Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-based furanic ketones with a bifunctional copper-based catalyst in the presence of a solvent to prepare alkyl furans with high yield, purity, and scalability. The alkyl furans prepared herein are useful in the preparation of surfactants.

Abstract: Provided is a single step process for producing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran from furfuryl alcohol with high conversion rate and high selectivity towards 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing dialkylfurans, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran, and other alkyl furans, such as 2-methylfuran. For example, 2,5-dimethylfuran may be produced by reducing (5-methylfuran-2-yl)methanol or 2-(chloromethyl)-5-methylfuran.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing dialkylfurans, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran, and other alkyl furans, such as 2-methylfuran. For example, 2,5-dimethylfuran may be produced by reducing (5-methylfuran-2-yl)methanol or 2-(chloromethyl)-5-methylfuran.

Abstract: A preparation method of an acidic and hydrophobic Pd/C catalytic material comprises performing a simple treatment with chlorosulfonic acid and trimethylchlorosilane, washing and drying a treatment product to obtain a modified Pd/C catalytic material. A method for preparing 2,5-methylfuran by catalyzing a carbohydrate with modified Pd/C comprises: dissolving the carbohydrate in alcohol, allowing a reaction to proceed with modified Pd/C as a catalyst and polymethylhydrosiloxane as a hydrogen donor at a temperature of 80˜140° C. for 1-5 hours, and performing centrifugation to separate the catalyst from the product. The content of the modified Pd/C content is 1-3 mol % relative to the carbohydrate; the polymethylhydrosiloxane amount is equivalent to 4-10 times the carbohydrate amount, and the carbohydrate concentration in the alcohol is 2-6 wt %.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing dialkylfurans, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran, and other alkyl furans, such as 2-methylfuran. For example, 2,5-dimethylfuran may be produced by reducing (5-methylfuran-2-yl)methanol or 2-(chloromethyl)-5-methylfuran.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing dialkylfurans, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran, and other alkyl furans, such as 2-methylfuran. For example, 2,5-dimethylfuran may be produced by hydrogenation of (5-methylfuran-2-yl) methanol or 2-(chloromethyl)-5-methylfuran in the presence of a solid supported metal catalyst having an excess of either basic or acidic sites (as determined by chemisorption of CO2 or NH3). The process could further include a urea reagent (TMU, DMPU, TMI) and an alkyl benzene.

Abstract: Provided is a method whereby a heteroaromatic ring aryl can be very rapidly methylated at a high yield. In an N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidinone, a heteroaromatic ring aryltrialkylstannan is cross-coupled with methyl iodide in the presence of a palladium complex, a phosphine ligand, a cuprous halide, a carbonic acid salt and/or an alkali metal fluoride to thereby rapidly methylate the heteroaromatic ring aryl. (Formula shows a case wherein the heteroaromatic ring aryl is a pyridyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substances, to electroluminescent device comprising these substances, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst system for catalytic fast pyrolysis comprising a cerium-incorporated HZSM-5 zeolite (Catalyst 1), and methods of making and using the same. The invention also provides a process for reducing coke formation during catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass using HZSM-5, wherein the process can include incorporating cerium into the HZSM-5 zeolite to produce Catalyst 1 prior to the catalytic fast pyrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel organic compound is represented by the following formula(A), the organic EL device employing the compound as blue emitting layer can lower driving voltage, prolong half-lifetime and increase the efficiency. Wherein m represent an integer of 0 to 8, n represent an integer of 0 to 10, p represent an integer of 0 to 7, HAr represent a hydrogen, a halide, a cyanine group, a substituted or unsusbstituted heteroaryl group system having 5 to 6 aromatic ring atoms, R1 to R4 are identical or different. R1 to R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of furan and related compounds by vapor-phase decarbonylation of furfural and derivatives, using a palladium/metal aluminate catalyst that has been promoted with an alkali carbonate, such as cesium carbonate. The use of such catalysts, which are inherently less acidic than alumina, results in improved lifetime and high productivity.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for making hydroxymethylfurfural comprising exposing a saccharide, e.g. glucose or fructose, to a metal complex of an N-heterocyclic carbene.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of furan and related compounds by vapor-phase decarbonylation of furfural and derivatives, using a palladium/metal aluminate catalyst. The use of such catalysts, which are inherently less acidic than alumina, results in improved lifetime and high productivity. The compounds so produced can be used as starting materials for industrial chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals, herbicides, stabilizers, and polymers such as polyether ester elastomers and polyurethane elastomers.

