Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing epothilone A and B, desoxyepothilones A and B, and analogues thereof, useful in the treatment of cancer and cancer which has developed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Also provided are intermediates useful for preparing said epothilones.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising antimony trifluoride and silica, a method for the preparation of said composition and use of said composition as a catalyst in a process for the oxidation of cyclohexanone to &egr;-caprolactone.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for making &agr;-methylenelactones and &agr;-substitute hydrocarbylidene lactones. More specifically, the present invention obtains high yields of &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone by heating &ggr;-butyrolactone and diethyl oxalate in the presence of a base. The second step comprises treatment of the &agr;-oxalyl enolate salt with formaldehyde to afford the &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone.

Abstract: Compounds expressed by the following general formula (1), The compounds can be used as active ingredients of treating agents for inflammatory respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension; alopecia, acne, psoriasis, dermatitis, hypercalcemia, hypoparathyroidism and metabolic disorder of cartilage.

Abstract: This method is for preparing salts of amphotericin B methyl ester and other polyene macrolide esters. The steps of the process involve methylation by use of cesium carbonate for converting to methyl ester and significantly reducing side products, which are over methylation products. The free base-Schiff base mixture is converted to amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride or some other salt form, by using tetrahydrofuran-water to dissolve the mixture for acid treatment to obtain the salt. The aldehyde liberated during salt formation is removed by centrifuging, as to any precipitated aldehyde, and the aldehyde remaining in solution is removed by eluting the solution through a reverse phase adsorbent to obtain amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride as a yellow powder.

Abstract: Macrocyclic ester compounds can be prepared from oligoesters by thermal cleavage in the presence of a thermostable benzene derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 15-pentadecanolide by hydrogenating 15-pentadecenolide and to its use.

Abstract: Erythromycins, particularly ones with novel C-13 substituents R1 (e.g. C3-C6 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups) are prepared by fermenting suitable organisms in the presence of R1CO2H. A preferred organism is Saccharopolyspora erythraea preferably containing an integrated plasmid capable of directing synthesis of desired compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds with protected hydroxy groups of formula (I) These compounds are precursors for organoleptic agents, such as fragrances, and masking agents and for antimicrobial agents. When activated, the compounds of formula (I) are cleaved and form one or more organoleptic and/or antimicrobial compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides new methods for preparation of cyclic oxygen compounds, including 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans, 2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans, 2,7-disubstituted oxepanes and 2,8-oxocanes. The invention also provides new cyclic oxygen compounds and pharmaceutical compositions and therapeutic methods that comprise such compounds.

Abstract: Macrocyclic ester compounds can be prepared from oligoesters by thermal cleavage in the presence of a thermostable benzene derivative.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing epothilones, desoxyepothilones, and analogues thereof. The present invention further provides novel compositions and methods for the treatment of cancer and additionally provides methods for the treatment of cancer which has developed a multi-drug phenotype.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing epothilones, desoxyepothilones, and analogues thereof. The present invention further provides novel compositions and methods for the treatment of cancer and additionally provides methods for the treatment of cancer which has developed a multi-drug phenotype.

Abstract: A method of modifying or altering the structure of a 1&agr;-hydroxylated vitamin D compound to increase its biological activity by altering the conformational equilibrium of the A-ring to favor a chair conformation that presents the 1&agr;-hydroxyl in the axial orientation. This is accomplished by either locking the A-ring chair conformation in a geometry having an axially orientated 1&agr;-hydroxyl, or by the addition of one or more substituents to the A-ring which interact with other substituents in the molecule or on the A-ring to provide a driving force to the A-ring to adopt a chair conformation which presents the 1&agr;-hydroxyl in the axial orientation.

Abstract: A compound having the following formula: wherein R3 and M are defined herein, and processes therewith.

