Abstract: Glycolide production through depolymerization of glycolic acid oligomer is stabilized by controlling impurities in the glycolic acid oligomer to allow economical and effective production of glycolide. More specifically, the depolymerization system is controlled to suppress an effective concentration (x+100y wt. %) of depolymerization-obstructing substances calculated as a total of a concentration calculated as diglycolic acid (of x wt. %) of hydroxyl group-free impurity carboxylic acids (A) and 100 times a concentration calculated as ammonia (of y wt. %) of nitrogen-containing substances (B), respectively with respect to the starting glycolic acid oligomer in the depolymerization system, to at most 15 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention relates to the novel macrocycles of general formula (I) and to their use in the treatment of tumor diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for separating a biodegradable, intermolecular cyclic diester of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid from material mixtures which contain in addition the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid of the diester corresponding thereto. In particular, the diester is thereby dilactide and the acid lactic acid. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for separating dilactide from material mixtures, which is based on a modified, distillative method. In addition, the present invention describes a polymerisation device, in particular for preparing polylactide. Likewise, purposes of use of both the devices and of the method are indicated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing polylactic acid by depolymerizing lactic acid oligomers and subjecting the obtained lactide to ring-opening polymerization, through which lactide can be efficiently obtained. The present invention relates to a lactide production apparatus for continuously or intermittently producing lactide, comprising: a depolymerization device 11 for subjecting lactic acid oligomers to a depolymerization reaction; a catalyst regeneration device 27 for subjecting a residue in the depolymerization device to a depolymerization reaction in order to reduce the molecular weights of lactic acid oligomers contained in the residue; and a distillation column 29 for condensing lactide generated in a gas form as a result of the depolymerization reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for purifying a hydroxycarboxylic acid, comprising: a crystallization step of subjecting a hydroxycarboxylic acid aqueous solution to crystallization for purification, a separation step of separating a hydroxycarboxylic acid crystal from a mother liquid, and a washing step of washing the hydroxycarboxylic acid crystal for further purification with a washing liquid, wherein the washing liquid is a hydroxycarboxylic acid aqueous solution. The purified or refined hydroxycarboxylic acid obtained through the above process is suitably used as a starting material for production of a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid. The above process is suitably included in a process for producing a cyclic ester and a process for producing a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method of purifying a cyclic ester, comprising: mixing a co-distillated liquid comprising a cyclic ester produced by heating depolymerization of a hydroxycarboxylic acid oligomer in the presence of a depolymerization solvent and the depolymerization solvent with an organic solvent for washing which is mutually soluble with the depolymerization solvent and has a lower boiling point than the cyclic ester; subjecting the resultant mixture liquid to liquid-liquid separation into an organic solvent phase containing the depolymerization solvent and a cyclic ester phase containing the organic solvent; and then evaporating the organic solvent from the cyclic ester phase containing the organic solvent to recover the cyclic ester containing a reduced amount of the depolymerization solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to stable lactide particles, more specifically lactide particles which are stable enough to be stored and transported at room temperature and have a quality high enough for use as starting material for polylactic acid. The lactide particles have a surface/volume ratio of the particle is lower than 3000. Preferably the lactide in the particle has an optical purity of at least 95%. The lactide particles are prepared by subjecting lactide to a shaping step comprising extrusion, pastillation, prilling, tabletting, or flaking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biocatalysts that are cells, optimally of the Crabtree-negative phenotype, comprising expression vectors encoding genes heterologous to the cell that enable increased production of organic products. More specifically, the invention relates to genetically modified Kluyveromyces cells, methods for making the Kluyveromyces cells, and their use in production of organic products, particularly D-lactic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to cationic divalent metal catalysts useful for the polymerization of cyclic esters, methods for their preparation and uses thereof.

Abstract: A recording layer including a novel dye for a high density optical recording medium, employing short wavelength laser source with a wavelength not longer than 530 nm for recording high density information and reproduction/playback of the high density information recordings, is provided.

