Abstract: The invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with the activity of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1).

Abstract: There is provided a series of substituted isophthalates of formula (I) or a stereoisomer thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein W, R3, R5 and R6 as defined herein, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use. These novel compounds inhibit the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by ?-secretase and, more specifically, inhibit the production of A?-peptide. The present disclosure is directed to compounds useful in the treatment of neurological disorders related to ?-amyloid production, such as Alzheimer's disease and other conditions affected by anti-amyloid activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A compound comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof is disclosed herein. Y, A, and B are as described herein. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related to these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of Formula I: (I) having 11beta-HSD type 1 antagonist activity, as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, as well as the use of the Formula I and compositions as medicaments to treat diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Syndrome X, and other conditions associated with hyperglycemia.

Abstract: This invention is directed to stereoselective synthesis of compounds of formula (I) or formula (II): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, clathrate, solvate, polymorph, stereoisomer, metabolite or prodrug thereof; wherein R3, R4 and R5 are defined herein. Compounds of formula (I) and formula (II) are known to be useful in treating arrhythmias.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds, compositions, methods, and medicaments related thereto are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of Formula I: (I) having 11beta-HSD type 1 antagonist activity, as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, as well as the use of the Formula I and compositions as medicaments to treat diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Syndrome X, and other conditions associated with hyperglycemia.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 2A6, 2A13, and/or 2B6 and tobacco products comprising them. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidin-2-ones according to the formula (1), or salts thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of NEP-inhibitors, particularly in the preparation of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I). These compounds are a novel type of peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitors, and are therefore of great interest especially as new antibiotics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds that may be used as agonists of prostaglandin receptors. More specifically, the specification describes methods and compositions for making and using DP1 receptor agonists that are pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives.

Abstract: Selective PDE4 inhibition is achieved by 4-(substituted-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidinone compounds. The compounds exhibit improved PDE4 inhibition as compared to compounds like rolipram and show selectivity with regard to inhibition of other classes of PDEs. The compounds of the present invention are of formula I: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Provision of a compound having a superior androgen receptor regulating action.

Abstract: the N-oxide forms, the pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein n is 1 or 2; M represents a direct bond or a C1-3alkyl linker optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyloxy-C1-4alkyl-, hydroxy-C1-4alkyl-, hydroxy, C1-3alkyloxy- or phenyl-C1-4alkyl-; R1 and R2 each independently represent hydrogen, halo, cyano, hydroxy, C1-4alkyl optionally substituted with halo, C1-4alkyloxy-optionally substituted with one or where possible two or three substituents selected from hydroxy, Ar1 and halo; R3 represents hydrogen, halo, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy-, cyano or hydroxy; R4 represents hydrogen, halo, C1-4alkyl, hydroxy, cyano or C1-4alkyloxy-optionally substituted with one or where possible two or three substituents selected from hydroxy and halo; R5 represents hydrogen, C1-4alkyl or Ar2—C1-4alkyl-; R6 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, C1-4alkyl or C1-4alkyoxy-; R7 represents hydrogen or R7 and R5 taken togeth

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel naphthalenyloxypropenyl derivatives useful for inhibiting the enzyme activity of histone deacetylase, leading effective suppression of cancer cell proliferation.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-alkenyl compounds by reacting the corresponding NH compounds with alkynes in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one stabilizer, and the use of stabilizers for increasing the selectivity in a process for preparing N-alkenyl compounds by reacting the corresponding NH compounds with alkynes in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I and a compound of formula II, methods of use and formulations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for creating a Carbon-Carbon bond (C—C) or a Carbon-Heteroatom bond (C—HE) by reacting a compound carrying a leaving group with a nucleophilic compound carrying a carbon atom or a heteroatom (HE) that can substitute for the leaving group, creating a C—C or C—HE bond, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an effective quantity of a catalytic system comprising iron and copper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optically enriched or substantially optically pure 4-substituted-pyrrolidin-2-ones of formula (III), and their uses for the synthesis of 2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of matter that are useful as ionic liquids. The compositions of the invention are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone, said pyrrolidinone having a pendant ammonium cation that is separated from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length alkyl spacer. The compositions comprise fluoroalkyl sulfonate anions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor comprising a compound represented by the formula (1): wherein each symbol is as defined in the description, or a salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof. The 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor of the present invention has a superior activity, and is useful as a pharmaceutical agent such as agents for the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension and the like, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel compounds of Formula I: having 11?-HSD type 1 antagonist activity, as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, as well as methods of using the compounds and compositions to treat diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions associated with 11?-HSD type 1 activity.

Abstract: Selective PDE4 inhibition is achieved by novel compounds, e.g., 4-(substituted-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidinone compounds. The compounds of the present invention are of formula I: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein. The disclosure also relates to methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides caspase inhibitors of formula I: wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur; R1 is hydrogen, —CHN2, R, CH2OR, CH2SR, or —CH2Y; between R3 and R4 represents a single or double bond; Y is an electronegative leaving group; R2 is CO2H, CH2CO2H, or esters, amides or isosteres thereof; R3 is a group capable of fitting into the S2 subsite of a caspase enzyme; R4 is a hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl or R3 and R4 taken together form a ring; Ring A and Ring B are each heterocyclic rings, and R and R5 are as described in the specification. The compounds are effective inhibitors of apoptosis and IL-1? secretion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of (S)-(?)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide and analogues thereof. The invention also relates to compounds of the general formula (6) wherein R1 is methyl or ethyl; and R2 is C?2#191 -C?4#191 alkyl, C?2#191-C?4#191 alkenyl or C?2#191-C?4#191 alkynyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen, and their preparation processes.

