Abstract: Described are dialkyne compounds of the formula I in which n, m, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, X4, Z1, Z2, A1, A2, Q, Y1 and Y2 are as defined herein and the use of such compounds in liquid-crystal media.

Abstract: The invention relates to pentafluorosulfuranylbenzene derivatives of the formula I in which R1, A1, A2, Z1, L1, L2, L3 and n are as defined herein and to the use thereof in liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: In recognition of the need to develop novel therapeutic agents and efficient methods for the synthesis thereof, the present invention provides novel compounds of general formula (I): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to novel dioxane derivatives of the formula I R1—(A1—Z1)m—A2—C2F4—A3—(Z2—A4)n—R2  I in which R1, R2, A1, A2, A3, A4, Z1, Z2, m and n are as defined herein, to their use as components of liquid-crystalline media, and to liquid-crystal and electro-optical display elements which contain the liquid-crystalline media according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral 1,3-dioxane compounds and diastereomers thereof of the general formula I where R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description, and the use of these compounds as chiral dopants for liquid-crystalline systems. The invention further relates to non-polymerizable or polymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions comprising at least one chiral 1,3-dioxane compound of the formula (I) of the invention, the use of these non-polymerizable or polymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions for producing optical components, the use of the polymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions for printing or coating substrates, for preparing dispersions and emulsions, films or pigments and optical components, printed or coated substrates, dispersions and emulsions, films and pigments of this type.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienal monoacetals of the general formula I which comprises a) condensing an ester phosphonium salt of the general formula II or an ester phosphonate of the general formula III with an aldehyde of the formula IV in a Wittig or Wittig-Horner reaction to give an acetal ester of the general formula V b) reducing the ester of the formula V to give an acetal alcohol of the general formula VI and c) oxidizing the alcohol to 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienal monoacetals of the general formula I, where the substituents have the meaning defined in the description.

Abstract: The invention relates to 3,5-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-valeronitriles for the synthesis of epothilones and epothilone derivatives and process for the production of these new intermediate products in the synthesis and the use for the production of epothilones or epothilone derivatives.

Abstract: Novel liquid crystal compound having a negative and absolutely large value of dielectric anisotropy, being excellent in compatibility with other liquid crystalline compounds at a low temperature and being stable chemically and physically, as well as a liquid crystal composition comprising this compound, and a liquid crystal display device comprising this liquid crystal composition are provided, said compound is expressed by the general formula (1): R1—A1—B1—A2—B2—A3—B3—Z—B4—A4—R2  (1) wherein A1, A2, A3 and A4 represent a single bond, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene which may be substituted with a fluorine atom(s) or the like; B1, B2, B3 and B4 represent a single bond, 1,2-ethylene, 1,2-ethenylene, 1,2-ethynylene, oxymethylene, methyleneoxy or the like; R1 and R2 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or the like; and Z represents (I) to (VI): wherein X represents H or F, and Y represents difluoromethyl gr

Abstract: A process for preparing purine derivatives, such as famiciclovir and penciclovir, by reacting, in the presence of a palladium (0) catalyst and a ligand, a compound of the formula with a compound of the formula wherein X is H, OH or halo; Y is a leaving group; and R1 and R2 are selected independently from C1-12alkyl, aryl, C1-12alkylaryl, C1-12alkylsilyl, arylsilyl and C1-12alkyldiarylsilyl or are joined together to form a moiety of the formula wherein R3 and R4 are selected independently from H, C1-12alkyl and aryl.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystalline compound having a difluoropropyleneoxy group as a bonding group, which is represented by Formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; rings A1 to A5 each independently represent a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group; Z1 to Z4 each independently represent a single bond, —CH2CH2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CF2O— or —OCF2—; Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 each independently represent hydrogen or fluorine; and k, l, m and n each independently represent 0 or 1. This liquid crystalline compound has a large absolute value (|&Dgr;&egr;|) of a dielectric anisotropy and shows a relatively small refractive anisotropy.

Abstract: A polymer for a chemically amplified negative photoresist and a photoresist composition are provided.

