Abstract: Modified lead/bismuth/molybdate catalysts containing vanadium, copper, or gold have been prepared, and are selective to the corresponding furan compound from the gas phase oxidation of an unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon such as butadiene.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: A furan-containing compound of formula (I): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to new alkoximinoacetic acid amides, a process for their preparation and their use as agents for combating pests.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a new procedure for obtaining and purifying 2-bromo-5-(2-bromo-2-nitrovinyl)-furan in one reaction step starting with 2-nitrovinylfuran, and maintains high indexes of purity and an appropriate yield. The process involves the direct bromination of 2-nitrovinylfuran using charcoal from the beginning of the reaction, followed by the neutralization and dehydrobromination using pyridine, and finally crystallizing and purifying the product obtained with ethanol and charcoal. With the new procedure it is possible to reduce the time of obtaining the final product, the reaction becomes endothermic instead of exothermic, which facilitates the work of the operators and allows for the scaling up of the reaction to superior levels. The process significantly decreases the amount of chemicals in the reaction, some of them with toxic properties.

Abstract: Modified lead/bismuth/molybdate catalysts containing vanadium, copper, or gold have been prepared, and are selective to the corresponding furan compound from the gas phase oxidation of an unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon such as butadiene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method whereby 3,4-tetrahydrofurandiol is hydrogenated in the presence of Rh, Re, Pd, Ru and Ni catalysts, optionally supported, to form tetrahydrofuran and its precursors.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electro-optico chromophore bridge compounds and donor-bridge compounds which can be used in the preparation of polymeric thin films for waveguide media.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalysts useful in the vapor phase oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as 1,3-butadiene to furan and maleic anhydride. The catalysts comprise vanadium oxides, vanadium phosphorus oxides or vanadium antimony oxides incorporated in a matrix comprising oxides or oxyhydroxides of silicon, titanium, tantalum and/or niobium derived using sol-gel chemistry, optionally in the presence of an organic directing agent, such as dodecylamine.

Abstract: In a process for preparing THF (tetrahydrofuran) by reaction of a 1,4-butanediol-containing reaction mixture over an acid catalyst, the reaction mixture comprises further alcohols different from 1,4-butanediol and is essentially free of water.

Abstract: A process for selectively debrominating polybromoalkyl aryl ketones and polybromoalkyl heteroaryl ketones is disclosed. The process comprises contacting an alpha-polybrominated ketone with an alkali metal sulfite in the presence of a C2-C6 alkylcarboxylic acid to obtain a selectively mono-debrominated product.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds useful in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, and processes for their production, the compounds having the formula: wherein: R1 and R2 are, independently, selected from H; C1-C12 alkyl or C1-C6 perfluorinated alkyl; X represents a leaving group; A is O or S; m is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2; R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from H, halogen, —NO2, alkyl, alkoxy, C1-C6 perfluorinated alkyl, OH or the C1-C4 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, —CN, —O—R1, —O—Ar, —S—R1, —S—Ar, —SO—R1, —SO—Ar, —SO2—R1, —SO2—Ar, —CO—R1, —CO—Ar, —CO2—R1, or —CO2—Ar; and Y is selected from a) the moiety: wherein R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group of H, C1-C6 alkyl, or phenyl; or b) an optionally substituted five-, six- or seven-membered saturated, unsaturated

Abstract: The functionalization of compounds containing carbon-hydrogen bonds utilizing platinum compounds in Shilov-type reactions is improved by using hydrogen peroxide or selected Pt[IV] compounds as an oxidant.

Abstract: New p-diaminobenzene derivative compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## and physiologically compatible water soluble salts thereof are described, wherein X represents oxygen, sulfur, selenium or N-R9. Compositions for dyeing keratin fibers including a combination of coupler and developer substance are described, in which the developer substance includes at least one of the new p-diaminobenzene derivative compounds.

Abstract: The present application describes amidinophenyl-pyrrolidines, -pyrrolines, and -isoxazolidines and derivatives thereof of formula I: ##STR1## or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, wherein one of D and D' may be C(.dbd.NH)NH.sub.2 and the other H, and J.sup.1 and J.sup.2 may be O or CH.sub.2, which are useful as inhibitors of factor Xa.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of aromatic hydroxythiols including oxidizing an aromatic aminothiol to form an aminodisulfide compound; forming a bis-diazonium salt of the aminodisulfide compound; and reacting the bis-diazonium salt with water to form an aromatic hydroxyldisulfide compound, which is then reduced to the hydroxythiol. New bis-diazonium aromatic disulfide compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: New p-diaminobenzene derivative compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## and physiologically compatible water soluble salts thereof are described, wherein X represents oxygen, sulfur, selenium or N-R9, wherein R9 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a phenyl group or an acetyl group; and the remaining R groups each represent variously hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, nitro, nitrile, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyclic or aromatic groups, among others. Compositions for dyeing keratin fibers including a combination of coupler and developer substance are disclosed, in which the developer substance includes at least one of the new p-diaminobenzene derivative compounds.

