Abstract: Methods of preparing propellant compositions for power loads and firearms that include providing pre-shaped particle sized starting material, shaped consistent with a desired final propellant product shape, and thereafter nitrating and stabilizing the pre-shaped starting material using boiling stabilization processes. The resulting nitrated propellants of the methods reliably exhibit complete stabilization, high nitrogen substitution, high shelf life and acceptable ballistic performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a barrier layer and a packaging laminate comprising a barrier layer and a method to produce a barrier layer. The barrier layer is manufactured of a cellulose-based hydrolysate. The barrier layer comprises lignin and oligo- or poly-saccharides, where the lignin and oligo- or polysaccharides are at least partly covalently bonded to each other in a matrix, and at least one co-component. The co-component is bonded to the lignin and oligo- or polysaccharides by means of primary and/or secondary bonds. In addition, the invention relates to a package made of the packaging laminate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber latex comprising an amount of starch, which rubber latex has a reduced allergen activity as compared to the same rubber latex without starch. In addition, the invention relates to the use of modified starch as donning powder for surgical gloves, wherein the used starch is a granular, low crystalline, preferably a non-crystalline starch.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating or ameliorating diseases and other conditions, such as infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and allergies are provided. The methods employ cyclic AGPs for selectively stimulating immune responses in animals and plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water soluble radiation activatable polymer resin formulations which are suitable to modify the absorption properties of fibrous materials and the polymer obtained by such radiation activatable polymer resins and the method of preparing such polymer. Fibrous materials made with radiation activatable resin formulations according to this invention are especially suitable for use in disposable absorbent articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives. In particular, the process relates to multiple cross-linked hyaluronic acid derivatives, to navel cross-linked derivatives so obtained, and to products containing them and their uses in cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical applications.

Abstract: Method for enhancing in a mammalian cell the activity of an enzyme associated with a lysosomal storage disorder by administering a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme in an amount effective to enhance the activity of the enzyme. Preferred compounds for use in the method are imino sugars and related compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose exhibiting good granulation characteristics and tablet properties. Specifically, there is provided low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having a hydroxypropoxyl content in the range of 5.0 to 16.0% by weight and an apparent average degree of polymerization in the range of 350 to 700.

Abstract: Nucleosides and oligonucleosides functionalized to include carbamate functionality, and derivatives thereof. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention further include steroids, reporter molecules, reporter enzymes, lipophilic molecules, peptides or proteins attached to the nucleosides through the carbamate group.

Abstract: The present invention describes isolated Fagopyritol A1, isolated Fagopyritol A2, and isolated Fagopyritol B3. Compositions which include two or more of Fagopyritol A1, Fagopyritol A2, Fagopyritol B1, Fagopyritol B2, Fagopyritol B3, and D-chiro-inositol, at least one of which is an isolated Fagopyritol A1, isolated Fagopyritol A2, or isolated Fagopyritol B3, are also disclosed. Methods for preparing substantially pure Fagopyritol A1, Fagopyritol A2, Fagopyritol B1, Fagopyritol B2, Fagopyritol B3, or mixtures thereof from buckwheat are also described. The fagopyritols can be used to prepare pharmaceutical compositions, the administration of which can be used to treat diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to chiral intermediates in a synthetic route for preparing endothelium receptor antagonists of formulae (7B) and (7A).

Abstract: Process for preparing surfactant, which comprises contacting cane trash, maize by-products, sorghum by-products, barley by-products, rice by-products, fruits, chicory pulp, tubers or cynara for at least 5 seconds with a hydrolysing agent selected from an aqueous acid solution at between 20 and 150.degree. C. and an enzymatic hydrolysing composition of a plant material at between 20 and 90.degree. C. to obtain a sugar syrup, freeing the sugar syrup from any solid residues and contacting the residue-free sugar syrup with a C.sub.4-22 -alcohol at a temperature of between 20 and 150.degree. C., preferably between 30 and 110.degree. C., until a solution of surfactant glycosides is obtained, and separating the surfactant glycosides from this solution.

Abstract: The process for the synthesis of an alkylpolyglucoside having the formula (I):H--(G).sub.n --O--R-- (I)whereinR is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl;G is a radical resulting from removal of a molecule of water from a monosaccharide; andn is an integer from 1 to 5;the process entailing reacting an alcohol with a monosaccharide or a compound capable of generating a monosaccharide in in situ, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst consisting of one or more sterically hindered polyalkylarylsulfonic acids.