Abstract: Selective PDE4 inhibition is achieved by 4-(substituted-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidinone compounds. The compounds exhibit improved PDE4 inhibition as compared to compounds like rolipram and show selectivity with regard to inhibition of other classes of PDEs. The compounds of the present invention are of formula I: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: A compound comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof is disclosed herein. Y, A, and B are as described herein. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related to these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound having a structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof. Therapeutic methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for making amino acid amides, comprising reacting an amino acid, or acid salt of an amino acid, with a halogenating agent, or with a substance that reacts with carboxylic acids to form a leaving group, to form an intermediate, then reacting the intermediate with ammonia. When the amino acid or acid salt is enantiomerically pure, the amide will be a stereoisomer. An amide made by the process can be used to form levetiracetam.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel compounds of Formula I: having 11?-HSD type 1 antagonist activity, as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, as well as methods of using the compounds and compositions to treat diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions associated with 11?-HSD type 1 activity.

Abstract: High-purity NVP can be produced by comprising at least two crystallization processes and supplying the mother liquor from the first crystallization process to the second crystallization process. Further, high-purity NVP can be obtained continuously and stably without plugging caused by depositing of crystals on the heat transfer surface of a crystallizer by controlling the water content in a feed NVP solution at the inlet of the crystallizer so as to be not lower than 0.7% by weight and not higher than 10% by weight.

Abstract: A process for producing the compound (1?benzyl-2-oxo-[1,3?]-(R)-bipyrrolidinyl-3-(R,S)-yl)-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide which is an intermediate for antibacterial vinylpyrrolidinone-cephalosporin derivatives.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a chiral transition metal-(1,2-bis(2,5-dialkylphospholano) complex immobilized on a specific zeolitic support useful for the hydrogenation of prochiral substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing enantiomerically pure 4-pyrrolidinophenylbenzyl ether derivatives of formula I: wherein R1, R21, R22, R23, R24 and n are as defined in the description and claims and to intermediates useful in the method of the invention as well as salts thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound having a structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof. Therapeutic methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing enantiomerically pure 4-pyrrolidinophenylbenzyl ether derivatives of formula I: wherein R1, R21, R22, R23, R24 and n are as defined the description and claims and to intermediates and salts thereof useful in the method of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound having a structure Therapeutic methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: A compound comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or a metabolite thereof is disclosed herein. Y, A, and B are as described herein. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related to these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel optically active ?1-pyrrolines of the formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R4, and m are each as defined in the description, a plurality of the processes for preparing these substances and their use for controlling pests.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-alkenyl compounds by reacting the corresponding NH compounds with alkynes in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one stabilizer, and the use of stabilizers for increasing the selectivity in a process for preparing N-alkenyl compounds by reacting the corresponding NH compounds with alkynes in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for reducing the emetogenic effects of PDE inhibitors, and more particularly is directed to compounds having PDE4 inhibition activity with little or no emetogenic side-effects, and chemical methods including benzylation for preparing such compounds. A benzyl group may be attached to either a carbon or nitrogen atom of a PDE4 inhibitor. Suitable benzylation chemistry is to extract a hydrogen from a PDE4 inhibitor, preferably with a base, and then react the resulting nucleophilic PDE4 inhibitor with a benzylating agent, e.g., benzyl bromide or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phenyl-substituted pyrrolidones and compounds related to phenyl-substituted pyrrolidones. One use of these compounds is for the inhibition of viruses, e.g., HIV. The invention further relates to methods of malting these compounds, methods of identifying the efficacy of these compounds, and methods of using these compounds to inhibit or prevent HIV infection and related disease states such as AIDS.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for reducing the emetogenic effects of PDE inhibitors, and more particularly is directed to compounds having PDE4 inhibition activity with little or no emetogenic side-effects, and chemical methods including benzylation for preparing such compounds. A benzyl group may be attached to either a carbon or nitrogen atom of a PDE4 inhibitor. Suitable benzylation chemistry is to extract a hydrogen from a PDE4 inhibitor, preferably with a base, and then react the resulting nucleophilic PDE4 inhibitor with a benzylating agent, e.g., benzyl bromide or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of Formula I: (I) having 11beta-HSD type 1 antagonist activity, as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, as well as the use of the Fomula I and compositions as medicaments to treat diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Syndrome X, and other conditions associated with hyperglycemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibition of viruses, e.g., HIV using pyrrolidones and compounds related to pyrrolidones. The invention further relates to methods for identifying and using agents, including small molecule chemical compositions that inhibit HIV in a cell; as well as to methods of prophylaxis, and therapy related to HIV infection and related disease states such as AIDS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising an effective amount of an active compound combination comprising (a) at least one substituted cyclic ketoenol of the formula (I) in which X, Z, W and Y and the group CKE are as defined in the disclosure, and (b) at least one compound which improves crop plant compatibility selected from the group of compounds listed in the description, particularly cloquintocet-mexyl and mefenpyr-diethyl. The invention further relates to the use of these compositions as herbicides and to a method for controlling undesirable vegetation using these compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula I that are useful as potent and selective inhibitors of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. In addition, the present invention compositions containing these compounds for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hyperglycemia obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, other symptoms associated with hyperglycemia, and related disorders. Formula I wherein G1 is methylene or ethylene; L is —(C1-C4)alkylene-, —S—, —CH(OH)—, or —O—; R0 is Formula II or Formula III and the other substituents are as defined in the claims.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of lauryllactam in which a Beckmann rearrangement of cyclododecanone oxime is carried out. Said process is carried out in the gas phase at a temperature of between 180 and 450° C. in the presence of a microporous material having a three-dimensional inorganic main structure composed of tetrahedra connected via a common edge, called zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I). These compounds are a novel type of peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitors, and are therefore of great interest especially as new antibiotics.