Abstract: A process for concentrating light by means of fluorescent compounds of the formula ##STR1## where the R.sup.1 's independently of one another are ortho-substituted aromatic or heterocyclic radicals which do not contain groups which confer solubility in water, and novel perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimides of the formula I, where R.sup.1 is ##STR2## A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 being hydrogen, or one of A.sup.1 or A.sup.2 being isopropyl and the other being hydrogen.The compounds I are very lightfast and convert incident light into fluorescent light with high efficiency.

Abstract: Dye intermediates of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methoxy, ethoxy, chlorine or bromine, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are dimethylene, trimethylene or tetramethylene, which are unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cyano-, chlorine-, methoxy- or ethoxy-substituted alkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 7 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms or trimethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 methyl and is bonded to the carbon atom in the 6-position or 6'-position of the benzene ring, R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pigmentary forms of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide, wherein the diimide is converted to the leuco compound and the latter is oxidized in aqueous suspension, either with exposure to shearing forces in the presence of surfactants, or in the absence of shearing forces and in the presence of non-ionic surfactants, or of mixtures of non-ionic and anionic surfactants.The perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide pigments give deep, brilliant and transparent full-shade colorations. In white reductions, they give distinctly reddish colorations.

Abstract: The invention relates to the new antibiotic Lysolipin including two components X and I, and derivatives thereof. Lysolipin is formed when the strain Streptomyces violaceoniger (Waksman et Curtis) Waksman et Henrici Tu 96, which strain has been deposited under the reference NRRL 8097 at the Northern Regional Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, is cultured in a nutrient medium. The structural formulae of the 2 components are ##STR1## Lysolipin I and X and their derivatives have antibacterial activity and are effective against yeast - like fungi, such as Candida albicans. Their antibiotic action probably depends on an inhibition of the cell wall synthesis.

Abstract: A process for converting a crude, coarsely crystalline perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide of the formula ##STR1## where A is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, an unsaturated 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which contains one or two nitrogen atoms and may be fused to a benzene nucleus, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -alkyl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl or C-acylamino, to a pigmentary form, wherein the crude pigment, in aqueous suspension, is comminuted in a high-speed mill in the absence of a surfactant.The pigments obtained give pure shade colorations of high to extremely high hiding power, and have a high tinctorial strength in white reductions.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride pigments having improved dispersibility, which comprises adding at least one primary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms to an aqueous alkaline solution of an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of perylenetetracarboxylic acid, acidifying the reaction mixture, whereupon the free perylenetetracarboxylic acid precipitates and is then converted by heating the reaction mixture into the dianhydride, which is isolated in the conventional manner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a high-hiding, deeply colored pigmentary form of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bis-(4'-ethoxyphenyl)-imide by heating the finely divided crude pigment, which is in the form of agglomerates, formed from primary particles of length 0.15 .mu.m or less, in cyclohexanone or a mixture of cyclohexanone and water at from 30.degree. to 200.degree. C., and isolating the pigment.

Abstract: A new pigmentary form of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide of the formula ##STR1## which has a specific surface area (measured by the BET method) of from 5 to 20 m.sup.2 /g and a maximum in the particle size distribution at from 0.2 to 1.mu. in length and from 0.1 to 0.4.mu. in width, the mean ratio of length to width being from 4:1 to 1:1, and the proportion of particles between these size limits being at least 50% of the total distribution. The pure shade of the new pigmentary from gives strongly yellowish red colorations which are very pure and very bright. The new pigment also has a good hiding power, which is from 2 to 3 times as great as that of the pigments of the prior art.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of transparent pigmentary forms, of high tinctorial strength, of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bis-p-phenetidide and bis-p-chloroanilide, in which the diimide concerned is converted to the leuco compound, and the latter, with or without prior isolation, is then oxidized in aqueous suspension in the presence of surfactants or while exposed to shearing forces in the presence or absence of surfactants, after which the pigment is isolated.The pigments give highly transparent very pure colorations when used unreduced, while in white reductions they give very deep colorations with substantially more yellowish hues than those given by the prior art pigments.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a red pigment from perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid N,N'-bis-methylimide which has been obtained by methylating the corresponding diimide or by fusing naphthalic acid N-methylimide with an alkali metal hydroxide which comprises vatting a suspension of N,N'-bis-methylimide dye with 0.5-1.5 times by weight of an alkali metal dithionite in the presence of up to 4 times by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide relative to the quantity of the dithionite, at a temperature of from room temperature to 100.degree. C., to obtain the corresponding leuco compound, cooling the resulting solution to 20.degree.-40.degree. C., isolating and washing the leuco compound with fresh vatting solution until the solution is virtually colorless and clean and then oxidizing the leuco compound.

Abstract: N,N'-dimethyl-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide is obtained as a valuable pigment of a pure red shade, by reacting perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid anhydride at low temperatures with a dilute aqueous solution of at least the four-fold molar amount of methylamine. The so-obtained bis-ammonium salt of the bis-N-methyl amide is then heated without isolation to effect ring closure while splitting off two mols of water and two mols of methyl amine. The product can be used without any finish operation or can be after-treated to yield a pigment of an exceptionally high transparency or of a good hiding power.

Abstract: Process for dyeing linear polyesters in the melt in brilliant deeply colored and highly light-fast dyeings, which process comprises using as dyeing agent a mixture consisting of 0.001-0.2% by weight, relative to the amount of polyester, of a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid derivative, and one or more dyes which differ from this derivative and which are soluble in polymers.