Abstract: The salt of a sulfonated succinic acid is cyclized, then converted to novel sulfonated hydroxamic acids by reaction with hydroxylamine (which is added or formed in situ), and the novel hydroxamic acid is then cyclized to the sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide salt. This synthetic procedure is simple, direct, and more rapid than present procedures for synthesis of the succinimide. Novel sulfo-hydroxamic acid intermediates are formed during this procedure.

Abstract: Novel compounds which increase a response speed of a liquid crystal composition by mixing with a liquid composition are represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a halogen atom, and Y represents an unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: There are disclosed certain compounds identified as substituted dipeptide analogs which promote the release of growth hormone in humans and animals. This property can be utilized to promote the growth of food animals to render the production of edible meat products more efficient, and in humans, to increase the stature of those afflicted with a lack of a normal secretion of natural growth hormone. Growth promoting compositions containing such substituted dipeptide analogs as the active ingredient thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel process for producing a biaryl compound represented by formula (III), which is useful as a medicine, an agricultural chemical and an electrooptical liquid-crystal display material:Ar--Ar' (III)(wherein Ar and Ar' each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group) which comprises the steps of (i) reacting a trialkoxysilyl-substituted aromatic compound represented by formula (I):Ar--Si(OR).sub.3 (I)(wherein Ar has the same meaning as defined above and R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) with a fluoride ion source in the presence of a solvent, and then (ii) adding thereto an aromatic compound represented by formula (II):X--Ar' (II)(wherein X represents an eliminating group and Ar' has the same meaning as defined above) and a catalyst comprising a transition metal of tenth group to conduct a further reaction.

Abstract: A flame retardant organic silicon and phosphorus containing compound is produced by reacting a silicon halides compound with an organic phosphorus compound to produce an organic silicon and phosphorus halides compound which is then reacted with an organic compound to produce an organic silicon and phosphorus containing compound. This organic silicon and phosphorus containing compound is incorporated in an otherwise more flammable organic material under reaction conditions and in an amount sufficient to reduce the combustibility of the otherwise more flammable organic material. The organic silicon and phosphorus containing compound may also be utilized as coating agents, adhesives, surfactants, insecticides, hydraulic fluid and other uses.

Abstract: A mixture of silicon and phosphorus are heated and reacted with halide to produce silicon tetrahalides, silicon-phosphorus halide and phosphorus trihalides compositions. These compositions are reacted with any suitable organic, inorganic-organic and/or inorganic compound to produce novel organic silicon-phosphorus containing compositions. These compositions may be utilized as flame retardants, coating agents, adhesives and many other uses.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing prostaglandin E.sub.1, E.sub.2 and derivatives thereof is provided. The process is a "one-pot" method in which 2-furyllithium, copper cyanide, a lower alkyllithium reagent and either an (E)-alkenylstannane or a halogenide are combined with cyclopentenone (II) ##STR1## in which A, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are as defined herein. The reaction gives rise to the desired prostaglandin product in yields of 80% or higher.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the removal of organic chlorides from furan and hydrogenated furans by contacting a crude product stream comprising (i) furan, 2,3-DHF, 2,5-DHF, THF or a mixture thereof and (ii) one or more organic chlorides with a copper-containing scavenger material.

Abstract: A novel process for the production of a compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z and Z' each represents a protective group for the hydroxyl group; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a group represented by the formula --B--D (in which B is an alkylene group and D is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group or a cycloalkyl group), a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group; R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a group represented by a formula --COOR.sup.8 ; R.sup.6 represents a group represented by a formula --COOR.sup.9, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a group represented by a formula --OCOR.sup.