Abstract: Acetal compounds in which a 5- or 6-membered ring acetal structure is connected to a norbornene structure through a linker represented by —(CH2)m— in which one hydrogen atom may be substituted with a hydroxyl or acetoxy group, and m is from 1 to 8 are novel. Using the acetal compounds as a monomer, polymers are obtained. A resist composition comprising the polymer as a base resin is sensitive to high-energy radiation and has excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds are disclosed which have large dielectric anisotropy and relatively low viscosity, and which are represented by formula (1) wherein R1 represents hydrogen or C1-C15 alkyl in which one or more non-adjacent methylene may be replaced by oxygen, sulfur or —CH═CH— and one or more hydrogen may be replaced by halogen; R2 represents hydrogen, cyano, halogen or C1-C15 alkyl in which one or more non-adjacent methylene may be replaced by oxygen, sulfur or —CH═CH— and one or more hydrogen may be replaced by halogen; L represents halogen or hydrogen; A1, A2, A4 and A5 each independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, one or more —CH2— in the trans-1,4-cyclohexylene may be replaced by oxygen or sulfur, one or more ═CH— in the 1,4-phenylene may be replaced by nitrogen, and one or more hydrogen in the 1,4-phenylene ring may be replaced by halogen; A3represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which one or mo

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cross-linker for use in a photoresist which is suitable for a photolithography process using KrF (248 ru), ArF (193 nm), E-beam, ion beam or EUV light source. According to the present invention, preferred cross-linkers comprise a copolymer having repeating units derived from: (i) a compound represented by following Chemical Formula 1 and/or (ii) one or more compound(s) selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride.

Abstract: This invention relates to a monomer shown by the general formula [1] (wherein X′ is a cyclic hydrocarbon residue containing polymerizable double bond(s), which may have a substituent, Z is a spacer or a direct bond and R is a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having one or two protected hydroxyl groups as substituent) and a polymer containing a segment derived from the above monomer. The said polymer is useful for a resist composition, etc. utilized in the production of semiconductor elements, etc. and the said monomer is useful as a starting material for the polymer, and a resist composition using the said polymer can remarkably advantageously be used as a resist material for ArF excimer laser beams which has been considered to be a valuable technology for exposure belonging to the coming generation.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid crystalline compounds which (i) are characterized in that the compounds have a wide temperature range in which the compounds exhibit a liquid crystal phase, are low in viscosity, and have a negative and large &Dgr;&egr;, (ii) are readily mixed with other various liquid crystal materials even at low temperatures, and (iii) are useful as component of liquid crystal compositions suitable both for TFT type display mode and IPS mode; and liquid crystal composition comprising the liquid crystalline compound; the compounds are expressed by the general formula (1) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; ring A1, ring A2, and ring A3 independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, trans-1,4-silacyclohexylene group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,3-dithian-2,5-diyl group, or tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, or 1,4-phenylene group in which one or more hydrogen atom

Abstract: The invention relates to novel dioxane derivatives of the formula I

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols of the formula I in which R, A1 A2, Z1, Z2 m and n are as defined herein, and their use as stabilizers or antioxidants.

Abstract: Acetylene derivatives of the formula I in which R, A1, A2, Z1, Z2, Z3, L1, L2, L3, Y, m and n are as defined herein are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: 7, 8 and 9-substituted tetracycline compounds, methods of treating tetracycline responsive states, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the 7, 8 and 9-substituted tetracycline compounds are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-(3-alkenylbenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-diones of the formula I where the variables have the following meanings: R1, R2 are hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, —OR6, —OCOR7, —OSO2R7, —SH, —S(O)nR8, —SO2OR6, —SO2NR6R9, —NR9SO2R7 or —NR9COR7; R3 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl; R4, R5 are hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, —COR10, —CO2R10, —COSR10, —CONR10R11, —C(R12)═NR13, —PO(OR10)(OR11); unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl; or R4 and R5 together form an alkanediyl chain which can be substituted and/or can be interrupted by a hetero atom; Q is an unsubstituted or substituted cyclohexane-1,3-dione ring wh

Abstract: Provided are a novel ammonium (3R,5S)-3,5,6-trihydroxyhexanoate derivative represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 represents a benzyl group which may have a substituent, a triphenylmethyl group which may have a substituent, an organosilyl group or a C1-5 acyl group; and A means a specific amine; and a preparation process of the derivative.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to cyclic dienol ethers of formula (III). wherein R3 is hydrogen and R4 is C1-4 alkoxy or R3 and R4 together form an optionally substituted methylenedioxy group —O—C(R5)(R6)—O—, wherein R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl or phenyl.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide novel liquid crystalline compounds having a negative and extremely large dielectric anisotropy value and a small optical anisotropy value together, to provide liquid crystal compositions comprising the liquid crystalline compound, and to provide liquid crystal display devices fabricated by using the liquid crystal composition; the liquid crystalline compounds have 2,3-difluorophenyl moiety and are expressed by the general formula (1) wherein Ra and Rb each independently represent a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which group any methylene group may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—, but there is not a case wherein —O— continues; ring A1 represents cyclohexane-1,4-diyl not adjacent any methylene group may be replaced by —O—; ring A2 represents 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene in which phenylene hydrogen atoms at 5-position and 6-position m

