Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a high &agr;G-AA content product, which comprises the steps of: contacting a solution as a material solution, containing &agr;G-AA, L-ascorbic acid, and a saccharide(s), with an anion exchange resin packed in a column to adsorb the &agr;G-AA and L-ascorbic acid on the anion exchanger; washing the anion exchanger with water to remove the saccharide(s) therefrom; feeding to the column an aqueous solution, as an eluent, of an acid and/or a salt with a concentration of less than 0.5 N to fractionate a fraction rich in 2-O-&agr;-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid and a fraction rich in L-ascorbic acid; and collecting the former fraction.

Abstract: A high purity polysaccharide containing hydrophobic group is produced by a process involving a first process step of producing an isocyanate group-containing hydrophobic compound, wherein one mole of a hydroxyl group-containing hydrocarbon having 12-50 carbon atoms or of a sterol is reacted with a diisocyanate represented by OCN—R1—NCO in which R1 is a hydrocarbyl of 1-50 carbon atoms, a second process step of producing the polysaccharide containing hydrophobic group composed of the hydrocarbon group of 12-50 carbon atoms or of the steryl group, wherein the isocyanate group-containing hydrophobic compound obtained in the first process step is reacted with one or more polysaccharides, and a purification step in which the reaction product in the second process step is purified using a solvent based on a ketone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of spherical microparticles consisting totally or partly of at least one water-insoluble polysaccharide, wherein the at least one water-insoluble polysaccharide is dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture, the solution thus formed is introduced into a precipitating agent or precipitating agent mixture, the mixture obtained is optionally cooled and the formed microparticles are separated. The invention is characterized in that the water-insoluble polysaccharide is selected from a polyglucan containing branches with a degree of branching higher than zero and no higher than 8% and a mixture of a polyglucan containing branches and a linear polysaccharide, wherein the proportion of polyglucan containing branches in the mixture is at the most 30% by weight in relation to the overall weight of the polysaccharide and the polyglucan.

Abstract: A method has been developed for making regenerated cellulose yarn. The method includes the steps of spinning a solution derived from cellulose or a cellulose derivative in a molten state through at least one extrusion die, then regenerating the cellulose by treating the resulting yarn, wherein a silylated cellulose derivative is prepared by reaction with a silylating agent; the silylated cellulose is extracted from the synthesis reaction medium; then spun through at least an extrusion die; and the resultant yarn treated with a desilylation agent to regenerate the cellulose and a siloxane. The resulting cellulose yarns or fibers may be used for making woven or knitted textile surfaces or non-woven surfaces. Said yarns or fibers are also useful as reinforcing fibers in elastomeric materials and more particularly, in tires.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for the purification of a saccharide, characterized in that, water and a feedstock solution containing at least L-arabinose and oligosaccharide where L-arabinose and/or xylose are/is the constituting component(s) obtained by hydrolysis of plant tissues are supplied to a chromatographic apparatus of a simulated moving-bed system where a solution can be circulated in one direction in an apparatus equipped with a packed bed in which an adsorbent is filled and the solution in the packed bed is moved in one direction whereupon at least L-arabinose and oligosaccharide are separated each other and concentration distribution of each of them is formed in the packed bed, then at least a concentrated L-arabinose solution and a concentrated oligosaccharide solution are extracted from the packed bed and, in addition, an inlet for the feedstock solution, an inlet for water, an outlet for the concentrated L-arabinose solution and an outlet for the concentrated oligosaccharide solution are succes

Abstract: A producing method of a cellulose polymer powder is provided, which comprises dissolving a cellulose polymer by exposure to an organic solvent containing, as the main component, an ester-based solvent having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a ketone-based solvent having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alcohol-based solvent having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and carbon dioxide, and then removing the carbon dioxide and the organic solvent from the solution. A producing method of an organic solvent solution of a cellulose polymer is also provided.