Abstract: Described is a process to produce hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) from biomass-derived sugars. The process includes the steps of reacting a C5 and/or C6 sugar-containing reactant derived from biomass in a monophasic or biphasic reaction solution comprising water and a co-solvent. The co-solvent can be beta-, gamma-, and/or delta-lactones derived from biomass, tetrahydrofuran (THF) derived from biomass, and/or methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) derived from biomass. The reaction takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst and a dehydration catalyst for a time and under conditions such that at least a portion of glucose or fructose present in the reactant is converted to HMF.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of furan and related compounds by liquid-phase decarbonylation of furfural and derivatives, using a palladium/metal aluminate catalyst. The compounds so produced can be used as starting materials for industrial chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals, herbicides, stabilizers, and polymers such as polyether ester elastomers and polyurethane elastomers.

Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, especially, xylose, which can then be chemically converted to furfural and furfural-derived products.

Abstract: A method of performing a chemical reaction includes reacting a compound selected from the group consisting of an organohalide and an organo-pseudohalide, and a protected organoboronic acid represented by formula (I) in a reaction mixture: R1—B-T??(I); where R1 represents an organic group, T represents a conformationally rigid protecting group, and B represents boron having sp3 hybridization. When unprotected, the corresponding organoboronic acid is unstable by the boronic acid neat stability test. The reaction mixture further includes a base having a pKB of at least 1 and a palladium catalyst. The method further includes forming a cross-coupled product in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Process for converting cellulose and hemicellulose into dimethyl furan, hydrolysing first cellulose in a mixture of N alkyl imidazolium chloride, hydrochloric acid 37% and an alcohol, to produce an acetal of glucose, making the dehydration to an acetal of hydroxymethyl furfural, extracting and making the hydrogenation of this acetal and distilling to produce dimethyl furan.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula (C): (wherein R101 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, R102, R103, R104 and R105 may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R106 represents a hydrogen atom, or a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group which is a straight or branched chain having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, but excluded is the case where R101 is a 3-furyl group, R102, R103, R104 and R105 are all methyl groups, and R106 is a methyl group, a 4-methyl-3-pentenyl group or a 4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadienyl group); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has selective inhibitory activity on hypoxic cell growth in a broad range of the concentration and therefore is useful as an active ingredient of a medicament for cancer prevention or treatment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to make liquid fuels from renewable, carbon neutral precursors. Specifically, methods to prepare 2,5-dimethylfuran from a source of fructose or other carbohydrates using a one-pot synthesis are provided. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods avoid the isolation of intermediates, and employ “green” reagents like formic acid and acetic acid.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of furan and related compounds by vapor-phase decarbonylation of furfural and derivatives, using a palladium/metal aluminate catalyst that has been promoted with an alkali carbonate, such as cesium carbonate. The use of such catalysts, which are inherently less acidic than alumina, results in improved lifetime and high productivity.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of furan and related compounds by liquid-phase decarbonylation of furfural and derivatives, using a palladium/metal aluminate catalyst. The compounds so produced can be used as starting materials for industrial chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals, herbicides, stabilizers, and polymers such as polyether ester elastomers and polyurethane elastomers.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a half-sandwich chromium complex, an activator support and an optional cocatalyst. A compound of formula Cp?Cr(Cl)2(Ln), where Cp? is ?5-C5H4CH2CH2CH?CH2 and Ln is pyridine, THF or diethylether. A compound of formula Cp?Cr(Cl)2(Ln), where Cp? is ?5-C5H4C(Me)2CH2CH2CH?CH2 and Ln is pyridine, THF or diethylether.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel benzophenone derivatives represented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof, a pharmacological composition containing the same, and a use of the composition as therapeutic drugs. The benzophenone derivatives have an inhibition activity of microtubule formation and can be used to treat a normal proliferative state of a malignant tumor by killing the actively proliferating cells.