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluoro-substituted alkenyl compound represented by formula (1) 1

Abstract: There can be provided a liquid crystalline compound expressed by the general formula (1): 1

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds which have a wide temperature range of liquid crystal phase, low viscosity, and improved threshold voltage; liquid crystal compositions; and liquid crystal display devices comprising the composition can be provided; and the liquid crystalline compounds are expressed by the general formula (1) Ra—A1—Z1—A2—Z2—A3—(Z3—A4)m—Rb  (1) wherein Ra represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms one or more —CH2— in which alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or the like, and one or more hydrogen atoms in which alkyl group may be replaced by a halogen atom; Rb represents Ra, a halogen atom, or cyano group; A1, A2, A3, and A4 independently represent a divalent ring group; Z1, Z2, and Z3 independently represent an alkenylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, —COO—, a covalent bond, or the like provided that at least one of Z1 to Z3 represents an alkenylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and at

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds useful in super twisted nematic liquid crystal displays are described and have the formula: wherein n is 1-5; m is 0-5; p is 0, 1 or 2; q is 0, 1 or 2 p+q is less than or equal to 3; A1, A2, A3 are independently chosen from 1,4-disubstituted benzene, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine, 1,5-disubstituted pyridine, 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene which may be laterally substituted with F, Cl, Br or CN, trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane, 2,5-disubstituted dioxane, 2,5-disubstituted thiophene, 2,5-disubstituted furan, 2,5-disubstituted thiodiazole Z1 may be COO, OOC, OCH2, O; Z2, Z3 are independently chosen from a direct bond, COO, OOC, C2H4, CH2O, OCH2, C4H8, C3H6O, (E)—CH═CHC2H4, (E)—CH═CHCH2O, —C≡C—; R1 is alkyl, and may contain up to 20 carbon atoms and may be branched or a straight chain; provided that at least one of, A1, A2, A3 is selected from 1,4-disubstituted thiophene.

Abstract: Provided are liquid crystalline compounds having excellent physical properties and being excellent in miscibility with other liquid crystal materials; liquid crystal compositions comprising the crystalline compound; and liquid crystal display device fabricated by using the liquid crystal composition; the liquid crystalline compounds being specific chlorobenzene derivatives expressed by the general formula (1) Ra—A1—Z1—A2&Parenopenst;Z2—A3&Parenclosest;m&Parenopenst;Z3—A4&Parenclosest;nRb  (1) wherein Ra, Rb, A1 to A4, Z1 to Z3, m, and n are herein defined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral 1,3-dioxane compounds and diastereomers thereof of the general formula I 1

Abstract: The invention relates to acetylene derivatives of the formula I in which n, m, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, X4, Z1, Z2, A1, A2, Q, Y1 and Y2 are as defined below, wherein at least one of the groups X1, X2, X3 and X4 is —C≡C—R3, R3 is H, alkyl(C1-C8), Cl, CN, SF5 or CF3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing optically active 5-methtyl-2-(1-methtyl-butyl)-5-propyl-1,3-dioxan, wherein said method comprises the following steps: converting lactic acid methylic ester into the corresponding N,N-disubstituted amid (aminolysis with piperidine and/or pyrrolidine); protecting its free OH function by a reaction with ethylvinylether in the presence of p-pyridiniumtosylate as a catalyst; submitting the N-pentamethylen- or N-tetramethylenlactamide thus obtained to a Grignard reaction in a conventional way so as to produce the corresponding &agr;, &bgr;-unsaturated ketone; further separating in a conventional way (e.g. agitation with acetic acid) the protection group introduced during the second step; acetalating in a conventional way the ketone function (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention provides liquid crystalline compounds having a high voltage holding ratio and a remarkably high &Dgr;&egr; value, electric and chemical stability, and having good compatibility with known liquid crystalline compounds, liquid crystal compositions containing the compound, and liquid crystal display devices constituted by using the compounds. The liquid crystalline compounds of the present invention are particular dioxane derivatives represented by general formula (1). Further, the present invention relates to liquid crystal compositions characterized in that the compositions comprise at least one of the derivatives, and liquid crystal display devices constituted by using the compositions.

