Abstract: A method of preparing a sugar chain sample, for reducing unreacted labeling reagent in a sample solution containing a labeled sugar chain, includes (process 1) a process of bringing the sample solution containing the labeled sugar chain into contact with monolithic silica, so as to allow the monolithic silica to adsorb a sugar chain component; (process 2) a process of washing the monolithic silica with a washing liquid; and (process 3) a process of bringing the monolithic silica into contact with an eluant, so as to elute the adsorbed sugar chain.

Abstract: The invention provides a high throughput, high purity, high yield system and method of isolating and purifying rebaudioside A (“Reb A”), with acceptable water solubility for all commercial uses, from commercially available Stevia rebaudiana starting material. The invention also provides a means of maximizing yields of 99+% purity Reb A based on the attributes of a given batch of Stevia starting material. The Reb A produced by the invention is water soluble, devoid of bitterness heretofore associated with rebaudioside sweeteners, non-caloric, and suitable for use as a reagent and as an ingredient in orally consumed products, e.g., as a sweetener, flavor enhancer, and flavor modifier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel methods of using polymeric adsorbent resin for chemical synthesis and the purification of product therefrom. Also disclosed herein is a novel method of using silica gel for the combination of chemical reaction and chromatography into a single step. The methods disclosed herein increase the efficiency of chemical synthesis processes. Accordingly, the utility of the methods disclosed herein includes the ability to automate chemical synthesis and purification of the resulting products.

Abstract: High-yielding method for chemical hydrolysis of lignocellulose into monosaccharides. The process of the invention can additionally be applied to cellulose, xylan and related biomass polysaccharides, such as galactan, mannan, or arabinan. The method is employed for hydrolysis of a biomass polysaccharide substrate. The process is carried out in an ionic liquid in which cellulose is soluble in the presence of catalytic acid at a temperature sufficiently high to initiate hydrolysis. Water is added to the reaction mixture after initiation of hydrolysis at a rate controlled to avoid precipitation yet avoid undesired sugar dehydration products such ad HMF. Hydrolysis product is useful as feedstock for fermentations including fermentation processes for ethanol, butanol and other fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to monovalent fucose-binding peptides. The peptides may be recombinantly produced or chemically synthesized. Preferably the peptides are derived from a lectin, in particular Aleuria aurantia lectin. Furthermore the invention relates to methods for producing the peptides, assays using the peptides for diagnosis of disorders, as well as methods using the peptides for separation and detection of fucose-containing compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is L-glucose monohydrate and compositions thereof. Also disclosed are methods for making L-glucose monohydrate and compositions thereof. Further disclosed are methods for colonic cleansing using L-sugars, such as L-glucose monohydrate, and compositions and kits useful for colonic cleansing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of labeling a sugar chain, used for labeling a sugar chain contained in a biological sample, aimed at simplifying a process of isolating a sugar chain from a biological sample and labeling it, which includes (a) trapping a sugar chain in a sugar-trapping substance, which is a substance for specifically trapping a sugar chain from a biological sample; (b) washing the sugar-trapping substance having the sugar chains trapped thereon; (c) releasing the sugar chain from the sugar-trapping substance; and (d) labeling the released sugar chain, wherein the processes (a), (b), (c) and (d) are conducted sequentially in a single reaction vessel.

Abstract: A process is described for the continuous preparation and/or workup of polysaccharide derivatives by reaction and/or conditioning in a suspension with liquid reaction partners, in which, in accordance with FIG. 1, a) a preferably pumpable suspension stream of solids SE and liquid phase LE, if appropriate preheated to 185° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing DMF for sucralose production, including, e.g., isolating DMF from a composition comprising DMF, water, and methanol, using a single-tower rectification system. In various embodiments of the present invention, the composition, after the removal of water and methanol, may be further dried/dehydrated, such as, by using a dehydration agent and/or filtration. The resulting substantially pure DMF may comprise at least about 98-99% DMF. The present invention further provides a method of preparing a composition comprising anhydrous sucrose for sucralose production, which may comprise mixing regular sucrose with a water-containing DMF composition, and drying the resulting sucrose-DMF composition. Also provided is a single-tower separation system for isolating DMF from a composition comprising DMF, water, and methanol.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for separating a heteropolyacid from a monosaccharide in the presence of water. The method comprises separating a heteropolyacid from a mixture containing a monosaccharide, the heteropolyacid and water using an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of linear C2-4 alkyl ethyl ether and linear or branched C6-12 alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crystalline form of 4-(?-D-glucopyranos-1-yl)-1-methyl-2-[4-((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-benzyl]-benzene, to a method for the preparation thereof, as well as to the use thereof for preparing medicaments.