Abstract: This invention provides lipids having: 1) a glycerol backbone; 2) a hydrocarbon chain, preferably saturated and containing 16 or 18 carbon atoms, attached to C-1 of the backbone by an ether linkage; 3) a methyl group attached to C-2 of the backbone, preferably by an ether linkage; and, 4) a sugar attached to C-3 of the glycerol backbone in either the alpha or beta anomeric configuration, the sugar being altered by modification of, or substitution for, one or more of its hydroxyl groups. Also provided herein are ether-lipid-containing compositions, as well as methods of administering such compositions to animals, for example, those afflicted with cancers, as well as various other diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Compounds useful in immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatment are described. The compounds are hydrolyzable triptolide analogs with improved water solubility and generally lower toxicity than the parent compound.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for the preparation of antiviral 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides comprising an intramolecular glycosylation reaction to produce exclusively the .beta.-diastereomer, and intermediates useful in the process.

Abstract: Sulfated oligosaccharides, wherein the oligosaccharide has the general formula I:R.sub.1 --(R.sub.x).sub.n --R.sub.2 (I)wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and each R.sub.x represents a monosaccharide unit, all of which may be the same or different, adjacent monosaccharide units being linked by 1.fwdarw.2, 1.fwdarw.3, 1.fwdarw.4 and/or 1.fwdarw.6 glycosidic bonds and n is an integer of from 1 to 6, and use thereof as anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic and/or anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides fluorescent nucleosides carrying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene stilbene, tetracene or pentacene. The subject nucleosides may be synthesized using a C-glycosidic bond formation method employing organocadium or organozinc derivatives of the aromatic compounds and coupling with a 1-.alpha.-chlororibose or deoxyribose synthon. The .alpha.-anomers of the coupling reaction may be epimerized to the .beta.-anomers by acid-catalyzed equilibration. The fluorescent nucleosides act as DNA or RNA base analogs and can be incorporated into nucleic acids. Resultant fluorescently tagged nucleic acids are useful as probes for target nucleic acids in tissues, solutions or immobilized on membranes.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbohydrate mimetics, which inhibit the binding of selectin to carbohydrate ligands, of the formula I ##STR1## excluding the compounds sialyl-Lewis-X and -A and their derivatives which, instead of an N-acetyl group, carry the substituents N.sub.3, NH.sub.2 or OH or which, instead of fucose, carry glycerol,and pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic agents containing these derivatives, and methods for using these pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic agents.

Abstract: An unbranched polylactosamine comprising at least 6 monosaccharides and having terminal .alpha.2.fwdarw.3 sialylation and internal .alpha.1.fwdarw.3 fucosylation at various N-acetylglucosamine residues except for solely at the penultimate N-acetylglucosamine residue.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a fucose or mannose residue, have therapeutic utility via inhibition of selectins, and thus of cell adhesion.

Abstract: The process includes obtaining a liquid extract from a fresh plant source material and mixing the extract with a solution saturated with at least one element having an oxidation number of one or two or combinations thereof. The resulting mixture provides for a solid precipitate material and a liquid portion containing the triterpene glycosides of which is then passed through a macroporous resin. The resin is then washed with an alcohol to obtain a solution thereof containing the triterpene glycosides. The solution is condensed to provide a purified liquid triterpene glycoside solution and then a drying step is performed to obtain a dry composition containing the triterpene glycosides.

Abstract: Epimer-free sugar alcohols can be prepared from the corresponding sugars by catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen in aqueous solution, the hydrogenation being carried out continuously at a hydrogen pressure of 100 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of 20 to 70.degree. C. on support-free shaped bodies which are arranged in a fixed bed and are made of pressed powders of metals or alloys of the elements of the iron subgroup of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements together with elements of subgroup IV and/or V. The shaped bodies have a compressive strength of 20 to 220 N and an internal surface area of 10 to 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Novel phosphorus protecting groups, intermediates thereof, and synthetic processes for making the same are disclosed. Oligomeric compounds are prepared through the protection of one or more internucleosidic phosphorus functionalities, preferably followed by oxidation and cleavage of the protecting groups to provide oligonucleotides.

Abstract: New glucose-based surfactants and methods of their synthesis are described. The surfactants are synthesized through the preparation of an intermediate glucose 4,6-cyclic sulfate. The surfactants are economical to prepare and have excellent surface-active properties.

Abstract: Disclosed are acid-stable compounds of Formula I: ##STR1## as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds as active ingredients, and methods to treat cancers in mammal, including humans, by administering one or more of the compounds to a subject in need thereof. The compounds are resistant to acid hydrolysis.

