Abstract: A process is described to increase efficiency of extraction of 4,1?,6? trichlorogalactosucrose (TGS) from aqueous solution by addition of salt. The invention helps in reducing the quantity of solvent needed for achieving substantial extraction. The invention also leads to extraction of TGS substantially free from polar impurities.

Abstract: Processes for isolation and purification of enantiomerically enriched compositions comprising tramadol and topiramate, and also for the subsequent isolation of 1S,2S-tramadol hydrochloride, are disclosed herein.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing liquid maltodextrin having a D.E. of about 5 to less than about 20, Also disclosed are liquid maltodextrins having a D.E. of about 9 to about 15.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for enriching trehalose from solutions, in which the enrichment is performed using an adsorbent, in which the adsorbent is an aluminosilicate. Preferably, the aluminosilicate is a zeolite. The invention further relates to the enrichment and purification of trehalose from fermentation broths, in particular as a coupled product of production by fermentation of other products of value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of at least alkylated, non-ionic cellulose ethers, whereby at least 10% of all hydroxy groups contained therein are alkylated and which may flocculate in water, within a temperature range of 45 to 95° C. The invention is characterized in that at least one surfactant in solid, liquid, or solution form is added to the cellulose for production of the cellulose ether.

Abstract: Methods for the purification of the macrolide moxidectin result in higher purity levels than can often otherwise be obtained. The crystalline moxidectin is then used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical and veterinary applications, including the prevention, treatment and control of parasites in plants, animals and humans.

Abstract: A cellulose acetate solution is filtrated with a filter medium formed of cellulose fiber. Hydroxyl groups on the filter medium are substituted to other functional groups. An acidic material is added to the cellulose acetate solution, and the filtration is preformed. In order to estimate the hydrogen ion concentration of the organic solvent, a sample solvent of thereof is mixed with water so as to transport hydrogen ions from the sample solvent to the water of a predetermined volume. Then the water is separated from the sample solvent, and the pH value of the water is measured with a pH meter. The result of the measurement is regarded as the pH value of the organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to homogeneous phase enzyme-catalyzed processes for producing modified chitosan polymers or oligomers. An enzyme is reacted with a phenolic substrate in the presence of a chitosan polymer or oligomer to produce a modified chitosan polymer or oligomer. The invention also includes modified chitosan polymers or oligomers produced by the novel processes, in particular modified chitosan polymers or oligomers having useful functional properties, such as base solubility and/or high viscosity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new, particularly economical process for preparing particulate water-soluble cellulose derivatives. The process involves forming a feed composition of swollen and/or dissolved cellulose derivative, and water. The feed composition is contacted with a superheated gas mixture, in a sieve-free high rotational speed gas jet impact mill, and the cellulose derivative of the feed composition is converted into a solid state form of finely particulate particles. The superheated gas mixture, with which the feed composition is contacted, is selected from: (i) a superheated gaseous mixture of steam and an inert gas; and (ii) a superheated gas mixture of steam and air. The superheated gas mixture has a steam content of 40 wt. % to 99 wt. %, based on the total weight of the superheated gas mixture.

Abstract: A process for purifying and preparing highly pure acarbose from acarbose-containing fermentation broth. The acarbose is purified through steps of alcohol precipitation, a strongly acidic cation exchanger chromatography and an immobolized enzyme affinity chromatography. Acarbose is generally applied in treating diabetes.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin (PS/A) of staphylococci. The PS/A may be isolated or synthesized and includes various modifications to the structure of native PS/A based on the chemical characterization of PS/A. The invention also relates to the use of the PS/A as a vaccine for inducing active immunity to infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, other related coagulase-negative staphylococci and organisms carrying the ica (intracellular adhesin) locus, and to the use of antibodies directed to PS/A for inducing passive immunity to the same class of infections.

