aqueous solution of water-miscible solvent.

Abstract: A molded pullulan can be water-insolubilized by treatment with, as the combination of a crosslinking agent with a catalyst, at least one of the combinations of (1) formaldehyde with zinc chloride, (2) glyoxal with magnesium chloride, and (3) formaldehyde or glyoxal with hydrogen chloride gas or sulfurous acid gas.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of catalyst removal in the preparation of polyether polyols is achieved by adding a critical amount of water from about 1 to about 5 percent by weight based on the weight of polyol to an adsorbent synthetic magnesium silicate-polyol mixture followed by filtration to remove the adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a bulking agent suitable for incorporating into formulated foods. The bulking agent of the present invention is prepared by condensation of glucose and sorbitol in the presence of an acid-ion exchange resin. The bulking agent of the present invention provides the functions and bulk of about the same weight of sucrose when incorporated into formulated foods. The bulking agent of the present invention is most advantageously used in conjunction with high intensity sweeteners.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereal monosubstitution of a monosaccharide derivative having the general formula S-O-Y, wherein S is the residue of the monosaccharide derivative selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses as single or polysubstituted acetals, ketals or esters and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen-containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH; halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharide having the general formula S--O--Y, wherein S is the residue of a monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH, halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms. The invention also provides certain novel ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharides, of which 3--O--3'-(N',N'-dimethylamino-n-propyl)-D-glucose is an example.

Abstract: To obtain nonionic surfactants having solubility and stability in relatively strong aqueous solution of caustic, salt or other electrolytes, corn starch or a similar source of glucose units is reacted with an alcohol containing up to about 4 carbon atoms to obtain a glycoside somewhat more lipophilic than the saccharide, and then the resulting glycoside is reacted with a hydrophobic oxirane-containing material such as a C.sub.6 to C.sub.18 epoxyalkane or a glycidyl ether having about the same number of carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharide having the general formula S--O--Y, wherein S is the residue of a monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH, halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms. The invention also provides certain novel ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharides, of which 3-O-3'-(N',N'-dimethylamino-n-propyl)-D-glucose is an example.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereal monosubstitution of a monosaccharide derivative having the general formula S--O--Y, wherein S is the residue of the monosaccharide derivative selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses as single or polysubstituted acetals, ketals or esters and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen-containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH, halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms.