Abstract: A preparation having increased in vivo tolerability comprising a glycosyl-Y[--C(.dbd.Y)--X--].sub.p --W(R).sub.n --X--C(.dbd.Y)-active compound, sugar or sugar alcohol and, optionally divalent ions, and a pharmaceutically tolerable carrier.

Abstract: The sugar alcohols mentioned as title compounds can be prepared from the corresponding sugar in equimolar amounts by catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen in aqueous solution, the hydrogenation being carried out continuously at an H.sub.2 pressure of 100 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of 20 to 80.degree. C. using fixed-bed support-free molded bodies composed of compacted powders of alloys of the elements of the iron subgroup of group VIIIA of the periodic table with elements of group IVB and VA. The molded bodies have a compressive strength of 20 to 220 N and an internal surface area of 10 to 95 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition (a marrow cell proliferation accelerator, a radioprotective agent, a therapeutic agent for thrombocytopenia) comprising a compound represented by the following formula (A), and to a therapeutic or prophylactic method (a method for accelerating marrow cell proliferation, a method for protecting human against radiation damage, a method for the treatment of thrombocytopenia) characterized in that an effective amount of a compound represented by the following formula (A) is administered to human: ##STR1## wherein R represents ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.2 represents H or OH, X is an integer of 0-26) or --(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3, and R.sub.1 is one of the substituents defined by the following (a) to (d):--CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH.sub.3, (a)--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH.sub.3, (b)--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, (c)and--CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH.sub.3 (d)(wherein Y is an integer of 5-17).

Abstract: Polymerizable saccharide monomers are made by the reaction of a saccharose and a (meth)acrylate. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic and thermoreversible gels and foams are formed upon polymerization of the saccharide monomers. Hydrophilic sucrose monomers are synthesized by reaction of sucrose with an epoxy acrylate. Hydrophobic sucrose monomers are synthesized by reaction of sucrose with methacrylol chloride followed by acetyl chloride. Thermoreversible sucrose monomers are obtained by modifying sucrose with polymerizable substituents prepared from methacryloyl chloride and aminocarboxylic acids. The modified sucrose monomers are copolymerized with hydrophobic poly(alkyleneoxide) (meth)acrylates to produce hydrogels exhibiting inverse thermoreversible properties. The thermosensitive hydrogels are biodegradable and can be used in the area of controlled drug delivery.

Abstract: Novel polysaccharide compounds are disclosed for decorating biomolecular surfaces to increase isotropic size and mask antigenicity. The oligosaccharides may be synthesized as repeating disaccharide units, or may be derived by acid hydrolysis of naturally occurring polysaccharides. Such natural sources include chondroitins obtained from shark cartilage, or hyaluronic acid. The polyanionic sulfate groups contained in the sugar moieties impart negative charges which repel the molecules from the negatively charged wall of capillaries, to lengthen retention times of decorated drug molecules, such as crosslinked hemoglobin, in the peripheral circulation.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the regulation of plant physiology, in particular to methods for inhibiting the ethylene response in plants or plant products, and has three embodiments. The first embodiment relates to methods of minimizing impurities capable of reversibly binding to plant ethylene receptor sites during the synthesis of cyclopropene and its derivatives such as methylcyclopropene, thereby avoiding the negative effects these impurities have on plants treated with cyclopropene and its derivatives. The second embodiment relates to complexes formed from molecular encapsulation agents such as cyclodextrin, and cyclopropene and its derivatives such as methylcyclopropene, in addition to cyclopentadiene and diazocyclopentadiene and their derivatives, thereby providing a convenient means for storing and transporting these compounds capable of inhibiting the ethylene response in plants, which are reactive gases and highly unstable because of oxidation and other potential reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel solid support matrices having a toxin-binding oligosaccharide covalently attached to a solid support through a linking arm which has at least 5 atoms separating the oligosaccharide from the solid support. The disclosed solid support matrices are useful for neutralizing toxins from disease-causing microorganisms.

Abstract: Glycoconjugate antigens are prepared by preparing a hapten glycoside, especially an alpha glycoside prepared by the Fischer method, with an olefinic aglycon moiety, especially one having a non-terminal double bond, ozonolyzing the hapten glycoside with an olefinic aglycon moiety having a non-terminal double bond to form a hapten-glycoside derivative, preferably without producing Germaldehyde as a byproduct removing by-products of ozonolysis, and conjugating the hapten-glycoside derivative to a carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of disaccharides, such as glucosaminyl muramic acids peptides and derivatives. The method includes condensing a protected muramic acid ester with a 1-organothio- or 1-fluoroglucosamine derivative in the presence of a suitable promoter to produce a protected glucosaminyl muramic acid ester. The protected glucosaminyl muramic acid ester may be used to prepare disaccharide peptides, such as N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl dipeptides, which have demonstrated immunological activity. Protected muramic acid esters and 1-organothio- or 1-fluoro-glucosamine compounds which may be employed as intermediates in the method are also provided.

