Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing ?-caprolactone in a purity of more than 99% by cyclizing 6-hydroxycaproic esters in the liquid phase at from 150 to 400° C. and from 1 to 1020 hPa abs., and removing and condensing the compounds which are volatile under cyclization conditions, which comprises thermally treating the remaining bottom product of the cyclization in at least one further reactor, removing and condensing volatile compounds and obtaining ?-caprolactone by distillation from the condensates.

Abstract: The present invention refers to methyl-substituted double-unsaturated macrocyclic lactones comprising 14 to 17 ring atoms of formula (I) wherein n and m are independently selected from 1, 2, 3 and 4 with the proviso that 3?n+m?6. The invention relates furthermore to their use as odorant and fragrance composition comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing ?-caprolactone in a purity above 99%, in which 6-hydroxycaproic ester comprising from 0.5 to 40% by weight of adipic diester is cyclized in the gas phase at from 150 to 450° C. in the presence of oxidic catalysts and ?-caprolactone is obtained from the cyclization product by distillation.

Abstract: This invention relates to olefin metathesis catalysts general formula (I): having a thiazol-2-ylidene ligand of general formula (II): The catalysts have been found to be particularly good initiators of (a) ring-closing metathesis reactions used to prepare tetra-substituted cyclic olefins, and (b) cross-metathesis reactions used to prepare tri-substituted and di-substituted olefins.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to cationic divalent metal catalysts useful for the polymerization of cyclic esters, methods for their preparation and uses thereof.

Abstract: Cyclic esters are polymerized in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Group 4 transition metal hydride. The method is capable of producing high molecular weight polyesters with low polydispersities. These high molecular weight polyesters exhibit improved mechanical properties and are useful in a variety of product applications.

Abstract: Processes for isolating, formulating, and shaping macrocyclic oligoesters were developed which allow efficient production of macrocyclic oligoesters substantially free from solvent, which may include additives, fillers, and catalysts.

Abstract: A stain inhibitor, which acts to neutralise the alkali leached to the surface of a sheet of glass in the presence of water, is disclosed. The stain inhibitor comprises a compound that reacts with the water to produce an acid. The acid acts to neutralise the alkali leached to the surface of the glass. Preferably, the compound hydrolyses to produce the acid, and is an ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new Macrocycles of formula (I) and their use for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: A method of determining a level of biologically active PON enzyme is provided. The method comprising determining lactonase activity of the PON enzyme, the lactonase activity being indicative of the level of biologically active PON enzyme. Also provided are novel compounds which may be used for measuring a lactonase activity of an enzyme.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing saturated or unsaturated lactones. This process involves reacting a bicyclic compound or a monocyclic compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a first acid having a pKa of 3 or less and a first organic solvent, thereby forming a hydroperoxide. The obtained mixture comprising the hydroperoxide is subsequently metered to a mixture of a second organic solvent and a dissociation-enhancing catalyst, optionally comprising a second organic acid. The invention also pertains to a process of preparing the hydroperoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): (wherein, R3, R6, R7 and R21 are the same as or different from one another and each represents a hydroxyl group etc.), a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate of them. The compound (I) of the present invention suppresses angiogenesis, in particular, suppresses VEGF production in a hypoxic condition and is useful as a therapeutic agent for treating solid cancer.

Abstract: A compound having a structure according to formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein, are useful as kinase inhibitors.

Abstract: Among the compounds represented by the general formula (1), (in the formula, n is an integer of 7 to 13) in particular, 11-methyl-13-tridecanolide of which n=8, 12-methyl-14-tetradecanolide of which n=9, and 13-methyl-15-pentadecanolide of which n=10 are novel compounds which have not been reported in prior art and the evaluation of the compounds for fragrance characteristics revealed that the compounds are macrocyclic lactone musks having not only strong fragrance of musk excellent in persistency but also fragrance characteristics like nitro musks. Furthermore, in the present invention, by containing at least one of those novel compounds, perfume compositions or perfume products having distinctive fragrance characteristics are obtained. The invention also provides a novel process for the production of compounds represented by the general formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to new Macro-cycles of Formula (I), and their use for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): (wherein, R3, R6, R7 and R21 are the same as or different from one another and each represents a hydroxyl group etc.), a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate of them. The compound (I) of the present invention suppresses angiogenesis, in particular, suppresses VEGF production in a hypoxic condition and is useful as a therapeutic agent for treating solid cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the ether lactone of formula (I) which is characterized by interesting and original odor characteristics, which diffuses extremely well and is suitable for use as a fragrance, for example in cosmetic preparations, technical products or in alcoholic perfumery.