Abstract: Methods of removing a lower alkyl alcohol from a polyester mixture of polyol fatty acid polyester and lower alkyl alcohol comprise (a) contacting the polyester mixture with a stripping mixture comprising an inert stripping gas, up to about 10,000 ppm lower alkyl alcohol and up to about 2000 ppm oxygen, wherein at least a portion of the lower alkyl alcohol is transferred from the polyester mixture to the stripping mixture, thereby increasing the concentration of lower alkyl alcohol in the stripping mixture, and (b) separating the stripping mixture from the polyester mixture.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed a process for producing xylitol of high purity (one-step desalting process) which comprises the steps of (1) removing the solid matter from a culture froth obtained by culturing a xylitol-producing microorganism in an aqueous culture medium, (2) desalting the resulting solid matter-removed culture broth by removing the ionic substances therefrom by means of a cation-exchange resin and an anion-exchange resin, (3) subjecting the resulting desalted solution to the chromatography using a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin to separate the xylitol from the other sugar alcohol(s) and sugar(s), and (4) obtaining the xylitol by separating it at a high purity from the resulting xylitol solution (fraction), and to a similar process (two-step desalting process) but wherein the desalting carried out twice by adding the ion-exclusion step between Steps (1) and (2) of the above-mentioned process, whereby most of the ionic substances are removed, by which processes highly pure xylitol can be obtained

Abstract: A process for the depletion or removal of endotoxins from preparations containing active ingredients designated for therapeutical use which are obtained from natural sources by genetic engineering and/or biotechnology by treatment with chromatographic material wherein

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of xylose from a paper-grade hardwood pulp comprising the steps of extracting xylan contained in said pulp into a liquid phase, subjecting the xylan contained in the obtained liquid phase to conditions sufficient to hydrolyze xylan to xylose, and recovering the xylose, wherein the extracting step includes at least one treatment of an aqueous suspension of said pulp or an alkali-soluble material thereof with a xylanase enzyme.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heteropolysaccharide (HP) characterised in that it is obtainable by fermenting in a medium comprising at least an Agrobacterium radiobacter I-2001 (or DSM 12095) strain, one of its recombinants, or one of its mutants, and a carbon source capable of being assimilated by said strain, one of its recombinants or one of its mutants. The invention also concerns a method for preparing said heteropolysaccharide and its use as thickening and/or gelling agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new, particularly economical process for producing particulate water-soluble cellulose derivatives. The process involves forming a feed composition of swollen and/or dissolved cellulose derivative, and water. The feed composition is contacted with a carrier and heat exchange gas, in a sieve-free high rotational speed gas jet impact mill, and the cellulose derivative of the feed composition is converted into a solid state form of finely particulate particles. The particulate cellulose derivative is then separated from the heat exchange gas and carrier gas, and optionally dried. The mill drying and the particulate cellulose derivative product are influenced by establishing a specific water content in the swollen and/or dissolved cellulose derivative.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing aloin which consists in extracting from a substance containing aloe, in particular the yellow sap of aloe or a derived product, in the presence of an aliphatic diol or triol with low molecular weight, for instance glycerol or a glycol, followed by a purification by crystallization in an alcohol. The invention is useful for industrial preparation of aloin.

Abstract: A process for preparing pale-colored and transparent alkyl glycosides by reacting glucose and high fatty alcohol in presence of an acid catalyst is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of admixing, reacting, neutralizing, distilling, diluting and bleaching. In the above process, the reaction step is controlled by a product color and an amount of unreacted glucose, the neutralizing step is controlled by alkali metal oxdie powders having a specific surface area of more than 30 m2/g and the product color, the distilling step is controlled an unreacted residual fatty alcohol, and the diluting step is controlled by refined ion water and sealed vessel without oxygen. Further, the process provides a method of recycling collected fatty alcohol without being refined.

Abstract: A method and materials are described for purification of DNA using ion exchange resins. This ion exchange method provides the means to remove salts and low molecular weight contaminants from DNA in solution without binding or removing the DNA of interest.