Abstract: Glycolipid mimics which include a rigid hydrophobic moiety are disclosed. Methods of using the glycolipid mimics are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel glycosides, especially steroidal and non-steroidal glycosides are provided. The steroidal and non-steroidal glycosides preferably are prepared from aglycons which possess valuable properties such as pharmacological properties. The glycosides are prepared from useful aglycons and possess useful properties which are the same as those of their respective unglycosylated aglycons. The glycosides are provided in acylated and deacylated form. The acylated glycosides after hydrolysis of the acyl groups possess enhanced water solubility properties, as illustrated in the case where the aglycon is acetominophen.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 2'-modified nucleosides is provided. The method comprises a novel intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction. Included in the invention are novel 2'-modified pyrimidines and purines prepared according to the method of the invention, novel pyrimidines and purines bearing a 2',3' heterocyclic substituent and oligonucleotides containing said 2'-modified pyrimidines and purines. The 2'-modified nucleosides are useful as anti-viral and anti-neoplastic agents.

Abstract: A pyruvate compound suitable for cosmetically or dermatologically administering to the skin and for use in treating diabetic ketosis or other medical treatments. The compound includes a pyruvate selected from the group of pyruvate thioester, dihydroxyacetonepyruvate, and an ester of pyruvate and a sugar or a polyol.

Abstract: A material inhibiting lipid peroxide-increase containing fructooligosaccharides is described which can conveniently provide at a low cost a food or drink product which exerts an excellent effect of inhibiting an increase in lipid peroxides without largely changing the daily dietary contents. The intake of the material inhibiting lipid peroxide-increase of the present invention can provide an excellent means for preventing various diseases (cancer, arterial sclerosis, etc.) caused by the formation of lipid peroxides, retarding aging, etc. Moreover, use of the material inhibiting lipid peroxide-increase of the present invention makes it possible to conveniently provide foods and drinks having excellent effects of inhibiting an increase in lipid peroxides at a low cost.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel saccharide derivatives which inhibit binding of toxins, such as heat-labile enterotoxin or cholera toxin, to their receptors either in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, disclosed are compounds which inhibit binding of enterovirulent organisms (e.g., bacteria, virus, fungi, and the like), such as Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, to their cell surface receptors.

Abstract: Novel multicomponent clostridial vaccine formulations using readily dispersible, non-depot adjuvants, such as saponin, are disclosed. The vaccines can be administered to cattle intramusculary or subcutaneously without the severe persistent local reactions, such as granulomas, abscesses, and scarring, normally seen with other multicomponent clostridial vaccines.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to vaccines comprising (1) one or more bacterial, viral or tumor-associated antigens; and (2) one or more saponin-lipophile conjugate in which a lipophilic moiety such as a lipid, fatty acid, polyethylene glycol or terpene is covalently attached to a non-acylated or desacylated triterpene saponin via a carboxyl group present on the 3-O-glucuronic acid of the triterpene saponin. The attachment of a lipophile moiety to the 3-O-glucuronic acid of a saponin such as Quillaja desacylsaponin, lucyoside P, or saponin from Gypsophila, Saponaria and Acanthophyllum enhances their adjuvant effects on humoral and cell mediated immunity. Additionally, the attachment of a lipophile moiety to the 3-O-glucuronic acid residue of non- or des-acylsaponin yields a saponin analog that is easier to purify, less toxic, chemically more stable, and possesses equal or better adjuvant properties than the original saponin.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel secomacrolides from the class of erythromycin A, potential intermediates for preparation of novel macrolide antibiotics general formula ##STR1## and its pharmaceuticaly acceptable addition salts with inorganic or organic acids, wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl group, arylcarbonyl group and together with R.sub.2 and carbon atoms to which they are bound, cyclic carbonyl or thiocarbonyl group, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or together with R.sub.1 and carbon atoms to which they are bound, cyclic carbonyl or thiocarbonyl group, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl or arylcarbonyl group,Z is hydrogen or L-cladinosyl group represented by formula (i) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl group, W is hydrogen or D-desosaminyl group represented by formula (ii) ##STR3## wherein R.sub.5 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl or arylcarbonyl group,X and Y together represent a lactone, or X is CH.sub.

Abstract: A novel process for making an alkylpolyglycoside comprises reacting a monosaccharide with an alcohol in the presence of a binary sulfate catalyst under heat. The particular binary sulfate catalyst is a mixture of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and inorganic base at a normal ratio of about 0.7:1 to 1.1:1 of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to inorganic base. Also the alkylpolyglycoside product from the reaction mixture can be isolated so that the alkylpolyglycoside process contains less than 5 weight percent free alcohol, and further separated into a white, free flowing powder of high DP (degree of polymerization) alkylpolyglycoside and a low DP alkylpolyglycoside paste.