Abstract: An animal feed composition is disclosed which comprises triterpenoid saponin obtained from Camellia L. plants and having the properties of improving immune function, enhancing antibacterium and antivirus activities, antimutation, antioxidation and scavenging free radicals in human beings and animals.

Abstract: The invention relates to inositolglycans having insulin-like action. Specific compounds are provided having the formula IA--Z--R (I)where A is the radical H--P(O)(OH)--, H--P(S)(OH)--, HO--P(S)(OH)--, HS--P(S)(OH)--, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl-P(O)(OH)--, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl-P(S)(OH)--, S(O).sub.2 (OR.sup.1)--, S(O)(OR.sup.1)--, NH.sub.2 --C(O)--, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--C(O)--NH--, R.sup.1 O--SO.sub.2 --NH--, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl-SO.sub.2 --, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl-S(O)-- or R.sup.1 --S--, Z is 2 to 6 substituted or unsubstituted sugar radicals and R is substituted or unsubstituted inositol. The inventive compounds are suitable for the treatment of diabetes mellitus or noninsulin-dependent diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by a bacteria selected from the group consisting of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenza, Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia, and a mixture thereof, comprising a binding inhibiting effective amount of the compound of Formula I, ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is H, (.beta.-1)GalNAc-, SO.sub.3 B (where B is H or a cation) or a sialic acid of Formula II; ##STR2## where R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, and R.sub.10 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6 acyl, lactyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, sulfate, phosphate, anhydro, a sialic acid of Formula II, (.alpha.-1)Fuc, (.beta.-1)Glc or (.beta.-1)Gal;R.sub.9 is NH--C.sub.1-6 acyl, glycolylamido, amino or hydroxyl; andA is H or a cation;R.sub.2 is H or (.alpha.-1)Fuc-;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently OH or NHAc;R.sub.5 is H, SO.sub.

Abstract: Diagnostics and treatments for bacterial infection are disclosed. The treatments prevent bacteria from adhering to host cells by interfering with the binding of the bacteria to cell receptors. Compounds that inhibit bacterial adherence to cells are engineered to be readily modified for best efficacy with different modes of treatment. The compounds can be readily modified for use to identify bacteria according to their cell binding specificities.

Abstract: A chromogenic receptor comprises a self-assembled chromogenic compound having at least one intrinsic binding site. The chromogenic compound is characterized by the property of producing a reversible color change responsive to binding a target substrate to the receptor. The chromogenic compound has a transition metal ion and at least one ligand bound to the transition metal ion. The ligand is selected from the group consisting of substituted phenanthroline, substituted 2,2'-bipyridine and substituted 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine. The transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu(I), Cu(II), Ag(I), Ni(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Ru(II), Co(III), and Os(II). Self-assembly can be effected in the presence of Cu(I) to form receptors for dicarboxylic acids, carbohydrate, amino acids, steroids and pyrophosphates. The receptors are characterized by the formation of a 2:1 complex of the target substrate with the receptor producing a visible color change from orange to red and a measurable change in its luminescence.

Abstract: Fluorescent enzyme substrates are provided. The substrates are derivatives of coumarin having an enzyme cleavable group at position 7 and a hydrophilic amide group at position 4. The compounds are highly water soluble, stable at ambient and reduced temperatures and fluoresce upon cleavage by an enzyme.

Abstract: Disclosed is p-nitrophenyl 2-acetylamino-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-.beta. -D-glucopyranoside of formula (1) and its acid-addition salts. ##STR1## The compound of formula (1) is produced by reacting a p-nitrophenyl derivative of chitin dimer with a microorganism-derived deacetylase. The compound and its salts do not act on exo-type chitinases, and are specific to only endo-type ones.

Abstract: A thermostable trehalose phosphorylase which is obtainable from microorganisms of the genus Thermoanaerobium and which hydrolyzes trehalose in the presence of an inorganic phosphoric acid to form D-glucose and .beta.-D-glucose-1-phosphoric acid. The trehalose phosphorylase can be also prepared by recombinant DNA technology. When the enzyme is allowed to contact with .beta.-D-glucose-1-phosphoric acid as a saccharide donor in the presence of other saccharides, glucosyl-transferred saccharides including glucosyl-D-galactoside, which are conventionally known but scarcely obtainable, can be produced on an industrial-scale and in a relatively-low cost.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for obtaining aroma components and aromas from their glycosidic precursors containing a .beta.-apioside with the use of .beta.-apiosidase.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions for inhibiting the binding between two cells, one expressing P- or L-selectin on the surface and the other expressing the corresponding ligand. A covalently crosslinked lipid composition is prepared having saccharides and acidic group on separate lipids. The composition is then interposed between the cells so as to inhibit binding. Inhibition can be achieved at an effective oligosaccharide concentration as low as 10.sup.6 fold below that of the free saccharide. Since selectins are involved in recruiting cells to sites of injury, these composition scan be used to palliate certain inflammatory and immunological conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is CH or N; B is chosen from OH, NH.sub.2, NHR, H or halogen; D is chosen from OH, NH.sub.2, NHR, H, halogen or SCH.sub.3 ; R is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; and X and Y are independently selected from H, OH or halogen except that when one of X and Y is hydroxy or halogen, the other is hydrogen; and Z is OH or, when X is hydroxy, Z is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, SQ or OQ, Q is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; or a tautomer thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or an ester thereof; or a prodrug thereof. The present invention also provides the use of these compounds as pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and processes for preparing the compounds.

Abstract: An oligomer composed of a carbohydrate head group and an oligomer chain is disclosed. Methods for increasing the oligomerization rates of lactones and cyclic carbonates are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel polysaccharide compounds are disclosed for decorating biomolecular surfaces to increase isotropic size and mask antigenicity. The oligosaccharides may be synthesized as repeating disaccharide units, or may be derived by acid hydrolysis of naturally occurring polysaccharides. Such natural sources include chondroitins obtained from shark cartilage, or hyaluronic acid. The polyanionic sulfate groups contained in the sugar moieties impart negative charges which repel the molecules from the negatively charged wall of capillaries, to lengthen retention times of decorated drug molecules, such as crosslinked hemoglobin, in the peripheral circulation.

Abstract: Novel .alpha.-pyrones are described. The .alpha.-pyrones are useful in a method for controlling .alpha.-pyrone responsive states in a mammal. The method includes administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an .alpha.-pyrone such that control of .alpha.-pyrone responsive states in a mammal occurs. .alpha.-Pyrone responsive states can be associated with undesirable cell proliferation such as bacteria or cancer. Packaged pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions including the novel .alpha.-pyrones are also described.

Abstract: Antibody-mediated xenograft rejection is attenuated by (1) removing preformed antibodies to various identified carbohydrate xenoantigens from the recipient's circulation prior to transplantation by extracorporeal perfusion of the recipient's blood over a biocompatible solid support to which the xenoantigens are bound and/or (2) parenterally administering a xenoantibody-inhibiting amount of an identified xenoantigen to the recipient shortly before graft revascularization and thereafter.

Abstract: A process for separating, in the liquid phase, a reaction mixture which comprises a first chlorinated sucrose and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of at least one other chlorinated sucrose different from said first chlorinated sucrose, salt and solvent, by injecting said reaction mixture onto a fixed bed of solid adsorbent and treating with a desorbent such that:(a) the first chlorinated sucrose passes through the adsorbent into a first recoverable product stream rich in said first chlorinated sucrose at a rate, which is different than the rate at which,(b) at least one of said additional components passes through the adsorbent into at least a second recoverable stream rich in said additional component.

Abstract: Sulfated disaccharides characterized by the ability to inhibit the binding of selectin to its physiologically-relevant ligand are disclosed. Included are efficient and inexpensive methods for producing the sulfated disaccharides, and methods for their therapeutic use and in in vivo and in vitro assays.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel chemical compounds in which a lipophilic moiety such as a lipid, fatty acid, polyethylene glycol or terpene is covalently attached to a non-acylated or desacylated triterpene saponin via a carboxyl group present on the 3-O-glucuronic acid of the triterpene saponin. The attachment of a lipophile moiety to the 3-O-glucuronic acid of a saponin such as Quillaja desacylsaponin, lucyoside P, or saponin from Gypsophila, Saponaria and Acanthophyllum enhances their adjuvant effects on humoral and cell mediated immunity. Additionally, the attachment of a lipophile moiety to the 3-O-glucuronic acid residue of non- or des-acylsaponin yields a saponin analog that is easier to purify, less toxic, chemically more stable, and possesses equal or better adjuvant properties than the original saponin.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain novel 2'-halomethylidene, 2'-ethenylidene and 2'-ethynyl cytidine, uridine and guanosine derivatives, and compositions thereof, which are useful in the treatment of patients afflicted with neoplastic or viral disease states.

Abstract: This invention provides a heterotelechelic oligomer or polymer which is represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A denotes a sugar residue, L denotes a linkage group represented by the following formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently denote lower alkyl, aralkyl or aryl,X denotes a single bond or --CH.sub.2 CH--, Z denotes a group forming an unsaturated ester or ether, or a functional group such as halogen which binds to --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, n denotes an integer of 5-10,000, and m denotes an integer of 0 or 2-10,000.This invention also provides a process to produce the above oligomer or polymer, and further a high molecular-micelle with use of a polyethylene oxide-polyester block polymer which has a sugar residue at its terminal. Said oligomer or polymer is expected to exhibit excellent bioavailability, and is also expected to be utilized in the field such as carriers for drug delivery or diagnostic reagents.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical agent for improvement in pruritus cutaneus associated with renal failure and/or for the treatment of renal failure and/or its complications containing as an effective ingredient oligosaccharide or oligosaccharides such as, but not limited to fructo-oligosaccharide, galacto-oligosaccharide, isomalto-oligosaccharide, malto-oligosaccharide, lacto-sucrose and/or xylo-oligosaccharide, in particular, lactulose, rhamnose and lactitol.

Abstract: Compounds which bind to selectin receptors and thus may modulate the course of inflammation, cancer and related processes by intervening with cell-cell adhesion events. Further, such compounds can be used for identification and analysis of such receptors. In this regard the invention is directed to compounds of formula (I). ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is independently H, alkyl, aryl, an aryl alkyl, alkenyl or one or more additional saccharide residues; R.sup.2 =H or OH provided that when R.sup.2 is H, R.sup.3 is OH; R.sup.3 =H or OH provided that when R.sup.3 is H, R.sup.2 is OH; X=H, SO.sub.3.sup.- or PO.sub.4.sup.- ; Y is independently H, OH, OR.sup.4 or NHCOR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is alkyl, and Z is an organic acid residue. .alpha.-L-Fucose residue can be modified or replaced with suitable bioisosters or a different saccharide residue such as D-mannose. Modification of L-fucose may include replacement of each or all of the hydroxyl groups with H or OR' wherein R' can be methyl, ethyl or allyl groups.

Abstract: Polyribosylribitol phosphate oligosaccharides are produced in a multistep process. The compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a first protecting group and R.sub.2 is a second protecting group, is coupled to a solid polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (PEG) support. Following removal of the first protecting group, the resulting compound is coupled with a repeating unit for chain elongation of the formula: ##STR2## The protecting group is removed from the phosphorus atom and the steps of removing the first protecting group, coupling with the repeating unit is repeated until the desired number of repeating units in the oligomer has been terminated. The oligomer then is terminated with a chain terminating molecule of the formula: ##STR3## wherein m is an integer and R.sub.3 is a third protecting group.

Abstract: Glycolipid mimics which include a rigid hydrophobic moiety are disclosed. Methods of using the glycolipid mimics are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 1-thiogalactose derivatives which inhibit binding of toxins, such as heat-labile enterotoxin or cholera toxin, to their receptors either in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, disclosed are compounds which inhibit binding of organisms (e.g., bacteria, virus, fungi, and the like), such as Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, to their cell surface receptors.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising at least 15% by weight of the compound: 8-C-.beta.-D-[2'-.omicron.-(E)-cinnamoyl]glycopyranosyl-2-[(S)-2-hydroxyl] propyl-7-methoxy-5-methylchromone. This compound, found in very small amounts in leaves of the Aloe Barbadensis plant, when concentrated to the desired level, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for synthesizing very large collections of diverse thiosaccharide derivatives optionally attached to a solid support. Also disclosed are libraries of diverse thiosaccharide derivatives.

Abstract: Chromanylascorbic acid derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is an organic radical having 1 to 12 C atoms, in particular a methyl group,R.sup.2 is an organic radical having 8 to 30 C atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by functional groups, in particular the phytyl 30 radical, andR.sup.3 is the --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 -- radical or a glycosidyl radical,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen, or an alkyl or acyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms, in particular hydrogen, andR.sup.

Abstract: Sialyl Lewis X mimetics incorporating fucopeptides are synthesized and shown to mimic the configuration and essential functional groups of sialyl Lewis X in space. The fucopeptides exhibit substantially the same biological activity as sialyl Lewis X in the E-selectin binding assay and can be employed for blocking neutrophil inflamatory conditions.