Abstract: Methylene compounds are preferably prepared by reducing an aluminum halide complex of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1 to 4 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radicals, 1 to 4 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, one C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy group and/or one acetoxy group, or represents a heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by one C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical and/or one fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom and contains 5 to 10 C atoms and one O or S atom andR.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl radical which is optionally substituted by 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, independently of R.sup.1 represents a radical as defined for R.sup.1 and, in the case where R.sup.1 =a C.sub.6 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and W are defined in the specification in which a compound of the following formula: ##STR2## is reacted with a nucleophile of the formula WH in an inert atmosphere in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent. The resulting compounds are useful as antibiotics.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of 6-demethyl-6-deotetracycline antibiotic agents.

Abstract: A method for reducing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone of the present invention includes the step of treating the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone with a silyl compound in the presence of a Lewis acid and alcohol to selectively reduce the carbonyl group of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone. According to this method, a deoxy-compound can be obtained from the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone by selectively reducing the carbonyl group without reducing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated bond.

Abstract: Process of treatment of mammals, including humans to treat diseases or conditions of the type which are normally treated with retinoid-like compounds is disclosed, with pharmaceutical compositions containing an active compound which is a selective agonist of the RXR retinoid receptor sites in preference to the RAR retinoid receptor sites. A compound is defined to be a selective agonist of the RXR receptor site if the compound is at least approximately ten times more effective as an agonist in the RXR receptor sites than in the RAR receptor sites.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, and R.sup.1 and W are defined in the specification. These compounds are useful as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic compounds of the general formula I,Ar--X Iin which Ar represents an optionally substituted aryl group and X represents a group OH, Cl, Br or CN, by reaction of an aryl diazoniumsalt of the formula II,Ar--N.dbd.N.sup.+ Y.sup.- IIin which Ar is as defined above and Y represents a suitable counterion, with water, hydrogen chloride or a salt thereof, hydrogen bromide or a salt thereof, or a cyanide in the presence of a copper(I)salt, characterized in that the copper(I)salt is a copper(I)salt derived from an hydroxy carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention is an expedient route to synthesizing substituted or unsubstituted aryl-2-propenoic esters. The substituted or unsubstituted aryl-2-propenoic esters are useful in preparing optically active substituted or unsubstituted 2-arylpropanoic acids known to be active anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and W are defined in the specification. These compounds are useful as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: Preparation of cyclohexanediones of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed. An aldehyde of the formula R--CHO is reacted with a ketene type compound of the formula (R.sub.1) (R.sub.2) C.dbd.C.dbd.O to give a polymer: ##STR2## wherein n ranges from about 2 to about 1,000. The polymer is hydrolyzed to produce a mixture of an unsaturated acid of the formula R--CH.dbd.C(R.sub.1)--COOH and a hydroxy ester or acid of the formula R--CH(OH)C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2)--COOR.sub.3, the acids in the mixture are converted for esters. The hydroxy ester of the ester mixture is converted to unsaturated ester of the formula R--CH.dbd.C(R.sub.1)--COOR.sub.3. The unsaturated ester is contacted with a basic catalyst to cyclize it to the cyclic dione ester of the formula ##STR3## and this ester is then hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to give the product ##STR4## wherein: R is selected, e.g.

Abstract: Retinoid like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 independently are hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkenyl, A and B independently are hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkenyl, SR.sub.4 or OR.sub.4 where R.sub.4 is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkenyl; Y is selected from a group consisting of furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl; E is lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower cycloalkyl, lower branched chain alkyl, or is characterized by the formula (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 0-5, and Z is H, OH, OR.sub.5, OCOR.sub.5, --COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or amide thereof, --CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.6, CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.6, or --CHO, CH(OR.sub.7).sub.2, CHOR.sub.8 O, or COR.sub.9, CR.sub.9 (OR.sub.7).sub.2, CR.sub.9 OR.sub.8 O where R.sub.5 is lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.6 is lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.7 is lower alkyl, R.sub.

Abstract: Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) formation of copper oxide superconductor materials. Various source reagents of Group II elements suitable for high temperature superconductor (HTSC) material formation are described, including beta-diketonates, cyclopentadienyls, alkyls, perfluoroalkyls, alkoxides, perfluoroalkoxides, and Schiff bases, as well as complexes of such Group II compounds, utilizing monodentate or multidentate ligands to provide additional coordination to the Group IIA atom, so that the resulting complex is of enhanced volatility characteristics, and enhanced suitability for MOCVD applications. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing such compounds and complexes, including a method of making Group II metal beta-diketonate compounds having enhanced thermal stability characteristics. Further disclosed are a vertical inverted reactor for chemical vapor deposition, and various methods of processing applied metal oxide films for enhanced HTSC character.