Abstract: There is described an inclusion complex of raloxifene hydrochloride and ?-cyclodextrin in the solid phase having a specific X-ray powder diffraction spectrum. The invention also relates to a process for obtaining the raloxifene hydrochloride inclusion complex with ?-cyclodextrin of the invention. The complex of the invention is employed as a pharmaceutical ingredient in the treatment of osteoporosis, specifically postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microcrystallized polyol comprising at least two polyols, wherein said polyols are selected from the group consisting of maltitol, xylitol and lactitol and wherein said composition contains at least 25% by weight of each of at least two of said polyols microcrystallized together into a solid microcrystalline product. The present invention also relates to a process for the microcrystallization of polyols into a polyol composition. The microcrystallized polyol composition can be used in confectionery, foodstuffs, oral hygiene products and pharmaceuticals and in dietetic products.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for crystallizing sucralose, which comprises using a mixed solvent, which comprises two solvents with different boiling points, wherein the solvent with lower boiling point has higher solubility to sucralose than the solvent with higher boiling point. The method of the present invention has the advantages of low cost, high yield, mild processing conditions, stable quality, simple apparatuses and so on.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the purification and recovery of polysaccharide gums from an aqueous solution, particularly xanthan gum from a fermentation broth. An aqueous solution of at least one polysaccharide gum is mixed with a non-solvent stream comprising water and a subprecipitant level of a non-solvent of the polysaccharide gum. The mixture is concentrated to increase the polysaccharide gum concentration, and optionally undergoes a heat treatment. Additional non-solvent is added to the concentrated mixture to precipitate the polysaccharide gum. The precipitated gum is dried after being separated from the liquid component of the mixture. The removed liquid component can be recycled to the earlier step in the process in which the polysaccharide gum solution is mixed with the non-solvent stream.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for treating biomass bearing material including municipal solid waste (MSW). The apparatus includes a reaction vessel configured for rotation and steam injection, with helically arranged auger vanes attached to the internal walls of the vessel, a self aligning door. Embodiments includes various of a heated jacket, modified raised projections on the top edge of the auger vanes, a modified door, modified door sealing assembly, and a process of quick charging the interior of the vessel with steam.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing xylose by extracting hemicellulose from a cellulosic material, such as by a cold caustic extraction method, concentrating the extract, such as by nanofiltration, into a hemicaustic stream containing hemicellulose with greater than about 85 wt % xylan content, and subsequently hydrolysing the xylan from the hemicaustic stream to xylose. The high concentration of xylan within the concentrated hemicaustic stream enables hydrolyzation of the xylan to food-grade xylose and, optionally, hydrogenation of the xylose to xylitol without the need of a chromatographic separation step as previously required.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing regenerated biopolymers in the form of carbohydrates, using a solvent system that contains the biopolymers dissolved therein. The solvent system is based on a melted ionic liquid and optionally a protic solvent or a mixture thereof. The biopolymers dissolved in the solvent system are precipitated in a coagulation medium, said medium comprising a protic coagulant or a mixture of protic coagulants. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the surface tension a of the coagulant or the mixture of coagulants is 99% to 30% of the surface tension a of water, the surface tension being measured according to ASTM D 1590-60 at a temperature of 50° C. The method according to the invention is economical and flexible and leads to advantageous products, especially in the form of staple fibers which are especially not fibrillated and have an advantageous wet to dry strength ratio.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for selective capture, isolation and purification of chlorinated sucrose compounds, including chlorinated sucrose, their precursors and derivatives, including trichlorogalactosucrose (TGS), directly from chlorinated reaction mixture by column chromatography on adsorbents and under conditions which result in specific and selective affinity towards one or more of chlorinated sucrose compound. The process also integrates de-esterification of chlorinated sucrose esters adsorbed on the adsorbent while they are being treated with desorbent. The process also provides a novel approach to concentration and crystallization of TGS. The chlorinated sucrose derivatives, including TGS, thus isolated are substantially free from most impurities, salts and organic solvents. The process has high recovery of more than 95% in terms of desired chlorinated sucrose derivatives including TGS.