Abstract: Lactone compounds of formula (1) are useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to carbonylation in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof. The substituted and unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactam. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a lactone, which is prepared by supporting a cupric compound, a zinc compound and at least one alkaline earth metal compound on the supporter. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a lactone, which comprises a dehydrocyclization reaction of a diol under a gas phase in the presence of the aforementioned catalyst after activating said catalyst. The catalyst for preparing lactone of the present invention is quite economic because of its high activity, long lifetime and high selectivity of products.

Abstract: The invention as claimed is directed to a process for making an epothilone having the following structures from ones having an oxiranyl moiety, by reacting a compound having the latter structure with a metal or metal-assisted reagent. Said metal or metal-assisted reagent is selected from the group consisting of a) reactive metallocenes; b) [N2C(CO2Me)2, cat Rh2,(OAC)4]; c) [N2C(CO2Me)2, cat[(n-C7H15CO2)2 Rh]2]; d) [Zn—Cu, EtOH]; e) [Mg(Hg), MgBr]; f) Cr; g) [FeCl3, n-BuLi]; h) [TiCl3, LiAlH4]; i) [TiCl4, Zn]; j) [WCl6, LiAlH4,]; k) [NbCl5, NaAlH4]; l) [VCl3,Zn] and m) [WCl6, n-BuLi].

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the addition of formaldehyde to the &agr; carbon atom of lactones for the production of &agr;-methylenelactones, and specifically &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to carbonylation in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof. The substituted and unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactam. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: Erythromycins, particularly with C-13 substituents R1 (e.g. C3-C6 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups) are prepared by fermenting suitable organisms in the presence of R1CO2H. A preferred organism is Saccharopolyspora erythraea preferably containing an integrated plasmid capable of directing synthesis of desired compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a lactone, which is prepared by supporting a cupric compound, a zinc compound and at least one alkaline earth metal compound on the supporter. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a lactone, which comprises a dehydrocyclization reaction of a diol under a gas phase in the presence of the aforementioned catalyst after activating said catalyst. The catalyst for preparing lactone of the present invention is quite economic because of its high activity, long lifetime and high selectivity of products.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with odorant compositions which contain macrocycles, namely 15- to 17-membered compounds of the formula: wherein the dotted line signifies an optional additional bond, X and Y stand for methylene or C2-12-polymethylene, optionally substituted with an additional methyl group, and A signifies hydrogen or methyl in the case of the unsaturated compounds and methyl in the case of the saturated compounds, with the proviso that the unsaturated compounds are present to more than 80% in the cis form when A signifies hydrogen and are present to more than 50% in the cis form when A signifies methyl, with the exception of Z-oxacyclopentadec-6-en-2-one (15-membered ring), Z-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (17-membered ring), and Z-oxacycloheptadec-11-en-2-one (17-membered ring), a process for the manufacture of the compounds of formula I and the use of the compounds of formula I as odorants.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for making &agr;-methylenelactones and &agr;-substituted hydrocarbylidene lactones. The present invention obtains high yields of &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone by heating &ggr;-butyrolactone and formaldehyde in the presence of a base.

Abstract: According to the inventive co-oxidation process of organic compounds, (A) a compound selected from (A1) a compound having a non-aromatic ethylenic bond and (A2) a ketone or an alcohol corresponding to the ketone is oxidized by molecular oxygen in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide or another imide compound and in the coexistence of (B) a compound oxidizable by the imide compound and oxygen and different from the compound (A). As the compound (B), (a) primary or secondary alcohols (e.g., benzhydrol, cyclohexanol), (b) compounds each having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the adjacent position to an unsaturated bond (e.g., tetralin, ethylbenzene) and the like can be used. According to this process, a corresponding epoxy compound from the compound (A1) having a non-aromatic ethylenic bond, and a corresponding ester or lactone from the ketone or its corresponding alcohol (A2) can be obtained in satisfactory yields.

Abstract: Manufacture of a molecule which is of important olfactory interest for perfumers. This molecule belongs to the group of macrocyclic lactones with a musk odor. The manufacturing process consists in preparing cis-16-hydroxy-9-hexadecenoic acid or an ester of this acid, which is a precursor of cis-isoambrettolide, the latter being obtained by macrolactonization in a very high degree of purity. Use as a fragrance material.