Abstract: Processes, intermediates, and products involved in preparing cyclohexanediones of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed. An aldehyde of the formula R--CHO is reacted with a ketene type compound of the formula (R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)C.dbd.C.dbd.O at a temperature below about 110.degree. C. to give a polymer having the repeating unit ##STR2## wherein n ranges from about 2 to about 1,000. The polymer is hydrolyzed with alcoholic or aqueous base to produce a mixture of an unsaturated acid of the formula R--CH.dbd.C(R.sub.1)--COOH and a hydroxy ester or acid of the formula R--CH(OH)C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--COOR.sub.3, the mixture is then contacted with an esterifying agent to convert the acids to esters. The ester mixture is contacted with a dehydrating agent to convert the hydroxy ester to unsaturated ester of the formula R--CH.dbd.C(R.sub.1)--COOR.sub.3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of alkali metal salt complexes of the formula (M.sub.x X.nL).sub.y, where M is an alkali metal, e.g. lithium, X is an anion, e.g. halide or thiocyanate, L is an organic electron-donating ligand (Lewis base), x is the valency of the anion X, n is usually 1,2 or 4 and y is an integer, by the in situ reaction of an alkali metal or an alkali metal hydride or alkyl, for example lithium, lithium hydride or butyl lithium, and an anhydrous ammonium salt comprising the anion X, e.g. an anhydrous ammonium halide, the reaction being performed in solution in an anhydrous solvent in the presence of the ligand (L).

Abstract: A compound of formula: ##STR1## wherein W represents one or two substituents selected from halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy, or W represents a bidentate group linking adjacent carbon atoms selected from alkylene and alkylenedioxy; Z represents a fluoroalkyl group of up to two carbon atoms; Y represents a substituted aryl group where such substituent is selected from halo, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy and arylamino; and either X' is hydrogen and X is selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and aryloxy, or X and X' together represent a second bond between the adjacent carbon atoms. The compounds have useful insecticidal properties.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I or Ia ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkenyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, aryloxy, fluoroalkyl, halogenoaryl, alkynyl, trialkylsilyl or a heteroaromatic radical,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, in addition to hydrogen, have the meanings given under R.sup.1 andR.sup.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, can be obtained in a one-stage process by reaction of a compound II ##STR2## with (substituted) cyclopentadiene in the presence of a base. The compounds I and Ia are suitable as ligands for metallocene complexes which are used as catalysts in olefin polymerization.

Abstract: Macrocyclic enediynediols and enediynediones having a ten carbon ring and open chain enediyne dihydroperoxides having eight carbons between the hydroperoxide groups that cleave DNA are disclosed, as are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Process for ring opening compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is heteroaryl or aryl, R.sup.2 is a leaving group, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl, provided that at least one of the groups R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 is other than hydrogen, by breaking the bond joining the carbon atom attached to R.sup.3 and the carbon atom attached to R.sup.6 in organic solution using silica, giving useful diene or allyl derivatives, certain of which are novel.

Abstract: This invention relates to (R)-.alpha.-methyl-4-halobenzenemethanamine salts of epimers of acids of the formula ##STR1## and the use of these salts to separate these epimers. These acids are leukotriene antagonists.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of tertiary N,N-dimethylamines by the reaction of primary amines, formaldehyde, and hydrogen under pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of a nickel-containing hydrogenation catalyst in the liquid phase. The hydrogenation catalyst is suspended in a solvent, the nickel concentration is 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the primary amine. The starting materials are separate from each other, brought to 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. and 1 to 15 MPa and fed into the catalyst suspension simultaneously with stirring and reacted in one step to form the tertiary N,N-dimethylamines.

Abstract: Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl; n is 0-5; and B is H, --COOH and its esters, amides and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, --CHO and its acetal derivatives, --COR.sub.1 and its ketal derivatives where R.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.3 where n is defined above, or --CH.sub.2 OH and its ether and acyl ester derivatives; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Abstract: Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl; n is 0-5; and B is H, --COOH and its esters, amides and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, --CHO and its acetal derivatives, --COR.sub.1 and its ketal derivatives where R.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.3 where n is defined above, or --CH.sub.2 OH and its ether and acyl ester derivatives; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Abstract: A process for iodinating aromatic compounds by reacting an aromatic compound with oxygen at low temperatures in the presence of a non-acid catalyst containing an oxidation catalyst. The catalyst may be regenerated by heating the catalyst in the presence of oxygen.