Abstract: The raw material used in most process for the production of cyclic diesters of alpha—hydroxiacids, such as Lactide and Glycolide, is a 10% solution of Hydroxyacid. During the evacuation of the solution and condensation reaction water, the organic molecules may be damaged. The present process is characterized by the use of reactants that bring as little water as possible to the reactor. In particular, for the production of Lactide, the main reactant may be anhydrous Calcium Lactate, that will react at about room temperature, for instance, with Sulfuric Anhydride, to give a solid mixture of Lactide, Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate and Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate. Partial dehydration of the Dihydrate under mild temperature is followed by distillation of the Lactide out of the remaining powder of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate, and desublimation of the Lactide. Purification of the Lactide is done in situ in the desublimator.

Abstract: A method for the purification or recovery of lactide rich streams by the combination of a suspension-based melt crystallization process with a subsequent separation of the pure lactide crystals in a wash column is disclosed.

Abstract: Cyclic alkyl, particularly cyclohexyl, substituted glycolides and polylactides are described. The polylactides have a high glass transition temperature and improved clarity.

Abstract: This application relates to a substituted hydroxyphenyl ketone compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition thereof and its use in treating migraine. This application also relates to processes for preparing a compound of formula I, and intermediate compounds useful therein.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to unsaturated or derivatized long chain (C22-C50) polyunsaturated hydrocarbons and a method of preparing the long chain hydrocarbons via electrocoupling of C12-C26 fatty acids. It has been found that soapstock is an inexpensive source of starting materials for the present method. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising the long chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, which can be used as reactive diluents and modifiers in latex, epoxy, alkyd and polymer compositions. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to derivitization or ozonolysis of the long chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbons. The present method is also useful for preparing C12-26 alkyl esters and C12-26 carbon chain compounds containing a terminal olefin.

Abstract: A process of making racemic [2S*[R*[R*[R*]]]] and [2R*[S*[S*[S*]]]]-(±)?,??-[iminobis(methylene)]bis[6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-methanol] of the compound of the formula (I) and its pure [2S*[R*[R*[R*]]]]- and [2R*[S*[S*[S*]]]]-enantiomer compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate having a reactive function group within the molecule and a producing method therefor In a polyhydroxyalkanoate containing a unit having a vinyl group in a side chain, such vinyl group is utilized for deriving a polyhydroxyalkanoate comprising a carboxyl group or a unit having an amide group and a sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: To provide an efficient method for recovering and producing lactide having high optical purity by depolymerizing a polylactic acid or derivative thereof in order to carry out chemical recycling of the polylactic acid or derivative thereof or of a resin composition comprising same, wherein a mixture of a polylactic acid or derivative thereof and aluminum hydroxide is thermally decomposed at a temperature in a range from at least the melting temperature of the polylactic acid or derivative thereof to no greater than 320° C., thus recovering lactide.

Abstract: Halogenated cyclic lactones, polymers made from halogenated cyclic lactones and compositions containing such polymers provide antimicrobial properties and are suitable for use in making textiles, medical devices, delivery agents, packaging materials, coatings for such items, and the like.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed substituted fullerenes, comprising a fullerene core (Cn), wherein n is an even integer greater than or equal to 60; 3 or 5 dihydrocarbylmalonate (>C(COOR1)(COOR2)) groups bonded to the fullerene core; and 1 or 3 polar extended malonate groups (>C(COOR3)(COOR4)) bonded to the fullerene core. The substituted fullerenes can form micelles, and can be used to ameliorate oxidative stress diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for the synthesis of 2,5-dioxane-1,4-diones having formula (I), comprising the oxidation of the ketone function of a cyclic compound having formula (II), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent the hydrogen atom, halo, (C2-C6) alkenyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, cyclohexenyl and a radical having formula —(CH2)m—V—W.

Abstract: A process for the production of polylactide, the stages of which for the production and purification of lactide, starting from an aqueous solution of lactic acid or of its derivatives, includes evaporation of water with formation of oligomers, depolymerization to give lactide, condensation and then crystallization of the crude lactide product to give purified lactide, aqueous treatment of the residual fractions from the crystallization and polymerization of purified and/or prepurified lactide to give polylactide in an extruder and in the presence of catalysts. An alternative process includes carrying out the aqueous treatment before the crystallization.