Abstract: The liquid crystalline compound is expressed by the general formula (1) Ra-A1-Z1-A2-Z2-A3-Z3-A4-Rb   (1) wherein Ra represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms any methylene group (—CH2—) in the alkenylene or alkyl group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—, but in no case —O— and/or —S— continues, and any hydrogen atom in Ra may be replaced by a halogen atom; Rb represents Ra, a halogen atom, or cyano group provided that at least one of Ra and Rb represents a group having double bond; A1, A2, A3, and A4 independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-phenylene group any hydrogen atom on the ring may be replaced by fluorine atom or cyano group, cyclohexenediyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group; and Z1, Z2, and Z3 independently represent an alkenylene gro

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are provided which are particularly useful in super twisted nematic devices, where n may be 0-5; m may be 0-5; p may be 1-9; q may be 1, 1, or 2; A1, A2 are independently chosen from 1-4, -disubstituted benzene, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine, or 2,5-disubstituted pyridine, trans- 1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane, trans- 2,5-disubstitued dioxane. The aromatic rings may be laterally substituted with F, Cl, Br or CN; Z1 may be O, COO, OOC; Z2, Z3 are independent chosen from a direct bond, COO, OOC, C2H4, CH2O, OCH2, or -c≡c-, provided that when Z1 is O and m is 1, 3 or 5 the carbon—carbon double bond configuration is E; provided that when Z1 is O and m is 2 or 4 the carbon—carbon double bond configuration is Z; provided that when Z1 is COO or OOC and m is 0, 2 or 4 the carbon—carbon double bond configuration is E; and provided that when Z1 is COO or OOC and m is 1, 3 or 5 the carbon—carbon double bond configuration is Z.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of propylene to an acrolein derivative by converting propylene to acrolein and converting acrolein to the acrolein derivative. The processes utilize oxygen and recycle propane to the acrolein reactor. Process feeds can comprise, propane, propylene or mixtures thereof. The presence of propane in the propylene-to-acrolein reaction can enhance the efficiency of the processes.

Abstract: The compounds according to the general formula in which formula the dotted lines indicate a single or a double bond, n and m are 0 or 1, R1 is hydrogen or an acyl group —C(O)R3, R3 being a linear or branched alkyl or alkylene group from C1 to C8, the oxygen atom being bound to the adjacent &agr;-carbon atom by a double bond in the case where n is 0 and by a single bond in the case where n is 1, R2 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group from C1 to C8, or R2 is an alkenoxy group which is linked to the group R1 to form a 1,3-dioxolane cycle having 5 to 7 ring members, are useful perfuming ingredients. The most preferred compounds according to the invention are those which have a damascone- or damascenone-like structure, with the methyl substituent being in 4-position of the ring instead of the 2-position, as is the case in damascones and damascenones.

Abstract: The invention relates to tolan derivatives of the formula I in which R1, R2, A, Z, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, Q, m and n are as defined herein.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined in the description, R.sup.2 being an aromatic group, useful in the treatment and condition selected from the group consisting of the group meningitis and salpingitis, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and/or adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute or chronic inflammation, arthritis, cholangitis, colitis, encephalitis, endocarditis, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, pericarditis, reperfusion injury, vasculitis, acute and delayed hypersensitivity, graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease, auto-immune diseases including Type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis, periodonate diseases, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, systemic sclerosis, keloid formation tumors which produce IL-1 as an autocrine growth factor, cachexia, Alzeimer's disease, percussion injury, depression, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis in a mammal, including human.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline compound represented by the general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy halide group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; rings A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3, and A.sub.4 each independently represent a 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene group; Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 each independently represent a covalint bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C-- or --COO--; 1 and m are 0 pr 1; and n is 0 to 10.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds which have excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal materials, especially at low temperatures, high voltage holding ratio, low threshold voltage, their small temperature dependency, high .DELTA.n, and broad liquid phase temperature range, the compounds being represented by formula (1)Ra--A.sub.1 --Z.sub.1 --A.sub.2 --Z.sub.2 --(--A.sub.3 --Z.sub.3 --).sub.m --A.sub.0 --Rf (1)(wherein m is 0 or 1; A.sub.0, A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and A.sub.3 represent a six-membered ring, ring A.sub.0 is 1,4-phenylene which may be substituted with 1 to 3 of F and/or Cl, rings A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and A.sub.3, independently of one another, are selected from trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 represent a bridge between the rings and independently of one another, are selected from --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.

Abstract: There is described a compound of general formula (2RS,4SR,6X)-2,4,6-Rimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane with the configuration characteristic X=RS (Compound 1) or SR ##STR1## The compounds 1 and 3 possess a fragrance which can be described as strong, herbal-fresh, green, typically grapefruit.Further described are new processes for production of a mixture of the compounds (2RS,4SR,6RS)-2,4,6-trimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (1) and (2RS,4RS,6RS)-2,4,6-trimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (2).