Abstract: A process for preparing high detergency or surfactant alkyl polyglycoside compositions and a purified alkyl monoglycoside and to compositions employing the polyglycosides for various end use applications. The process involves removal of a substantial portion of the monoglycoside present in a reaction product mixture containing alkyl polyglycosides resulting from the reaction of an alcohol and saccharide at elevated temperatures in the presence of an acid catalyst. Separation of the monoglycoside from the reaction product mixture may be carried out by molecular distillation.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a carbohydrate or a glycoconjugate without forming any hydrolytic product of the remodeled sugar chain.A process for producing a carbohydrate or a glycoconjugate by a remodeling reaction in the presence of a glycosidase which performs the remodeling reaction in an aqueous medium containing a water-soluble ketone and/or dioxane. Examples of the glycosidase include endoglycosidases such as Endo-A. Examples of the ketone include acetone.

Abstract: Glycosyl-spacer-drugs compounds (prodrugs), their preparation and their use as pharmaceuticals are described.

Abstract: Solutions and methods are disclosed for the effective, simple isolation/extraction of DNA, RNA and proteins from a single biological material sample, such as cells, tissues and biological fluids. The preferred solutions include effective amounts of a chaotropic agent(s), buffer, reducing agent, and may or may not include an organic solvent. Genomic DNA and total RNA can be isolated utilizing the solutions and methods of the invention in as little as 20 minutes, and proteins in as little as 30 minutes.

Abstract: The compound 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-erythro-pentofuranos-1-ulose-3,5-dibenzoate is described and claimed.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluoroalkyl derivatives of uronic acids of the formula: ##STR1## and the corresponding lactones, as well as a process for the preparation of the said compounds, which comprises reacting a glycosiduronic acid or a glycosiduronolactone with an alcohol of formula R.sub.1 OH, which process may also include steps of basiciation and acidification. The compounds according to the invention may be used in particular as surfactants.

Abstract: A process for thickening a water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion involving adding to the emulsion a thickening agent consisting of an alkyl or alkenyl oligoglucoside ester formed by esterifying an alkyl or alkenyl oligoglycoside corresponding to formula I:R.sup.1 O--?G!.sub.p (I)wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl oligoglucoside containing from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing from 5 to 6 carbon atoms, and p is a number having a value of from 1 to about 10, with a fatty acid corresponding to formula II:R.sup.2 CO--OH (II)wherein R.sup.2 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical containing from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, and up to about 3 double bonds.

Abstract: Synthesis of an amino-disaccharide, amino-oligosaccharide or a derivative thereof, characterized in that a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, a glycoside or a derivative thereof, in the presence of a glycosidase as catalyst, is reacted with an amino-deoxy-saccharide or a derivative thereof, and that the amino-saccharide is isolated from the product mixture directly or after chemical/enzymatic modification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the novel .alpha.-galactosylceramide represented by the formula (A): ##STR1## wherein R represents ##STR2## where R.sub.2 represents H or OH and X denotes an integer of 0-26, or R represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3 and R.sub.1 represents any one of the substituents defined by the following (a)-(e):(a) --CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH.sub.3,(b) --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH.sub.3,(c) --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2,(d) --CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH.sub.3, and(e) --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.Y CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3,wherein Y denotes an integer of 5-17.The present invention also relates to an anti-tumor agent and an immunostimulator comprising one or more of the aforementioned compounds as effective ingredients.

Abstract: A process for producing a stable triggerable dioxetane comprising;(a) reacting a vinyl sulfide compound containing a sulfur-substituent SR.sub.4, wherein R.sub.4 is an organic group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally heteroatoms, with oxygen and light in the presence of a photosensitizer to form an intermediate sulfur-substituted dioxetane compound; and(b) reacting the sulfur-substituted dioxetane compound with an electrophilic compound E--Y and a hydroxylic compound R.sub.5 OH selected from the group consisting of alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids or their salts and containing an OR.sub.5 group to replace the SR.sub.4 group of the dioxetane with the OR.sub.5 group.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 1-galactose derivatives which inhibit binding of toxins, such as heat-labile enterotoxin or cholera toxin, to their receptors either in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, disclosed are compounds which inhibit binding of enterovirulent organisms (e.g., bacteria, virus, fungi, and the like), such as Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, to their cell surface receptors.

Abstract: This invention relates to glucopyranose compounds of formula (I) and (IA) ##STR1## and the non-toxic salts thereof wherein the substituents are as defined herein. Such materials possess enhancing activity of cellular immunity (e.g. mitogenic activity) to living tissue and therefore are useful as anti-tumor agents.