Abstract: 7-O-(4-Amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)-daunomycinon e or -adriamycinone is now synthesized as a daunomycinone or adriamycinone derivative having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or hydroxyl group. These novel compounds according to this invention exhibit excellent antitumor activities and have a high solubility in water, and hence they are useful as an antitumor agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 1-thiogalactose derivatives which inhibit binding of heat labile toxin (LT) and/or chlorea toxin (CT) to cell surface receptors either in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, disclosed are compounds which inhibit binding of enterovirulent microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, virus, fungi, and the like) such as Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli to cell surface receptors.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for preparing biosurfactants for use in stabilizing emulsions of high viscosity hydrocarbons such as high viscosity crude oil wherein the biosurfactant is a metabolite of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (USB-CS1). The resulting biosurfactant can be used to produce stabilized emulsions having a viscosity of below about 500 centipoise and, more preferably, below about 100 centipoise at ambient temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X represents group (II) or (III): ##STR2## wherein Y represents a leaving group and Z represents an oligonucleotide. The compound can specifically transfer oligonucleotides to cells which specifically recognize a specified saccharide construction. Accordingly, the compound can be used as an antiviral agent or an antitumor agent.

Abstract: A process for reducing foam in an alkyl polyglycoside-containing cleaning composition by adding a defoaming-effective amount of an alkyl polyglycoside having the general formula I:R.sub.1 O(Z).sub.a Iwherein R.sub.1 is a monovalent organic radical having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms; Z is a glucose residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; a is a number having a value of from 1 to about 6, to a cleaning composition containing an alkyl polyglycoside having the general formula II:R.sub.2 O(Z).sub.a IIwherein R.sub.2 is a monovalent organic radical having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms; Z is a glucose residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; a is a number having a value of from 1 to about 6.

Abstract: The present process for producing a high .alpha.-monoglucosyl hesperidin content product is characterized in that it comprises the steps of contacting glucoamylase and .alpha.-L-rhamnosidase simultaneously or randomly with a solution containing .alpha.-glucosyl hesperidin and hesperidin to obtain a mixture; crystallizing and separating .alpha.-monoglucosyl hesperidin in and from the mixture; and collecting the resulting .alpha.-monoglucsyl hesperidin. From solutions containing .alpha.-glucosyl hesperidin and hesperidin, the present invention facilitates the production of a high .alpha.-monoglucosyl hesperidin content product which does not substantially contain hesperidin, .beta.-monoglucosyl hesperetin, and hesperetin, and has an extremely-superior water-solubility.

Abstract: The bonding agent composition comprises tannin of pine bark and/or pecan nut, paraformaldehyde and an ammonium salt of a weak acid. It serves inter alia as bonding agent for particle board with high transverse tensile strength, good water resistance and low formaldehyde emission.

Abstract: Hexose derivatives are described which facilitate control over the stereochemistry of the glycosyl bond formed in the course of a solid phase glycosylation reaction. Methods for their use are also described.

Abstract: The efficiency by which pulp cooking liquor components penetrate the wood and enable lignin and resins to be removed from the cellulosic materials is increased by contacting wood chips and the like with a liquid mixture comprised of white liquor containing at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of a polymethylalkylsiloxane; a co- and terpolymer of silicone and a polyhydric alcohol; an alkoxylated aryl phosphate; an alkoxylated branched alkyl phosphate; an alkoxylated branched alcohol; an alkyl polyglycoside, an alkoxylated alkyl polyglycoside; a mixture of alkali metal salts of alkyl aromatic sulfate, a sulfosuccinate and a silicone; and combinations thereof; for a residence time effective to extract resinous components without substantial degradation of cellulose and thereafter heating at least a portion of the resulting mixture and wood chips.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for the preparation of sialyl galactosides. The methods use sialyl transferase cycle in which the reaction conditions are optimized to provide increased yields.

Abstract: Cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations, characterized by an effective content of pharmaceutically and/or cosmetically acceptable glycoglycerolipids.

Abstract: Lipid-containing particles such as iscoms, iscom-matrix or vesicles such as micelles or liposomes that comprise one or more hydrophobic receptor molecules for targeting and antigenic substances, which receptor molecules have been integrated in the particle and are chosen from lipid-containing receptors or receptors that are hydrophobic, which receptor molecules bind to the antigenic substances.

Abstract: Methods for preparing oligonucleotide analogs which have improved nuclease resistance and improved cellular uptake are provided. In preferred embodiments, the methods involve reductive coupling of 3'- and 4'- substituted or 4'- and 3'-substituted nucleosidic synthons.