Abstract: This relates to filter columns for isolating nucleic acids. The filter column is adapted for stable placement within the upper portion of standard plastic collection tubes of various sizes. The body of the filter column has a number of surfaces to accommodate placement within variously sized collection tubes. The filter column contains nucleic acid-specific filter which can be located at alternate regions within the filter column, providing different filter surface areas and loading volume capacities using the same column body. The filter column has an opening on an upper end adapted to be sealed by a cap. A method for recovering nucleic acids using such filter column is also provided.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid purification method and purification apparatus characterized by high washing efficiency where contamination does not occur and liquid does not remain in the nozzle tip. The present invention provides a tip containing the solid phase capturing a nucleic acid characterized in that washing solution is fed into said tip unidirectionally from head to end.

Abstract: Isoflavone concentrates are described, which contain at least about ten to about twenty weight parts of polysorbate to one weight part of isoflavone containing a genistein, and/or daidcein, and/or glycitein. Further, a method for the production of an isoflavone concentrate is described.

Abstract: Immunostimulatory polysaccharides can be preferentially extracted from food-grade microalgae using an aqueous ethanol extraction procedure. The resulting preparations exhibit extremely potent immunostimulatory activity. The preferential extraction of these immunostimulatory polysaccharides is dependent on the concentration of ethanol used and the extraction temperature. The most efficient conditions are 50% ethanol concentration at temperatures between 60° and 70° C. The isolated polysaccharide preparations are potentially useful as a botanical or pharmaceutical preparation to improve immune function.

Abstract: A gelatinizer having gel-forming capability in both organic solvents and water, is provided. The hydrogelatinizer is represented by: (where, A is a sugar residue, and R is an alkyl group).

Abstract: A complex, water soluble polysaccharide fraction having potent immunostimulatory activity isolated from Aloe vera. The polysaccharide fraction has an apparent molecular weight above 2 million daltons. Its major glycosyl components are glucose, galactose, mannose and arabinose. The invention further includes pharmaceutical compositions containing the instant polysaccharide fraction, optionally in combination with acceptable pharmaceutical carriers and/or excipents. These pharmaceutical compositions may be used to provide immunostimulation to an individual in need of such treatment by administering to such an individual an effective amount of the composition. The polysaccharide fraction is also useful as a component of dietary supplements and as a standardization component of commercial Aloe products.

Abstract: The present invention herein provides a chitosan-containing polysaccharide and a method for the preparation thereof as well as a medicine and a food containing the polysaccharide. The chitosan-containing polysaccharide is prepared by a method comprising the steps of heat-treating a fungus in a concentrated aqueous caustic alkali solution; subjecting the resulting solution to a solid-liquid separation treatment; dissolving the resulting solid contents in an aqueous organic acid solution; adding, to the resulting solution, an alcohol or a caustic alkali to thus form precipitates; washing the resulting precipitates; and then drying them. This chitosan-containing polysaccharide is a compound in which homopolymers of glucosamine are linked with glucan through covalent bonds; it has a molar ratio of glucosamine and glucose constituting the polysaccharide ranging from 1:5 to 5:1; it has a molecular weight of about 150,000; and it does not contain any ?(1?3) bonds, but comprises ?(1?4) bonds and ?(1?6) bonds.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid purification method and purification apparatus characterized by high washing efficiency where contamination does not occur and liquid does not remain in the nozzle tip. The present invention provides a tip containing the solid phase capturing a nucleic acid characterized in that washing solution is fed into said tip unidirectionally from head to end.

Abstract: The invention relates first of all to a process for preparing alkali- and heat-stable sugar alcohol compositions which exhibits an optical density lower than or equal to 0.100 in an S-test, in which a sugar alcohol composition is treated with a strong base anion exchange resin in the hydroxide form, at a temperature between 30° C. and 100° C. Second of all, the invention relates to a sorbitol composition.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing a substrate for the transglycosylase enzymes of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The chemical synthesis makes available a sustainable and substantially pure source of supply of lipid II, including analogs thereof, that may be used in the identification of new therapeutic agents capable of disrupting steps in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis.

Abstract: A process for the resolution of a racemic mixture of nucleoside enantiomers that includes the step of exposing the racemic mixture to an enzyme that preferentially catalyzes a reaction in one of the enantiomers. The nucleoside enantiomer (?)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-(5-fluorocytosin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolane is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner.

Abstract: A suitable carrier molecule useful in a nucleic acid precipitation method is modified by coupling a suitable visualizable indicator molecule to the carrier molecule. The conjugated carrier facilitates nucleic acid precipitation because the presence and location of nucleic acid in a sample is readily observed and monitored.