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds useful in super twisted nematic liquid crystal displays are described and have the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 1-5;m is 0-5;p is 0, 1 or 2;q is 0, 1 or 2p+q is less than or equal to 3;A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 are independently chosen from 1,4-disubstituted benzene 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine, 1,5-disubstituted pyridine, 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene which may be laterally substituted with F, Cl, Br or CN, trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane 2,5-disubstituted dioxane, 2,5-disubstituted thiophene, 2,5-disubstituted furan, 2,5-disubstituted thiodiazoleZ.sub.1 may be COO, OOC, OCH.sub.2, O;Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3 are independently chosen from a direct bond, COO, OOC, C.sub.2 H.sub.4, CH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2, C.sub.4 H.sub.8, C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O, (E)--CH.dbd.CHC.sub.2 H.sub.4, (E)--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 O, --C.tbd.C--;R.sub.1 is alkyl, and may contain up to 20 carbon atoms and may be branched or a straight chain; provided that at least one of, A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a liquid crystallineThe present invention is concerned with a liquid crystalline compound expressed by general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents cyano group, halogen atom, or a straight or branched alkyl group or halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, one or not-adjacent two CH.sub.2 groups in the alkyl group or halogenated alkyl group may be replaced by oxygen atom or --CH.dbd.CH-- group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 independently represent --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --CF.sub.2 O--, --OCF.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.

Abstract: A propiolonitrile derivative of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n1 and n2 each independently stand for 0 or 1; A1, A2 and A3 each independently represent a 1,4-phenylene, a 1,4-phenylene substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or a 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl; Z1, Z2 and Z3 each independently represent a single bond, ethylene, ethenylene, ethynylene, carbonyloxy, oxycarbonyl, methyleneoxy, oxymethylene, 1,4-butylene or 1,4-butenylene; R represents a saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical of 1-10 carbons, an unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical of 2-10 carbons, a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical of 1-10 carbons containing one or more ether linkages (--O--) in the chain and a saturated or unsaturated, fluoro-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical of 1-10 carbons containing one or more fluorine atoms in the chain; X1 and X2 each independently represent H, F or Cl;provided that at least one of X1 and X2 is F or Cl, when both n1 and n2

Abstract: Disclosed is to provide an azine derivative as a novel liquid crystal compound, a novel process for the preparation of an asymmetrical azine in a high reaction yield with an extremely small amount of by-products such as symmetrical azines, a nematic liquid crystal composition containing the azine derivative which exhibits a broad driving temperature range and an excellent response for the desired high birefringence index, a liquid crystal display device such as TN-LCD, STN-LCD and TFT-LCD having improved electro-optical properties comprising the liquid crystal composition as a constituent material, and a light-scattering type liquid crystal display system which exhibits a suppressed memory phenomenon, a higher uniformity in turbidity for display and improved display properties and response against temperature change while maintaining and improving the required display properties such as fast switching time, lower voltage driving, higher light-control layer resistivity and higher contrast ratio even in the for

Abstract: Halovinyloxy-substituted dioxane derivatives of the formula I in which R, X, Y and n are as defined in claim 1, are useful as components of liquid-crystalline media, and in liquid-crystal and electro-optical display elements which contain the novel liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of polyene esters or polyene acids comprises reacting a polyene O,O-dialkylacetal of di(O,O-dialkylacetal) with a vinylketene acetal or analogue thereof in the presence of a Lewis acid, hydrolyzing the reaction mixture depending on the vinylketene acetal used, subsequently cleaving alcohol under strongly basic conditions from the polyene derivative produced at this stage and, where the desired ester or carboxy group is still not present, performing the respective conversion. Certain intermediates in this process form a further aspect of the invention. The final products are primarily carotenoids which can be used appropriately, e.g. as colorants and pigments for foodstuffs, animal products etc.

Abstract: An acrylonitrile derivative expressed by the following general formula I, a composition comprising the derivative and having an improved viscosity and optical anisotropy, and a liquid crystal display device: ##STR1## wherein rings A.sup.1 to A.sup.3 represent phenylene, cyclohexylene, dioxane, or pyrimidine, R.sup.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline compound of formula ##STR1## wherein B and D are each independently of the other C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 alkyl, ##STR2## L is ##STR3## methyl or C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 alkyl, wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 alkyl, with the proviso that when L is methyl, at least one of B and D is C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 alkyl;R2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen, cyano or nitro,R3, R4 and R5 are each independently of one another hydrogen, OR6, SR6, SeR6, --NHR6, --NR6R7, ##STR4## with the proviso that at least one of R3, R4 and R5 is not hydrogen, R6 is C.sub.7 -C.sub.37 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.37 alkylene or C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 alkyl which is interrupted by 1 to 6 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N,R7 is hydrogen or R9,R8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, andR9 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylene or C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 alkyl which is interrupted by 1 to 6 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N.