Abstract: A method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-4,6-dione compound from a ketone compound and a malonic acid, the method comprising: precipitating a 1,3-dioxan-4,6-dione compound as a crystal from a mixed solvent comprising a first organic solvent having a dielectric constant of 10 or more and a water, so as to form a precipitated 1,3-dioxan-4,6-dione compound; and isolating the precipitated 1,3-dioxan-4,6-dione compound by a solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to stable lactide particles, more specifically lactide particles which are stable enough to be stored and transported at room temperature and have a quality high enough for use as starting material for polylactic acid. The lactide particles have a surface/volume ratio of the particle is lower than 3000. Preferably the lactide in the particle has an optical purity of at least 95%. The lactide particles are prepared by subjecting lactide to a shaping step comprising extrusion, pastillation, prilling, tabletting, or flaking.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the manufacture of stable lactide particles, more specifically lactide particles which are stable enough to be stored and transported at room temperature and have a quality high enough for use as starting material for polylactic acid. The lactide particles are obtained via a flaking process, comprising the contacting of a continuous flow of molten lactide with a surface on which the lactide solidifies and subsequently is removed from said surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the manufacture of stable lactide particles, more specifically lactide particles which are stable enough to be stored and transported at room temperature and have a quality high enough for use as starting material for polylactic acid. The lactide particles are obtained via a flaking process, comprising the contacting of a continuous flow of molten lactide with a surface on which the lactide solidifies and subsequently is removed from said surface.

Abstract: Ketomethionine ketals and hemiketals and derivatives thereof are useful as feed additives, in particular for the nutrition of ruminants.

Abstract: A polymerization process to derive a thermal-stabilized poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) and cyclic ester monomer copolymer using a coordination-insertion catalyst/initiator. 1,4-dioxan-2-one and cyclic ester monomer, each containing less than 100-ppm water and having an acid value less than 0.5 mg KOH/g, and preferably less than 0.2 mg KOH/g, are copolymerized. Preferably the cyclic ester monomer is ?-caprolactone and the reaction is in an extruder.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate having a reactive function group within the molecule and a producing method therefor In a polyhydroxyalkanoate containing a unit having a vinyl group in a side chain, such vinyl group is utilized for deriving a polyhydroxyalkanoate comprising a carboxyl group or a unit having an amide group and a sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: An optical information-recording medium which contains a dye having at least two chromophores bonded to each other without any conjugated bond intervening between those chromophores.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glycolide production process wherein a depolymerization reaction system comprising a glycolic acid oligomer or a glycolic acid oligomer and a polar organic solvent is heated to depolymerize the glycolic acid oligomer into glycolide, the resulting glycolide or the glycolide and polar organic solvent are distilled out of the depolymerization reaction system, and the glycolide is recovered from distillates obtained by distillation. The glycolic acid oligomer or the glycolic acid oligomer and polar organic solvent are continuously or intermittently charged into the depolymerization reaction system, thereby carrying out depolymerization reactions continuously or repeatedly. During the depolymerization reactions, a compound having an alcoholic hydroxyl group is permitted to exist at a specific quantitative ratio in the depolymerization reaction system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to preparing lactic acid derivatives that are useful as odorants and monomers for polymer synthesis.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I) defined herein and a compound represented by the formula (II) defined herein, and a process for producing the compound represented by the formula (I) which comprises reacting the compound represented by the formula (III) defined herein with the compound represented by the formula (IV) defined herein.

Abstract: Lactones represented by the formula 2a or 2b: are provided, where each Ph is, independently, an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group. These lactones are suitable for the synthesis of various ?-hydroxy acids and 1,2-diols.