Abstract: A process of removal of pyridine or a pyridine analogue from a composition or a Process Stream in a process of production of 4,1?, 6? trichlorogalactosucrose is described comprising reacting pyridine with an acid, the said acid being used preferably in gaseous form, achieving complete precipitation of the salt of pyridine in higher alcoholic solvents and non-polar solvents, filtering off the precipitate of the said salt of pyridine to achieve removal of pyridine from the reaction system and optionally regenerating and recovering pyridine by reacting the said salt with alkali.

Abstract: Methods using two to (n) purification columns to separate full length 5?-DMT-on oligonucleotides with size ranging from 40 to 180-mers from short length 5?-DMT-on oligonucleotides. Two of the said methods require using some columns sequentially with the collection and reprocessing of an intermediate fraction and are used for oligonucleotides with length ranging from 70 to 180-mers. A third method is carried out with columns stacked and used in series and is best used to purify oligonucleotides with length ranging from 40 to 80-mers. In the presence of a high ionic strength buffer, the short length DMT-on oligonucleotides bind to the top stacked columns while the less hydrophobic contaminant or DMT-off failures do not bind and/or are being washed off. In a stacked configuration, the full length DMT-on oligonucleotides are retained by the bottom column while in a 15 sequential configuration, full length DMT-on oligonucleotides are collected and reprocessed.

Abstract: There is provided an improved method for the recovery of residual, unseparated ?-ACF from reaction mixtures remaining from an initial synthesis of ACF, which is in particular usable on a large industrial scale, more particularly in the production of capecitabine.

Abstract: A process is described for extractive isolation and purification of Trichlorogalactosucrose from impurities from a composition substantially free from N-N Dimethylformamide (DMF) comprising a first extractive separation by adjusting aqueous to a mixture of organic solvents in the composition to a certain ratio of aqueous to organic phase, extracting the aqueous layer of this step by a single organic solvent, followed by saturation of the aqueous layer by salt and ultimately extracting TGS in the organic layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysaccharide extracted from Antrodia camphorata and the method for preparing the polysaccharide. The invention also relates to compositions and methods for hepatoprotective effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods of purification of sugars and in particular to a method of preparing lactose. A low purity lactose source such as whey is subjected to a first demineralization step involving either ion-exchange or the addition of divalent metal cations, followed by a second demineralization step where alcohol is added. The invention also relates to lactose produced by this method and products comprising lactose produced by this method.

Abstract: An improved process of production of a chlorinated sugar is described comprising chlorination of a partially protected sugar, wherein quenching as well as neutralization of chlorinated reaction mass is carried out concurrently and continuously in a reactor which is a continuous mixer as well as quencher providing continuous mixing of chlorination reaction mixture and pH adjusting solution and also provides for continuous quenching and continuous removal of quenched chlorinated reaction mixture.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.

Abstract: A process is described which uses whole cell preparations, immobilized or without immobilization, of a microorganism, including Aureobasidium pullulans, capable of forming enzymes of the group of fructosyltransferases, for catalyzing a reaction between sucrose and 6-O-protected glucose for formation of 6-O-protected sucrose, an intermediate in synthesis of trichlorogalactosucrose. 6-O-protected Sucrose is separated from high molecular weight by-products of the reaction having molecular weight of 500 daltons and more by reverse osmosis, and further purified by column chromatography.

Abstract: The present invention describes natamycin comprising needle shaped crystals.

Abstract: An affinity matrix comprising a base matrix containing biotin; and a fusion protein attached to the base matrix, wherein the fusion protein contains a matrix binding element capable of binding to the base matrix via biotin and a target binding element capable of binding, or being bound by, at least one target component.

Abstract: A process for reducing the protein content and preserving the capsular polysaccharide content in a complex cellular Streptococcus pneumoniae lysate broth prior to purification is described. Utilizing pH reduction after cellular lysis has resulted in a purified polysaccharide that consistently meets the protein specification, and higher recovery yields of polysaccharide during the purification process.

Abstract: A recombinant protein is prepared comprising a polypeptide of interest and a starch binding domain (SBD). The said SBD is obtainable from glucoamylase of fungi genus Rhizopus. The said recombinant protein comprising the said SBD can be purified by contacting with an affinity matrix such as starch, the SBD binds to the affinity matrix to isolate the recombinant protein. The recombinant protein can be purified by separating the association between the SBD and the affinity matrix by acid, alkaline, salt, or sugar. The polypeptide of interest may be an antibody, an antigen, a therapeutic compound, an enzyme, or a protein and may apply in pathogen destruction, vaccine producing, and oral care product manufacturing. The SBD further provides as a tool to screen or identify polysacchrides.