Abstract: The invention provides novel glycosaminoglycan derivatives having a repeating unit structure of two saccharides of hexosamine and hexuronic acid as a backbone structure, in which the bonds between 2- and 3-positions carbon atoms of hexuronic acid as its constituting monosaccharide are partially cleaved and a part or all of the 2-position hydroxyl groups of uncleaved hexuronic acid are not substituted with a sulfate group, which has low anticoagulation activity and excellent neurite outgrowth promotion accelerating activity and sialidase inhibition activity; a process for producing the glycosaminoglycan derivatives, comprising a cleavage treatment of the bond between the 2- and 3-position carbon atoms of hexuronic acid having no sulfate group at the 2-position of glycosaminoglycan, and a selective desulfation treatment of the 2-position sulfate group of hexuronic acid; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the glycosaminoglycan derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of isolating mucilaginous polysaccharides from plants, cereals, cell cultures, or fungi such as mushrooms known to have mucilaginous or protein-bound polysaccharides with desirable biological properties. The mucilaginous polysaccharides present in aqueous solution or tissue extracts are treated with tannins to form a complex which is then separated from the solution. The complex is then treated one or more times with either solvents or other substances in solution to remove the bounded tannins from the complex thereby and releasing the isolated polysaccharide. The polysaccharides prepared according to the present method retain properties that are substantially similar to those of the native polysaccharide as it is found in the respective plant or cell. The polysaccharides thus prepared are used in a variety of products. This process is particularly suitable for isolating acetylated mannose polymers from aloe plants and beta glucans.

Abstract: A new class of polysaccharides containing carboxylic groups selectively substituted with halogens on the carbon atom on position 6 of the glicopyranosidic residue and the procedure to obtain these derivatives is therein described. The procedure entails the halogenation of carboxylated polysaccharides with alkyl aryl sulfonyl-halides in organic solvent. The products of this invention can be used as substrates in synthesis where the reactive site is the carbon that binds the halogen. Moreover, they can be used in the medical-diagnostic field.

Abstract: A process for simply and efficiently obtaining an isoflavone composition having a high ratio of genistin, which useful as a food material and the like, wherein in the process for obtaining genistin from a isoflavone inclusion, genistin is selectively precipitated by applying pH adjustment to isoflavone containing liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for isolating nucleic acid from a sample. Known methods for the isolation of nucleic acid from these materials may comprise the use of a chaotropic substance, for example to lyse cells present in the starting material, and free the nucleic acid therefrom. When a nucleic acid containing material is treated with a chaotrope and contacted with a nucleic acid binding solid phase, the nucleic acid will bind to the solid phase in the presence of the chaotrope and the solid phase with the nucleic acid bound thereto can thus be separated from the remainder of the sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering a monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and mixtures thereof from a solution containing the same by a multistep process using chromatographic separation comprising at least one step, where a weakly acid cation exchange resin is used for the chromatographic separation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rapid and efficient method for the preparation and isolation of biologically active polysaccharides from Aloe. The present invention includes the activated mixture of polysaccharides (referred to herein as “Immuno-10”), produced by the methods of the invention. The invention also includes the use of the polysaccharides as immunostimulating, immunomodulating and wound healing agents. The resulting imrnunomodulatory complex has a higher activity and is more stable than bulk carbohydrates isolated using prior art alcohol precipitation schemes.

Abstract: An acidic polysaccharide isolated from aqueous extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai roots is disclosed. The compound has both immunostimulatory and anti-neoplastic activity. The compound is comprised primarily of galacturonic acid, arabinose and galactose along with traces of xylose, rhamnose amd mannose. The molecular weight of the compound is about 10,000 Daltons.

Abstract: A water-soluble extract of asiaticoside and madecassoside from Centella asiatica and an isolating method thereof. In the isolating method an aqueous alcohol containing Centella asiatica is subjected to cold-precipitation to obtain an extract. The extract in the aqueous alcohol is treated with a halogenide solvent for layer separation, and then the aqueous layer is extracted with a higher alcohol. The extract in the alcohol layer is washed first with sodium hydroxide and then with water. After being concentrated, the extract is crystallized with ethyl acetate to obtain crystals and the crystals are washed. A method for treating liver cells in a mammal includes administering to a mammal an effective amount of the extract from Centella asiatica containing asiaticoside and madecassoside.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing mixtures selectively enriched with either 1,1-GPM and 1,6-GPS from hydrogenated isomaltulose. The process involves dissolving hydrogenated isomaltulose at an elevated temperature, and subjecting the resulting solution to one or more cooling steps, wherein each cooling step utilizes a predetermined cooling rate over a predetermined temperature range.