Abstract: Prodrugs of carbidopa, derivatives of carbidopa prodrugs, methods of making prodrugs of carbidopa and derivatives thereof, methods of using prodrugs of carbidopa and derivatives thereof, and compositions of prodrugs of carbidopa and derivatives thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: Cyclic esters of hydroxy organic acids can be produced and recovered via azeotropic distillation. In certain embodiments cyclic esters, such as glycolide and lactide, can be produced from a fermentation broth or other feed stream that contains a hydroxy organic acid, an ammonium salt of a hydroxy organic acid, an amide of a hydroxy organic acid, or an ester of a hydroxy organic acid using azeotropic distillation. The hydroxy organic acid of the feed stream or the hydroxy organic acid derived from the feed stream by decomposition is reacted to produce the cyclic ester. In other embodiments a crude composition of a cyclic ester of an organic ester can be purified using azeotropic distillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for production of a cyclic ester by depolymerization of an aliphatic polyester. In the process, a mixture containing the aliphatic polyester and a specific polyalkylene glycol ether, which has a boiling point of 230-450° C. and a molecular weight of 150-450, is heated under normal or reduced pressure to a temperature at which depolymerization of the aliphatic polyester takes place. Then, a substantially homogeneous solution phase, consisting of the melt phase of the aliphatic polyester and the liquid phase of the polyalkylene glycol ether, is formed. Heating of the solution phase is continued to form the cyclic ester by depolymerization and distil out the cyclic ester together with the polyalkylene glycol ether, and then the cyclic ester is recovered from the distillate. The present invention also provides a process for purification of a crude cyclic ester by use of the specific polyalkylene glycol ether described above.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing glycolide by depolymerization by heating of a glycolic acid oligomer in the presence or absence of a solvent, which process ensures stable depolymerization. The depolymerization reaction is carried out while the content of alkaline metal ions in a glycolic acid oligomer-containing depolymerization reaction system is controlled to 0.001% by mass or lower; a sulfate or an organic acid salt, each in the form of di- or poly-valent cations, or a mixture thereof is allowed to be present as a stabilizer in the depolymerization reaction system; or the content of alkaline metal ions in the depolymerization reaction system is controlled to 0.001% by mass or lower, and a sulfate or an organic acid salt, each in the form of di- or poly-valent cations, or a mixture thereof is allowed to be present as a stabilizer in the depolymerization reaction system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing polylactic acid, comprising the steps of obtaining lactic acid from starchy agricultural products by fermentation, ultrapurification of the lactic acid by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and/or electrodialysis, concentration of the lactic acid and production of a prepolymer, cyclizing depolymerization to dilactide, purification of the dilactide, ring-opening polymerization of the dilactide and demonomerization of the polylactide.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for effectively producing a cyclic lactic acid oligomer, and a cyclic lactic acid oligomer produced by the method.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for purifying the dimeric cyclic esters of lactic (or glycolic) acid starting from a raw lactide (or glycolide) comprising impurities, the method consisting in: extractive and controlled crystallization of the raw lactide, in aqueous medium, controlling the geometry of the formed crystals and carrying out a separation of phases into lactide and impurities; separation of the resulting suspension of crystals, into a phase poor in lactide and loaded with impurities, and a wet cake rich in lactide crystals; drying the resulting wet cake; and recrystallization in melted medium of the resulting dried impure lactide and recuperating the purified lactide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition having biological activity. The composition includes from about 10 ppm to about 5000 parts iodonium salt. The composition also includes from about 100 ppm to about 300,000 ppm of a compound to act as a carrier of the iodonium compound. The carrier is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, polyethylene glycols, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol block copolymers, cellulosic polymers, polyesters, alkyd polymers. The composition also includes from about 50 ppm to about 50,000 ppm of a compound to render the composition compatible with a surface being treated. This component is selected from at least one of di-acids, acid anhydrides, polyfunctional acids, di-ethylene glycol, resorcinol and the like. The composition also includes an appropriate vehicle selected from at least one of water, acidified water, paint, primer, and petroleum distillates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glycolide production process wherein a depolymerization reaction system comprising a glycolic acid oligomer or a glycolic acid oligomer and a polar organic solvent is heated to depolymerize the glycolic acid oligomer into glycolide, the resulting glycolide or the glycolide and polar organic solvent are distilled out of the depolymerization reaction system, and the glycolide is recovered from distillates obtained by distillation. The glycolic acid oligomer or the glycolic acid oligomer and polar organic solvent are continuously or intermittently charged into the depolymerization reaction system, thereby carrying out depolymerization reactions continuously or repeatedly. During the depolymerization reactions, a compound having an alcoholic hydroxyl group is permitted to exist at a specific quantitative ratio in the depolymerization reaction system.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing glycolide by depolymerization by heating of a glycolic acid oligomer in the presence or absence of a solvent, which process ensures stable depolymerization. The depolymerization reaction is carried out while the content of alkaline metal ions in a glycolic acid oligomer-containing depolymerization reaction system is controlled to 0.001% by mass or lower; a sulfate or an organic acid salt, each in the form of di- or poly-valent cations, or a mixture thereof is allowed to be present as a stabilizer in the depolymerization reaction system; or the content of alkaline metal ions in the depolymerization reaction system is controlled to 0.001% by mass or lower, and a sulfate or an organic acid salt, each in the form of di- or poly-valent cations, or a mixture thereof is allowed to be present as a stabilizer in the depolymerization reaction system.