Abstract: A method for separating carbohydrates from pulping liquors includes the steps of providing a wood pulping or wood or biomass hydrolysis pulping liquor having lignin therein, and mixing the liquor with an acid or a gas which forms an acid upon contact with water to initiate precipitation of carbohydrate to begin formation of a precipitate. During precipitation, at least one long chain carboxylated carbohydrate and at least one cationic polymer, such as a polyamine or polyimine are added, wherein the precipitate aggregates into larger precipitate structures. Carbohydrate gel precipitates are then selectively removed from the larger precipitate structures. The method process yields both a carbohydrate precipitate and a high purity lignin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to macromolecular polysaccharide-peptide conjugates which contain a peptide portion which C-terminally contains the amino acid sequence Ala-Gly-Arg, which is cleaved by thrombin.

Abstract: A process for the purification of aqueous feed streams containing sucralose comprises: a) extracting an aqueous feed stream comprising sucralose with a first organic solvent and producing a first organic extract and a first aqueous extract, in which the organic solvent is immiscible with water, and a portion of the sucralose passes into the first organic extract; b) optionally extracting the first organic extract with an aqueous solvent to produce a second organic extract and a second aqueous extract, in which the sucralose preferentially passes into the second aqueous extract, and in which the second aqueous extract is recycled to step a); c) concentrating the first aqueous extract to form a concentrated aqueous feed stream; and d) extracting the concentrated aqueous feed stream with a second organic solvent and producing a third organic extract and a third aqueous extract, in which the second organic solvent is immiscible with water, and in which the sucralose preferentially passes into the third organic

Abstract: Method for preparing highly pure L-iditol, consisting in subjecting a mixture of L-iditol and of L-sorbose to a chromatographic treatment, in such a way as to obtain at least two fractions, one of which is highly enriched in L-iditol and the other of which is highly enriched in L-sorbose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing silylated pullulan, which features reacting pullulan with N,O-bistrimethylsilylacetamide by using, as a reaction medium, only one of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or a mixed solvent of both of them. Compared with conventional processes, the process according to the present invention can produce high-purity silylated pullulan simply, easily and efficiency.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for recovering a low sodium content lignin from spent kraft cooking liquor without the use a of strong mineral acid for acidulation comprising the steps of acidulating a spent kraft cooking liquor with carbon dioxide gas to a pH below about 10.5, precipitating at least a portion of the lignin forming lignin agglomerates and lignin particles in the spent kraft cooking liquor and recovering a low water and low sodium content lignin product comprising calcium or magnesium compounds bound to said lignin.

Abstract: The present invention relates, e.g., to an isolated polypeptide from a cyanobacterium, Microcystis viridis, which binds specifically to an oligosaccharide comprising the tetrasaccharide Man-alpha-(1?6)Man-beta (1?4) GlcNAc-beta(1?4)GlcNAc. The polypeptide can be obtained, for example, from a cell that expresses a recombinant nucleic acid that encodes a MVL-like polypeptide. The invention also relates to an isolated polypeptide comprising one or more copies of the sequence GPLWSNXEAQXXGPX (SEQ ID NO: 1) and/or one or more copies of the sequence FTGQWXTXVEXXMSV (SEQ ID NO: 2), wherein the polypeptide binds specifically to the above-mentioned oligosaccharide. Conjugates comprising such polypeptides and an effector molecule are also disclosed, as are methods of using such polypeptides or conjugates, e.g., for inhibiting infection by a virus, such as HIV, or for removing a virus, such as HIV, from a sample, such as a bodily fluid or an inanimate object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing xylo-oligosaccharides, comprising the steps of cold caustic extraction (CCE) of a pulp obtained by a cooking process; purifying at least a portion of the press liquor forming in the cold caustic extraction stage using a membrane separation process, preferably nano- or ultrafiltration; obtaining the xylans from at least a portion of the retentate of the membrane separation process; processing at least a portion of the xylans obtained into xylo-oligosaccharides.