Abstract: The invention relates to the design of inhibitors for glycosyltransferases, and in particular to computer-implemented methods for designing the inhibitors. The invention also relates to compositions and treatments using the inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of structurally pure lactitol crystal forms selected from the group consisting of anhydrous lactitol, lactitol monohydrate, lactitol dihydrate and lactitol trihydrate. The crystallization is performed by cooling a lactitol solution from a temperature at or slightly below the highest temperature of the stability area of the respective crystalline lactitol form to a temperature at or slightly above the lowest temperature of the stability area of said crystalline lactitol form, said stability areas being defined, respectively, within the temperature limits of 100° C. and 0° C. by the intersections of the solubility lines shown in FIG. 1, and by maintaining the supersaturation of said lactitol solution at a level of 1 to 8% (w/w) above the solubility line of the respective lactitol form crystallizing in said area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the crystallization of lactitol, to a particulate crystalline lactitol product having novel properties, to the use thereof as in foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and oral hygiene products, as well as to special lactitol sweeteners. The process comprises: contacting a liquid containing dissolved lactitol with gas suspended fine solid particles containing microcrystalline lactitol; causing substantial removal of the solvent component of said liquid and allowing the resulting lactitol material to form an essentially solid composition of matter comprising a multitude of microcrystals of lactitol; and causing said lactitol composition to be conditioned during a further step to provide a product consisting essentially throughtout its entire structure of a multitude of microcrystals of lactitol agglomerated together in a random manner.

Abstract: A process for producing viscose wherein the caustic soda used previously in the alkalization of electron-untreated cellulose can be used in the alkalization of electron-treated cellulosic material, provided the level of dispersed solids in the caustic soda does not exceed 0.16 g/l.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method in which daunomycin is eluted from a hydrophobic porous synthetic resin carrier onto which daunomycin is adsorbed from crude daunomycin with a buffered aqueous solution containing a water-miscible organic solvent to recover purified daunomycin. Daunomycin (daunorubicin) is purified efficiently.

Abstract: A synthetic method for the preparation of the anti-tumor drug Etoposide. In one embodiment, the method includes the direct condensation of 4′-demethyl-epipodophylloxin with 2,3-di-O-dichloroacetyl-(4,6-O-ethylidene)-&bgr;-D-glucopyranose in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (TMSOTf) to yield 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-4-(2,3-di-O-dichloroacetyl-4,6-O-ethylidene)-&bgr;-D-glucopyranoside, followed by conversion of the same to etoposide. Other methods include use of different Lewis acids as catalyst, as well as different substituted glucopyranosides. This method provides enhanced yields over existing synthetic techniques, reduced reaction times and permits more favorable isolation reaction procedures.

Abstract: A preparative method of separating oligosaccharides from contaminants such as peptides and salts, comprising the steps of reacting a solution containing oligosaccharides and contaminants with a solid support comprising graphitized carbon such that the oligosaccharides substantially bind to the solid support; washing the support to remove any contaminants not bound to the solid support; and eluting the bound oligosaccharide from the support without eluting bound contaminants to obtain a solution of oligosaccharides substantially free of contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for extracting a stereoisomer fro biomass. The method comprises providing biomass and subjecting the biomass to substantially instantaneous pressurization and depressurization to separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from the biomass. The hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to form hemicellulose hydrolysates. The hydrolysates are separated using chromatography.

Abstract: A process for the production of a compound of the formula: wherein R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, C1-C16 substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyls, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cyano, carboxy, carboxy esters, carboxamido, N-mono substituted and N,N-disubstituted carboxamido with alkyl, aralkyl and aryl groups; R2 is hydrogen, alkyl C1-C16 substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyls, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl; R3 is alkyl C2-C6, branched alkyl, aryl C2-C6, substituted aryl and R4 is halogen or H.

Abstract: A method for processing guar endosperm in which guar splits are brought into contact with an amount of liquid ammonia at least sufficient to wet the guar splits at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of at least 25° C. The remaining available guar split/liquid ammonia system volume is increased in an explosion like manner by reducing the pressure by at least about 5 bars resulting in the sheaths of the guar splits being torn open to result in a product that can be processed more easily, such as by grinding.