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed, wherein n is 1 or 2; m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; q is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; R1 is alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from: halo, hydroxy, alkyl having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, perfluoromethyl, alkoxy having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and perfluoromethoxy; or cycloalkyl having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or one or two ring carbons are independently mono-substituted by methyl or ethyl; or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring having 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and the heteroaromatic ring is covalently bound to the remainder of the compound of formula (

Abstract: Cyclic esters are polymerized in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Group 4 transition metal hydride. The method is capable of producing high molecular weight polyesters with low polydispersities. These high molecular weight polyesters exhibit improved mechanical properties and are useful in a variety of product applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dispersants for dispersing a particulate solid for millbases, paints and inks. The present invention provides a composition containing a particulate solid, a polar organic medium and a compound or salts thereof for formula T-(A)m(B)n—X-Z-Q(0-p) wherein T is hydrogen or a polymerisation terminating group; A is the residue of a hydroxy carboxylic acid or lactone thereof; B is the residue of an amino carboxylic acid; X is a direct bond or a divalent group; Z is an acidic or basic group or a moiety which contains an acidic or basic group; Q is an optional residue of an oxide, urea or a dibasic acid or anhydride thereof; m and n are positive integers; and p represents the number of residual amino and/or imino groups in Z.

Abstract: Alpha-methylenelactone is produced from butyrolactone and valerolactone by the addition of formaldehyde in a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for the preparation of 11(12)-pentadecen-15-olides.

Abstract: A compound of the following structure: wherein R1 is H, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a halogen atom; R2 is H, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a benzyl group, a trityl group, —SiRaRbRc, CH2ORd, or CORe; Ra, Rb and Rc are independently an alkyl group or an aryl group; Rd is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxylalkyl group, —RiSiRaRbRc or a benzyl group, wherein Ri is an alkylene group; Re is an alkyl group, an allyl group, a benzyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or —NRgRh, wherein Rg and Rh are independently H, an alkyl group or an aryl group; R3 is (CH2)n where n is and integer in the range of 0 to 5, —CH2CH(CH3)—, —CH?CH—, —CH?C(CH3)—, or —C?C—; R4 is (CH2)p where p is an integer in the range of 4 to 12, —(CHRk1)y1(CHRk2)y2(CHRk3)y3(CHRk4)y4(CHRk5)y5C(Rs1)?C(Rs2)C(Rs3)?C(Rs4)—, —(CHRk1)y1(CHRk2)y2(CHRk3)y3(CHRk4)y4(CHRk5)y5CH(Rs1) CH(Rs2)C(Rs3)?C(Rs4)—, —(CHRk1)y1(CHRk2)y2(CHRk3)y3(CHRk4)y4(CHRk5)y5C(Rs1)?C(Rs2)CH(Rs3)CH(Rs4)—, —(CHRk1)y1(CHRk2)y2(CHR

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel monomer compound having a lactone structure which gives polymers having more excellent feature as resist material, etc. The present invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula [1]: wherein R1 and R2 are an alkyl group; R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R5 is hydrogen atom, acryloyl group or methacryloyl group; and X is a methylene group which may have an alkyl group or an ethylene group which may have an alkyl group. The present invention provides a compound having a lactone structure which gives a polymer having more excellent feature particularly as a resist material and also provides a hydroxy lactone being useful as a material, etc. therefor.