Abstract: A process for reacting olefinic compounds, certain carboxylic reactants, and aldehydes or ketones and products prepared by the process. The compositions of the process are useful as intermediates for the preparation of additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to carbonylation in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof. The substituted and unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactam. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides .epsilon.-caprolactone having a purity of at least 99.8% by weight and a total concentration of not more than 200 ppm based on area ratio of components having a relative retention time of not more than 0.6 (low-boiling fraction), the relative retention time of .epsilon.-caprolactone being set to 1.00 in gas-chromatographic analysis under determined conditions. The present invention also provides a method of producing .epsilon.-caprolactone consisting of co-oxidizing cyclohexanone and aldehyde(s) or oxidizing cyclohexanone using a peracid to obtain .epsilon.-caprolactone and carboxylic acid(s) and recovering the .epsilon.-caprolactone via distillation after addition of an element selected from 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8, 1B and 2B groups and/or a compound containing such an element.

Abstract: Manufacture of a molecule which is of important olfactory interest for perfumers. This molecule belongs to the group of macrocyclic lactones with a musk odor. The manufacturing process consists in preparing cis-16-hydroxy-9-hexadecenoic acid or an ester of this acid, which is a precursor of cis-isoambrettolide, the latter being obtained by macrolactonization in a very high degree of purity. Use as a fragrance material.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of macrocyclic esters or lactones in a two-stage reaction, which entails effecting linear oligomerization of monomers having a number of carbon atoms corresponding to the macrocycle and effecting cyclizing deoligomerization, wherein both steps are conducted in the presence of a complex compound of trivalent iron.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of formula 1 are potent antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents that may be used to treat various bacterial and protozoal infections and disorders related to such infections. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formula 1 and to methods of treating bacterial and protozoal infections by administering the compounds of formula 1.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or methyl, and the dashed lines represent an additional bond in the 11- or 12-position,have extraordinary olfactory properties.

Abstract: 1,6-hexanediol and .epsilon.-caprolactone are prepared from a carboxylic acid mixture comprising adipic acid, 6-hydroxycaproic acid and small amounts of 1,4-cyclohexanediols which is obtained as a by-product in the oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol using oxygen or oxygen-containing gases by water extraction of the reaction mixture, by esterifying and hydrogenating a substream to give hexanediol and cyclizing 6-hydroxycaproic esters to give caprolactone.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds IR.sup.1 --X--L (I)whereL is a cyclic carbamate residue, a lactonoxy residue or a lactam residue,X is an oxygen-containing group ##STR1## where A is a linker, and R.sup.1 is an organic radical or a group L,are used as activators for inorganic peroxy compounds, in particular as cold bleach activators or optical brighteners in detergents, cleaners and bleaches and in disinfectants.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel antifungal macrolides of the formula ##STR1## compositions containing said compounds, methods of using said compounds and a method for synthesizing the compounds.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved process for the preparation of macrocyclic products with 12 or more ring atoms containing one or more polar functional groups on the ring and/or one or more heteroatoms within the ring by ring closing metathesis (RCM) of suitably substituted diene precursors even if the substrates are devoid of any kind of conformational preorganization. Metal carbene complexes of Ru, Mo, W, Re, Os, which are tolerant towards the respective functional group and can either be isolated or prepared in situ are used as catalysts or catalyst precursors. Preferred catalysts or catalyst precursors are ruthenium complexes of the general type XX.sub.1 LL.sub.1 Ru.dbd.CRR.sub.1, wherein X, X.sub.1 =halogen, L, L.sub.1 =trialkylphosphine, R, R1=H, Ph, CH.dbd.CPh.sub.2 denote the most preferred embodiment. The process can be applied to the synthesis of olfactory compounds, perfumary ingredients, pheromones, crown ethers, antibiotics and pharmaceuticals for human and veterinary medicine.