Abstract: A process for making neutral sugar surfactant granules involving: (a) providing a water-containing alkaline sugar surfactant selected from the group consisting of an alkyl oligoglycoside, an alkenyl oligoglycoside, a fatty acid-N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkylamide, and mixtures thereof; (b) providing a thin-layer evaporator or dryer having rotating internals; (c) neutralizing the water-containing alkaline sugar surfactant to a pH of from 6.8 to 7.5 to form a neutralized water-containing sugar surfactant; (d) introducing the neutralized water-containing alkaline sugar surfactant into the thin-layer evaporator or dryer; and (e) drying the water-containing alkaline sugar surfactant in the thin-layer evaporator or dryer until it has a residual water content below 2% by weight.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chitosan-glucan complexes from biological sources by treating said biological sources with solutions, characterized in that a) chitin-containing microorganisms as said biological sources are treated at least once with a first alkaline solution; b) thereafter, the product obtained from step a) is treated with diluted mineral acid; c) followed by a further treatment with a second alkaline solution the alkalinity of which is higher than that of the alkaline solution of step a) to incomplete deacetylation of the fraction obtained step b); d) separating the solid components, discarding the supernatant, neutralizing and washing the residue with water.

Abstract: Methods of isolating &bgr;(1-3)-glucan or &bgr;(1-3)-glucan-containing organisms in a sample, or of detecting the presence of &bgr;(1-3)-glucan or &bgr;(1-3)-glucan-containing organisms in a sample, utilizing binding agents for &bgr;(1-3)-glucan, such as LacCer, GalCer, globotriaosylceramide and asialoganglioside-GM1, are described. Methods of diagnosing fungal infection, by detecting &bgr;(1-3)-glucan or &bgr;(1-3)-glucan-containing organisms, are also described. Antibodies and kits useful in the methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing smooth-surface spherical microparticles which are completely or partially made of at least one water-insoluble linear polysaccharide. This method involves dissolving the at least one water-insoluble linear polysaccharide in a solvent or a mixture of solvents, introducing the solution into a precipitation agent or a mixture of precipitation agents, optionally cooling the mixture thus obtained, and separating the microparticles thus formed. The precipitation agent used consists of at least one water-soluble cellulose derivative. This invention also relates to microparticles obtained according to this method.

Abstract: A compatible cosmetic composition for treating keratin substances comprising a cationic guar gum which contains a cationic group selected from the group consisting of amino, ammonium imino, sulfonium or phosphonium groups and wherein the cationic content is represented by a DS of from about 0.25 to 1.0 and an effective surfactant amount of at least one non-ionic or anionic surfactant.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of preparing a natural resin by liquefying wood, bark, forest residues, wood industry residues, or other biomass using rapid destructive distillation (fast pyrolysis). Fast pyrolysis produces both vapors and char from biomass, and following removal of the char from the product vapors, a liquid pitch product is recovered and processed by distillation, evaporation, or a combination thereof, in order to obtain a natural resin which may be in either liquid or solid form. The natural resin comprises a total phenolic content from about 30% to about 80% (w/w), and is a highly-reactive ligninic compound that has been found to be suitable for use within resin formulations without requiring any further extraction or fractionation procedures. Resins comprising up to 60% natural resin have been prepared and tested in board production and found to exhibit similar properties associated with commercially available resins.

Abstract: Methods for recovering isoflavones and derivatives thereof from soy molasses are disclosed. In a first embodiment, a method is disclosed in which isoflavones are recovered without any significant conversion of isoflavone conjugates to other forms. In a second embodiment, a method is disclosed whereby isoflavone conjugates are converted to glucosides while in the soy material prior to their recovery. In a third embodiment, a method is disclosed in which isoflavones are converted to their aglucone form while in the soy material and prior to their recovery. Also disclosed are various isoflavone enriched products obtained from soy molasses.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing sialyloligosaccharides in situ in dairy sources and cheese processing waste streams, prior to, during, or after processing of the dairy source during the cheese manufacturing process. The methods of the present invention use the catalytic activity of &agr;(2-3) trans-sialidases to exploit the high concentrations of lactose and &agr;(2-3) sialosides which naturally occur in dairy sources and cheese processing waste streams to drive the enzymatic synthesis of &agr;(2-3) sialyllactose. &agr;(2-3) sialyloligosaccharides produced according to these methods are additionally encompassed by the present invention. The invention also provides for recovery of the sialyloligosaccharides produced by these methods. The invention further provides a method for producing &agr;(2-3) sialyllactose. The invention additionally provides a method of enriching for &agr;(2-3) sialyllactose in milk using transgenic mammals that express an &agr;(2-3) trans-sialidase transgene.