Abstract: A process for making solid sugar surfactants involving: (a) providing a glycose component; (b) acetalizing the glycose component with a fatty alcohol to form a technical mixture containing excess fatty alcohol and alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside; and (c) contacting the technical mixture with an extractant to form a solid phase containing the extractant, a predominant part of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside and a small amount of fatty alcohol, and a liquid phase containing a predominant part of the fatty alcohol.

Abstract: A process for obtaining ?-glucan from cereal grain, such as barley and oats. A ?-glucan product obtained by the process. Uses of the ?-glucan product as a food ingredient and for treating various diseases or disorders. The process includes the steps of forming flour from the cereal grain, mixing the flour with water to form a slurry of a process for obtaining ?-glucan from cereal grain including forming flour from the cereal grain, mixing the flour with water to form a slurry of an aqueous solution of ?-glucan and a solid residue, separating the aqueous solution from the solid residue, and removing water from the aqueous solution by evaporation or ultrafiltration or combinations thereof to form a ?-glucan containing gel or solid.

Abstract: A process for obtaining purified hemicellulose, cellulose and cellulose-hemicellulose complexes comprising the steps of adding alcohol to caustic liquor from alkali extraction of fiber to precipitate the hemicellulose and the simultaneous, or about simultaneous, density separation of hemicellulose from the caustic liquor. The alcohol transforms the soluble high molecular weight hemicellulose into a light precipitate which floats on top of the caustic liquor solution. The caustic liquor can be subjected to a second separation step whereby the insoluble components (e.g. cellulose and cellulose-hemicellulose complexes) can be removed from the caustic liquor.

Abstract: A process for preparing beta-fructofuranosidase enzyme and a process for producing fructooligosaccharides, in which the preparation of the enzyme is obtained by cultivating the fungus Aspergillus niger, either wild or mutated, in a preferably semi-solid culture medium, in order to produce an extracellular enzyme, which is submitted to transfructosylation for producing fructooligosaccharides comprising sugars which are formed by one unit of sacrose and by two, three and four units of fructose.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a new fractionated polydisperse carbohydrate composition having the following definition: an av. DP which is significantly higher than the av. DP of a native polydisperse carbohydrate composition, significantly free of low molecular monomers, dimmers, and oligomers, significantly free of impurities chosen among the group consisting of colourings, salts, proteins and organic acids, significantly free of technological aids such as solubility affecting products. The present invention concerns also the preparation process of the composition according to the invention.

Abstract: A glucan extracted by oxidation treatment of microorganism cells belonging to the genus Aspergillus under alkaline conditions; a glucan obtained by dissolving an aqueous solvent-insoluble fraction of the glucan in an aprotic polar solvent; a glucan obtained by dissolving the glucan in a urea solution; methods for obtaining the glucan; a method for measuring an amount of (1?3)-?-D-glucan in a sample using the glucan; and a (1?3)-?-D-glucan measuring kit containing the glucan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel extractive methods for purifying sucralose. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising the sucralose preparations made by the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of deoxy sugars, such as fucose from biomass-derived solutions, such as spent liquors obtained from pulping processes. The invention is based on the use of chromatographic fractionation with specific column packing materials and combinations thereof. The deoxy sugar product obtained from the chromatographic fractionation may be further purified by crystallization. The invention also provides a novel crystalline fucose product and a novel process for the crystallization of fucose.

Abstract: In a reaction system having at least two liquid-liquid interfaces between an organic phase of raw material containing a compound(s) to be separated and an aqueous phase of an aqueous solution of inclusion-complexing agent and between that aqueous phase and an organic phase(s) of extraction solvent(s), the compound(s) to be separated is entrapped into the aqueous phase through formation of an inclusion complex(es) of the inclusion-complexing agent with the compound(s), while the compound(s) is entrapped into the organic phase(s) of extraction solvent(s) through dissociation of said inclusion complex(es). The foregoing operation is performed using, for example, a squarish U-shaped tube or an H-shaped tube with bottom plates. Preferred examples of inclusion-complexing agent include highly water-soluble branched cyclodextrins.