Abstract: A polymeric compound for photoresist of the invention includes at least one monomer unit represented by following Formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; m, p and q each denote an integer of from 0 to 2; and n denotes 0 or 1, where the hydroxyl group and carbonyloxy group extending from a principle chain in the formula are independently combined with either of two carbon atoms on the far-left portion of the rings. By using the polymeric compound for photoresist as a base of a photoresist, the resulting photoresist exhibits well-rounded adhesion to substrates and resistance to etching.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 1-hydroperoxy-16-oxabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane (DDP-OOH), wherein 13-oxabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadec-1(12)-ene (DDP) and hydrogen peroxide are reacted in a diluent in the presence of a strong acid, the diluent has a pKa value of greater than or equal to 4.5 and the strong acid has a pKa value of less than or equal to 1.5, wherein after the reaction has taken place, the strong acid is neutralized with at least 0.9 molar equivalent of a base.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing 5-methyl-N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone by a) reacting ?-angelica lactone with alkyl amines and b) hydrogenating the products of step (a) in the presence of a metal catalyst, which is optionally supported.

Abstract: The present invention provides cyclic 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl prodrugs of GABA analogs, methods of making cyclic 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl prodrugs of GABA analogs and compositions of cyclic 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl prodrugs of GABA analogs. The present invention also provides methods of using cyclic 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl prodrugs of GABA analogs and compositions of cyclic 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl prodrugs of GABA analogs.

Abstract: Compounds expressed by the following general formula (1), [wherein, R01 and R02 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a protecting group for a hydroxyl group; Z is one out of the following formulae (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), (1-4) and (1-5)]. The compounds can be used as active ingredients of treating agents for inflammatory respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alopecia, acne, psoriasis, dermatitis, hypercalcemia, hypoparathyroidism and metabolic disorder of cartilage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation reaction catalyzed by a reaction controlled phase-transfer catalyst having the general formula of [R1R2R3R4N]xHy[A] or QmMO3(L). The catalysts themselves are not soluble in the reaction medium, but can form an active species that is soluble in the reaction medium under the action of one of the reactants. The active species can in turn react selectively with another reactant. When one of the reactants is completely consumed, the catalyst will separated out from the reacting system and can be recovered by means of simple separation method. The recovered catalyst can be recycled with comparable efficiency as that of the original catalyst. The separation of said catalyst is similar to that of heterogeneous catalyst while said catalyst will completely exhibit the characteristics of homogeneous catalyst during the reaction.

Abstract: Macrolide compounds produced by synthetic modification of factors produced by NRRL 30141 have insecticidal and acaricidal activity and are useful intermediates for preparing additional insecticidal and acaricidal compounds

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 15-pentadecanolide by hydrogenating 15-pentadecenolide and to its use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of bicyclic 1,3-diketone salts of formula I wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently of the others hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; A and E are each independently of the other C1-C2alkylene, which may be substituted once or up to four times by a C1-C4alkyl group, and M+is an alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion or ammonium ion, by oxidation of a compound of formula II to a compound of formula III and subsequent conversion to a compound of formula I either in the presence of a base and a catalytic amount of a cyanide or in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate or alkaline earth metal alcoholate, and to novel bicyclic enol lactone intermediates of formula III for use in that process.

Abstract: A compound of the following structure: 1

Abstract: Chemically amplified resist is produced on the basis of vinyl polymer having 3-oxo-4-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-yl group expressed by general formula (1) where each of L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and alkyl groups having the carbon number from 1 to 8, and the hydrogen atom and/or the alkyl group at L5 and L6 are replaced with alkylene groups having the carbon number from 1 to 10 and bonded to each other for forming a ring so that the resist exhibits high transparency to light equal to or less than 220 nm wavelength, large resistance against dry etching and good adhesion to substrates.

Abstract: Heterocyclic aromatic amides (HAA) according to Formula I: wherein X1-X4, M, Z, and A are herein defined. The invention also encompasses hydrates, salts and complexes thereof. These compounds are useful as antifungal agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, polyketide macrolides including a polyketide macrolide of the structure wherein R1-R5 are the same or different and each is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, R6, a C(O)R7, a C(S)R7, a C(O)NHR7, and a C(S)NHR7, each occurrence of R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-C6 alkyl, a C5-C12 aryl, and a sugar, each occurrence of R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl, and a C5-C12 aryl, and wherein R1 and R2, R2 and R3, and/or R4 and R5 can be taken together to form a ketal ring. Also provided are asceptic mixtures of polyketide macrolides isolated from M.