Abstract: A process for recovering a lipophilic oligosaccharide antibiotic from an aqueous fermentation broth containing the lipophilic oligosaccharide antibiotic admixed with impurities, by-products and/or suspended solids, comprising: a) combining said fermentation broth with an adsorbent; b) adjusting the pH of the broth to alkaline in order to solubilize the antibiotic in the broth; c) allowing sufficient time for the solubilized antibiotic in the alkaline broth to be adsorbed by the adsorbent; d) adjusting the pH of the broth to about neutral in order to stabilize the antibiotic adsorbed on the adsorbent; and e) separating the adsorbent to which the antibiotic is adsorbed from the broth. A medium for storing an oligosaccaride antibiotic comprising an adsorbent having a lipophilic oligosaccaride antibiotic adsorbed thereon is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the recovery of potassium bitartrate and pectin, sugars, fruit acids as by-products from tamarind pulp.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving the efficiency of producing chitin and chitosan, particularly biocompatible chitosan. Crustacean shells are maintained at a high temperature for a sufficient time to convert most of the chitin in the shells to an amorphous form. The shells are then rapidly cooled, for example by plunging into liquid nitrogen, so that most of the chitin in the shells remains in the amorphous form. These “quenched” shells are then deproteinized and demineralized to produce chitin. The chitin may be deacetylated to produce chitosan. High purity chitin or chitosan is thereby produced at a lower cost than has been possible using previous methods. Biocompatible chitosan produced by this process may be used for the delivery of cells or bioactive agents, or for other applications.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a new fractionated polydisperse carbohydrate composition having the following definition: an av. DP which is significantly higher than the av. DP of a native polydisperse carbohydrate composition, significantly free of low molecular monomers, dimers, and oligomers, significantly free of impurities chosen among the group consisting of colourings, salts, proteins and organic acids, significantly free of technological aids such as solubility affecting products. The present invention concerns also the preparation process of the composition according to the invention.

Abstract: An improved, solvent-free, two-stage transesterification process for preparing, from a polyol and fatty acid esters of an easily removable alcohol highly esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters having reduced levels of difatty ketones and &bgr;-ketoesters is disclosed. These reduced levels of difatty ketones/&bgr;-ketoesters are achieved by controlling the level of generated alcohol in the liquid phase of the reaction mixture and heating the reaction mixture to certain temperatures during the second stage of this improved process. Other optional reaction conditions, such as keeping the molar ratio of fatty acid esters to polyol within a specified range and reducing the level of basic catalyst, can also be used during the second stage reaction to further reduce the level of difatty ketones and/or &bgr;-ketoesters.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of separating or distinguishing carbohydrate substances. More particularly the method includes using fluorescent labeling reagents which have a positive charge when bound to a carbohydrate, involves separating the labeled carbohydrate substances, such as by performing electrophoresis to cause differential migration of different labeled carbohydrate substances, or by isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient. The fluorescent labeling reagents are preferably cyanine dyes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for purifying the cinnamoyl-C-glycoside, 8-C-&bgr;-D-[2-O-(E)-cinnamoyl]glycopyranosyl-2- [(R)-2-hydroxy]propyl-7-methoxy-5-methyl-chromone. 8-C-&bgr;-D-[2′-O- (E)-cinnamoyl]glycopyranosyl-2-[(S) -2-hydroxy]propyl-7-methoxy-5-methylchromone, referred to herein as the “540 compound.” In one embodiment of the present invention the 540 compound is purified by extraction from a decolorizing agent with an organic solvent. The extracted product can be purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. In a second embodiment crude 540 compound, which has not been treated with a decolorizing agent, is purified by passage over neutral alumina or sephadex.