Abstract: A method for producing a purified Auricularia auricula Polysaccharide (AP) extract of Auricularia auricula (AA). A hydrated predetermined amount of AA is filtered and extracted, producing a first pre-extract. A plurality of additional hydrated predetermined amounts of AA is separately filtered and extracted to produce a plurality of additional pre-extracts. The pre-extracts are combined to form a first extract. The first extract is concentrated and suspended, forming a precipitate. The precipitate is purified to form a first filtrate, and repurified to form a second filtrate. The first and second filtrates are combined to form a first combined filtrate, which is concentrated, purified and dried to form a concentrated extract. The concentrated extract is purified to form a third filtrate, and repurified to form a fourth filtrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a purification method of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, more particularly to a method of preparing high-purity hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate through a simple crushing process which comprises: increasing fluidity of reaction product mixture by adding fluidization solvent as a post-treatment process; and spraying it into water through a spray nozzle. As a result, formation of fine granular hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate particles prevents inter-particle coagulation during the a post-treatment process, and phthalic anhydride reactant, free phthalic acid and remaining acetic acid solvent can be removed effectively.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the purification and recovery of polysaccharide gums from an aqueous solution, particularly xanthan gum from a fermentation broth. An aqueous solution of at least one polysaccharide gum is mixed with a non-solvent stream comprising water and a subprecipitant level of a non-solvent of the polysaccharide gum. The mixture is concentrated to increase the polysaccharide gum concentration, and optionally undergoes a heat treatment. Additional non-solvent is added to the concentrated mixture to precipitate the polysaccharide gum. The precipitated gum is dried after being separated from the liquid component of the mixture. The removed liquid component can be recycled to the earlier step in the process in which the polysaccharide gum solution is mixed with the non-solvent stream.

Abstract: Glucosamine salts and derivatives are effective for the improvement of blood flow, and hence, for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by blood flow disturbances, such as thrombosis. Use of glucosamine salts or glucosamine derivatives as active ingredients can provide blood flow improvers, thrombosis preventives or remedies, and dietetic drinks or foods for the improvement of blood flow or for the prevention and/or treatment of thrombosis. Administration of glucosamine salts or glucosamine derivatives can improve blood flow and can prevent and/or treat thrombosis.

Abstract: Methods of making high molecular weight hyaluronates are disclosed. The methods include contacting a hyaluronate-containing source with an acid to make an acidic hyaluronate suspension, contacting that suspension with an anionic ion exchange medium in the presence of an acidic buffer, and thereafter contacting the medium with an acidic buffer having a higher salt content to desorb the hyaluronate from the medium. The methods are amenable for isolating hyaluronate from such sources as avian (e.g., chicken, duck, turkey, or goose) eggshells and connective tissues of animals.

Abstract: A purified chitin has a total content of fatty acids and salts thereof not higher than 0.2 wt. % in terms of fatty acids. The purified chitin can be produced by washing a chitin with at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of organic solvent and water-containing organic solvents such that a total content of fatty acids and salts thereof is lowered at least to 0.2 wt. % in terms of fatty acids.

Abstract: A method for the indirect extraction of DNA greater than 300 kb in size from non-cultivatable organisms contained in an environmental sample is disclosed. The method comprises isolating the organisms from the sample and embedding the isolated organisms in a block of agarose where the organisms are subsequently lysed and the DNA subjected to a first alternating field electrophoresis to extract DNA fragments which are large in size and separate them from the cell debris. The first electrophoretic migration is followed by an enzymatic restriction step and additional electrophoretic migrations. The invention also encompasses DNA obtained by the method.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method comprising a multistep process for recovering one or more monosaccharides from a solution containing at least two monosaccharides selected from the group consisting of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and mixtures thereof by using chromatographic separation comprising at least one step, where a weak acid cation exchange resin is used for the chromatographic separation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing protoplasts of cassava or closely related species, which protoplasts are capable of regeneration into plants. The method comprises producing friable embryogenic callus from explants of cassava or closely related species and isolating protoplasts from said friable embryogenic callus. The invention also concerns protoplasts obtainable by said method. The invention further relates to a method for transforming such a protoplast of cassava or closely related species, and transformed protoplasts obtainable thereby. In addition, the invention concerns a method for regenerating plants from these protoplasts and a cassava plant or closely related species obtainable thereby. Starch isolated from tubers of such cassava plants have an increased amylopectin content. The starch and a method for isolating it from said plants also forms part of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of isolation of bioactive eupalitin (3-O-O-D-galactopyranoside) of formula 1 possessing anti-osteoporosis activity by extraction of powdered leaves of Boerhaavia diffusa, with better yield:

Abstract: A crystalline form of sucralose, and a method of making it. The method involves continuously crystallizing sucralose from an aqueous solution by a process providing continuous removal and recirculation of the vessel contents, and providing a long residence time for sucralose in the system. The crystals thus formed are of a relatively low length/diameter ratio, have an unsymmetrical shape, and exhibit good stability. The larger crystals in particular are tapered as compared to the rod-like larger crystals in prior art product.

Abstract: Substantially pure amorphous 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-methyl-9a-homoerythromycin A. In addition, this disclosure is directed to a process for the preparation thereof from crude 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-methyl-9a-homoerythromycin A via orthorhombic isostructural pseudopolymorphs of 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-methyl-9a-homoerythromycin A, of the general formula I: wherein S represents a water-miscible or water-immiscible organic solvent, characterized by the orthorhombic space group P212121, with average unit cell parameters a=8.2 to 9.7 ?, b=11.5 to 13.5 ?, c=44.5 to 47.0 ?, ?=?=?=90°, wherein a, b and c represent the crystal axes lengths and ?, ? and ? represent the angles between the crystal axes.

Abstract: Process for the production of polysaccharide ethers, e.g. cellulose ethers, are disclosed wherein salts formed during the process, e.g., sodium nitrate or sodium acetate, are converted to their corresponding acids and bases by means of an electric current, preferably in combination with a bipolar membrane and suitable catiion and/or anion membranes. The acids and bases recovered from the process can be recycled, thereby avoiding the need to provide for disposal of salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a weakly acid cation exchange resin for chromatographic separation of carbohydrates. In the invention the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction of carbohydrates, sugars and sugar alcohols with the weakly acid cation exchange resin is utilized. The weakly acid cation exchange resin is used for separation of hydrophobic saccharides, such as deoxy, methyl and anhydrosugars and anhydrosugaralcohols from more hydrophilic saccharides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the crosslinking of polysaccharides. The process of the invention is a process for the crosslinking of at least one polymer selected from polysaccharides and their derivatives, under the action of at least one polyfunctional crosslinking agent, characterized in that said polyfunctional crosslinking agent is reacted with said polymer, in the solid state, during hydration. The invention is applied to the manufacture of hydrogels and gels that can be used, in particular, in plastic or cosmetic surgery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of xylitol. The process utilises ribulose for the preparation of xylitol and involves several different conversion reactions, such as reduction, epimerisation and/or isomerisation. The present invention also relates to the use of ribulose for the preparation of xylitol.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for the production of purified, partially esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters and the compositions derived from those processes. The purified, partially esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters of the present invention are particularly well suited for use in a variety of food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications and comprise less than about 5% by dry weight of polyol; less than about 5 ppm of residual solvent; less than about 700 ppm of lower alky esters; less than about 5% by dry weight of a soap and free fatty acid mixture; and less than about 3% by dry weight of ash. The compositions have an acid value of less than about 6.

Abstract: A composition is prepared by extracting and isolating phytochemical fractions from plant matter for treatment of cancer and especially for breast, prostate, skin, colon, urinary and bladder cancer. The composition is enriched preferably with two or more different phytochemical fractions, namely, isoflavones, lignans, saponins and saponogenins, catechins, and phenolic acids. The two selected fractions are different from each other and are combined specifically to form a composition to treat cancer. Soy is the preferred source of these phytochemicals; however, other plants may also be used, such as wheat, psyllium, rice, oats, red clover, kudzu, alfalfa, flax, and cocoa. The composition may be delivered in an easy to use or consume form, such as creams, pills, tablets, capsules, dry powder, health bars, food ingredients and supplements, tablets, soft gels, and the like.