Abstract: A method of refining a crystal of a crude cyclic ester comprises the steps of supplying the crude cyclic ester to a vertically extending cylindrical refiner (1) from an inlet (3) provided at a lower part of the refiner (1), agitating the crude cyclic ester by an agitator provided in the refiner (1) to make the crude cyclic ester flow upwardly, refining the crystals of the crude cyclic ester by counterflow-contact between the upflowing crude cyclic ester and a downflowing melted liquid containing a refined crystal component, and taking out refined crystals of the crude cyclic ester from an outlet (4) provided at an upper part of the refiner (1).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for purifying the dimeric cyclic esters of lactic (or glycolic) acid starting from a raw lactide (or glycolide) comprising impurities, the method consisting in: extractive and controlled crystallization of the raw lactide, in aqueous medium, controlling the geometry of the formed crystals and carrying out a separation of phases into lactide and impurities; separation of the resulting suspension of crystals, into a phase poor in lactide and loaded with impurities, and a wet cake rich in lactide crystals; drying the resulting wet cake; and recrystallization in melted medium of the resulting dried impure lactide and recuperating the purified lactide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for production of a cyclic ester by depolymerization of an aliphatic polyester. In the process, a mixture containing the aliphatic polyester and a specific polyalkylene glycol ether, which has a boiling point of 230-450° C. and a molecular weight of 150-450, is heated under normal or reduced pressure to a temperature at which depolymerization of the aliphatic polyester takes place. Then, a substantially homogeneous solution phase, consisting of the melt phase of the aliphatic polyester and the liquid phase of the polyalkylene glycol ether, is formed. Heating of the solution phase is continued to form the cyclic ester by depolymerization and distil out the cyclic ester together with the polyalkylene glycol ether, and then the cyclic ester is recovered from the distillate. The present invention also provides a process for purification of a crude cyclic ester by use of the specific polyalkylene glycol ether described above.

Abstract: Novel carbohydrate-based compounds with an attached ring system that have antimicrobial or cytostatic activity. The compounds are administered to humans and animals for the treatment or amelioration of bacterial, fungal, viral or protozoal infections or tumors.

Abstract: Described are bicyclic lactones, both fused ring lactones defined according to the generic structure: and spiro lactones defined according to the generic structure: uses thereof in augmenting, enhancing or imparting aromas in or to perfume compositions, perfumed articles, colognes and perfumed polymers; processes for preparing such bicyclic lactones and intermediates therefor. In the structure: Z is one of the moieties: one of R1 or R3 is methyl and the other is hydrogen; and R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are hydrogen or nonadjacent C1-C3 alkyl.

Abstract: A method of refining a crystal of a crude cyclic ester comprises the steps of supplying the crude cyclic ester to a vertically extending cylindrical refiner (1) from an inlet (3) provided at a lower part of the refiner (1), agitating the crude cyclic ester by an agitator provided in the refiner (1) to make the crude cyclic ester flow upwardly, refining the crystals of the crude cyclic ester by counterflow-contact between the upflowing crude cyclic ester and a downflowing melted liquid containing a refined crystal component, and taking out refined crystals of the crude cyclic ester from an outlet (4) provided at an upper part of the refiner (1).