Abstract: An improved process for separating and isolating individual polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) on the basis of degree of polymerization. A liquid sample containing polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) is introduced into a liquid chromatography (LC) column packed with a polar bonded stationary chromatographic phase. The individual polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) are separated via a binary mobile phase elution. One or more individual fractions containing the monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) are eluted. The polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) may be proanthocyanidins, hydrolyzable tannins, oligosaccharides, oligonucleotides, peptides, acrylamides, polysorbates, polyketides, poloxarners, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene alcohols or polyvinyl alcohols. The binary mobile phase comprises an A phase consisting essentially of a polar aprotic solvent and a B phase consisting essentially of a polar protic solvent. A process for separating and isolating xanthine(s) (e.g.

Abstract: Methods for the purification of the macrolide moxidectin result in higher purity levels than can often otherwise be obtained. The crystalline moxidectin is then used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical and veterinary applications, including the prevention, treatment and control of parasites in plants, animals and humans.

Abstract: SAE-CD compositions are provided, along with methods of making and using the same. The SAE-CD composition comprises a sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin and less than 100 ppm of a phosphate, wherein the SAE-CD composition has an absorption of less than 0.5 A.U. due to a drug-degrading agent, as determined by UV/vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 245 nm to 270 nm for an aqueous solution containing 300 mg of the SAE-CD composition per mL of solution in a cell having a 1 cm path length.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a carbohydrate selected from sucralose and sucralose-6-esters from an aqueous feed stream is disclosed. The process comprises extracting the feed stream with an organic solvent, such as ethyl acetate, back extracting the resulting carbohydrate-containing organic extract with an aqueous solvent, and either crystallizing the carbohydrate from the organic solvent or replacing the organic solvent with water and crystallizing the carbohydrate from water. The process results in an increased overall yield of the carbohydrate.

Abstract: A process for forming crystalline lactose suitable for use in a pharmaceutical formulation comprises subjecting a solution comprising a plurality of nanosized lactose particles to conditions sufficient to cause crystallization to occur on the nanosized lactose particles such that a plurality of lactose particles are formed therefrom having a median diameter ranging from about 4 ?m to about 20 ?m.

Abstract: Methods for cell lysis and purification of biological materials, involving subjecting a sample to high pressure. Also featured is an apparatus for practicing the methods.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method of recycling and producing fibers from sewage sludge, such as streams of municipal, agricultural and industrial flowing wastes to be further processed. The present invention also relates to industrial means adapted for recycling the same. The present invention discloses environmentally friendly processes and means for recovering valuable fibers and especially cellulose fibers and the like from agricultural and/or urban sewage sludge, waste and/or industrial effluents to decrease its volume especially BOD and TSS, obtaining valuable raw materials and decreasing environmental damages.

Abstract: The invention includes methods for producing dianhydrosugar alcohol by providing an acid catalyst within a reactor and passing a starting material through the reactor at a first temperature. At least a portion of the staring material is converted to a monoanhydrosugar isomer during the passing through the column. The monoanhydrosugar is subjected to a second temperature which is greater than the first to produce a dianhydrosugar. The invention includes a method of producing isosorbide. An initial feed stream containing sorbitol is fed into a continuous reactor containing an acid catalyst at a temperature of less than 120° C. The residence time for the reactor is less than or equal to about 30 minutes. Sorbitol converted to 1,4-sorbitan in the continuous reactor is subsequently provided to a second reactor and is dehydrated at a temperature of at least 120° C. to produce isosorbide.

Abstract: A method for producing chitosan from naturally occurring chitin-containing raw material, such as crustacean shells, includes an optional pretreatment step to remove non-chitin rich organic material for example, shrimp flesh, from the raw material, e.g., shrimp shells. The optional pretreatment is followed by a demineralization step utilizing a mild hydrochloric acid solution and a deproteination step utilizing a mild sodium hydroxide solution. The deproteination step is followed by a deacetylation step to remove the acetyl group from N-acetylglucosamine (chitin) to form an amine group, yielding d-glucosamine (chitosan). Each step is followed by a washing step and the product is dried, preferably at a temperature not in excess of about 65° C. Known purification and grinding steps may also be used to produce the final chitosan product. The process is carried out in equipment comprising a series of substantially identical or similar tanks (18, 26, 36, etc.) and dryers (62, 62?), suitably interconnected.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to compounds for preparing fluorocarbon compounds, methods for preparing fluorocarbon compounds, and methods for purifying a mixture of compounds. One aspect of the present invention relates to a trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon. The trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon compound of the invention is useful for attaching a fluorocarbon group to a compound that has a nucleophilic functional group. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a fluorocarbon by treating a compound bearing a nucleophilic functional group with a trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon compound.