Abstract: A process for producing an omega-functionalized aliphatic carboxylic acid starting from cyclohexanone and omega-functionalized .alpha.-olefins or acrylic esters. The process comprises an addition step, an oxidation step, an isomerization step, and one or more hydrogenation steps. The process allows to use raw materials that are available at low cost and to achieve high selectivity and high yield with industrially simple steps. The process includes the production of new intermediate products, including 2-oxepanone-7-substituted products.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to carbonylation in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof. The substituted and unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactam. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactones and/or hydrates and/or esters thereof as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: A process for reacting olefinic compounds, certain carboxylic reactants, and aldehydes or ketones and products prepared by the process. The compositions of the process are useful as intermediates for the preparation of additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: The invention concerns 14-methyl-hexadecen-11-olide, 14-methyl-hexadecen-12-olide and 14-methyl-hexadecanolide and the use of these compounds as fragrance materials with musk odour. The invention also concerns 14-methyl-12-hydroxy-hexasecanolide, which is an intermediate in a novel process to prepare these compounds.

Abstract: Perfuming ingredients which include at least one macrolide of formula ##STR1## having a double bond in one of the positions indicated by the dotted lines and wherein the symbol R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, are described. They are useful for the preparation of perfumes and perfumed consumer products to which they impart musky odors with original nuances.

Abstract: A method for the production of .omega.-haloalkyl esters which are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of cis-oxacycloheptadec-11-en-2-one (Product I) and cis-oxacycloheptadec-12-en-2-one (Product II). Also disclosed is a process for the synthesis of Products I-II and a method for using Products I-II to impart an ambery or musky smell to a fragrance composition. Finally, fragrance compositions including Products I-II are disclosed as well as end products such as perfume extracts, toilet waters, cosmetic preparations, soaps, detergents and functional products, each of which also contains at least one of Products I-II.

Abstract: A method for the production of .omega.-haloalkyl esters which are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of cis-oxacycloheptadec-11-en-2-one (Product I) and cis-oxacycloheptadec-12-en-2-one (Product II). Also disclosed is a process for the synthesis of Products I-II and a method for using Products I-II to impart an ambery or musky smell to a fragrance composition. Finally, fragrance compositions including Products I-II are disclosed as well as end products such as perfume extracts, toilet waters, cosmetic preparations, soaps, detergents and functional products, each of which also contains at least one of Products I-II.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of macrocyclic compounds by condensation of at least difunctional compounds and subsequent thermal depolymerization in the presence of catalysts, wherein thermal depolarization is carried out in solvent of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent identical or different aliphatic C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon radicals with or without functional groups and having number average molecular weights (Mn) from 500 to 3,000, from which the value of n inevitably follows, at a pressure of less than 50 hPa and at a temperature of 200 to 300.degree. C., 5 to 1,000 parts by weight of solvent being used per part by weight of macrocyclic compound.

Abstract: A polymer having a blocked terminal group according to the present invention, represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR1## where R is an alkylene group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 is an acyl group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms; Y is H, an alkyl group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms; m is a positive integer; and n.sub.1 is 0 or a positive integer.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing cyclopentadecanolide defined according to the structure: ##STR1## using as a starting material the dicarboxylic acid having the structure: ##STR2## according to the reaction sequence: ##STR3## Also described is a process for using the resultant cyclopentadecanolide for augmenting, enhancing or imparting aromas in or to perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including but not limited to solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, perfumed polymers, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, cosmetic powders and hair preparations.

Abstract: Carboxy-peptidyl compounds of Formula I are found to be useful inhibitors of matrix metalloendoproteinase-mediated diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, tumor invasion in certain cancers, periodontal disease, corneal ulceration, proteinuria, dystrophobic epidermolysis bullosa, coronary thrombosis associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture, and aneurysmal aortic disease. This invention relates to a process of making the carboxy-peptidyl compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Perfuming ingredients which include at least one macrolide of formula ##STR1## having a double bond in one of the positions indicated by the dotted lines and wherein the symbol R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, are described. They are useful for the preparation of perfumes and perfumed consumer products to which they impart musky odors with original nuances.