Abstract: Alpha-methylenelactones are produced from butyrolactone and valerolactone by the addition of formaldehyde in a supercritical fluid in the presence of a catalyst and a phase transfer agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing epothilone A and B, desoxyepothilones A and B, and analogues thereof, useful in the treatment of cancer and cancer which has developed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Also provided are intermediates useful for preparing said epothilones.

Abstract: A safe and effective process for the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone via the reaction of said alcohol with an anhydride solution of a 1,1,1-tri(C2-C4 alkanoyloxy-1,1 -dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one, and a composition useful in this process.

Abstract: A lactam-aldehyde compound represented by the formula (I) shown in the specification. The lactam-aldehyde compound may be prepared by subjecting a lactone-imine compound represented by formula (III) shown in the specification to an isomerization reaction. The precursor lactone-imine compound may be prepared by rearrangement of a 3,5-dioxa-12-azawurtzitane compound.

Abstract: Chemically amplified resist is produced on the basis of vinyl polymer having 3-oxo-4-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]otane-2-yl group expressed by general formula (1) where each of L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and alkyl groups having the carbon number from 1 to 8, and the hydrogen atom and/or the alkyl group at L5 and L6 are replaced with alkylene groups having the carbon number from 1 to 10 and bonded to each other for forming a ring so that the resist exhibits high transparency to light equal to or less than 220 nm wavelength, large resistance against dry etching and good adhesion to substrates.

Abstract: Compounds which induce degradation of mRNA which contains one or more mRNA instability sequences are provided for use as pharmaceuticals, e.g. for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases and medical conditions in general having an etiology associated with the increased or prolonged stability of mRNAs which contain one or more mRNA instability sequences, and which on prolonged or inappropriate expression typically give rise to undesirable effects, e.g. cancer cell growth or an unwanted inflammatory response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds with protected hydroxy groups of formula (I) These compounds are precursors for organoleptic agents, such as fragrances, and masking agents and for antimicrobial agents. When activated, the compounds of formula (I) are cleaved and form one or more organoleptic and/or antimicrobial compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I): 1

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for the production of a macrocyclic lactone represented by a formula (2), which comprises subjecting a hydroxycarboxylic acid ester represented by a formula (1) to intramolecular esterification reaction. In the formulae (1) and (2), m is an integer of from 5 to 10, n is an integer wherein m+n becomes from 11 to 16, X represents —CH2—, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S— or —NH—, and R represents a hydrocarbon group having from (m+n+2) to 40 carbon atoms or a group represented by —(AO)pR1 wherein AO represents an alkyleneoxy group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, p is average addition mole number of alkylene oxide and R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having a specified number of carbon atoms so that the total number of carbon atoms of the —(AO)pR1 group becomes from (m+n+2) to 40.

Abstract: Genetic engineering of the erythromycin polyketide synthase genes to effect combinatorial alterations of catalytic activities in the biosynthetic pathway can be used to generate a library of macrolides impractical to produce by chemical methods. The library includes examples of analogs with one, two and three altered carbon centers of the polyketide products.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing epothilone A and B, desoxyepothilones A and B, and analogues thereof. Also provided are analogues related to epothilone A and B and intermediates useful for preparing same. The present invention further provides novel compositions based on analogues of the epothilones and methods for the treatment of cancer and cancer which has developed a multidrug-resistant phenotype.

Abstract: A method for producing an optically active lactone compound by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of a cyclic ketone compound with at least one kind of oxidants selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide and urine-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) using a cobalt(salen) complex having a cis-&bgr; structure expressed by the following formula (I) or (II) as a catalyst.

Abstract: A compound having the following formula: wherein R3 and M are defined herein, and processes therewith.