Abstract: Provided is a method whereby a heteroaromatic ring aryl can be very rapidly methylated at a high yield. In an N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidinone, a heteroaromatic ring aryltrialkylstannan is cross-coupled with methyl iodide in the presence of a palladium complex, a phosphine ligand, a cuprous halide, a carbonic acid salt and/or an alkali metal fluoride to thereby rapidly methylate the heteroaromatic ring aryl. (Formula shows a case wherein the heteroaromatic ring aryl is a pyridyl group.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to make liquid fuels from renewable, carbon neutral precursors. Specifically, methods to prepare 2,5-dimethylfuran from a source of fructose or other carbohydrates using a one-pot synthesis are provided. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods avoid the isolation of intermediates, and employ “green” reagents like formic acid and acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenolysis of a furfuryl derivative to 2-methylfuran derivative, comprising: (a) contacting under liquid phase conditions a solution of the furfuryl derivative in a solvent having a boiling point above the boiling point of furfuryl derivative with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation compound to form a 2-methylfuran derivative and water, at a temperature and pressure suitable to maintain the furfuryl derivative in the solvent in the liquid phase, and (b) continuously distilling the 2-methylfuran derivative from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: This application discloses a novel process for the preparation of 1,2-substituted 3,4-dioxo-1-cyclobutene compounds, which have utility, for example, in the treatment of CXC chemokine-mediated diseases, and intermediates useful in the synthesis thereof.

Abstract: A compound for an organic thin film transistor having a structure shown by the following formula (1): X1-L-Ar-L-X2??(1) wherein L is —C?C—, or —CH?CH— in a trans configuration, X1 and X2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, and their bonding positions to L are in heterocycles, Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, and at least one of X1, X2 and Ar is a bi- or higher-fused ring.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device, which has, between a pair of electrodes, at least one organic layer including a light-emitting layer, in which the organic layer contains a specific tetraphenylene compound, and in which the light-emitting layer contains a phosphorescent material; and a specific tetraphenylene compound that can be used in the device.

Abstract: A novel epoxy compound represented by the following general formula (I), and a production process thereof, is provided: Y—(CH2)3—Si(OR1)nR23-n??(I) (wherein, Y is represented by any of the following formulas: wherein, R1 and R2 represent alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or trialkylsilyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a trialkylsilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R6 to R12 represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or trialkylsilyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R13 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a trialkylsilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group).

Abstract: Charged and neutral small fluorescent molecules based upon the styryl scaffold are useful as imaging agents for misfolded proteins such as amyloid plaque. Charged molecules are prepared using pyrrolidine catalyzed reactions by solution-phase synthesis. Neutral styryl molecules are prepared using acetic anhydride catalyzed reactions, Horner-Emmons reactions or Wittig reactions.

Abstract: We disclose a method of extracting an alcohol or furan from a predominantly liquid stream comprising the alcohol or furan, comprising removing cations from the predominantly liquid stream comprising the alcohol or furan, using a cation-exchange resin; removing anions from the predominantly liquid stream comprising the alcohol or furan, using an anion-exchange resin; and recovering alcohol or furan from the predominantly liquid stream comprising the alcohol or furan, using either a vapor permeation membrane, a perevaporation process, or both.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for producing fuels and fuel precursors from carbohydrates. In an embodiment the invention includes a method of producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), including contacting a saccharide with a metal oxide catalyst at a temperature of greater than about 100 degrees Celsius. In an embodiment the invention includes a method of producing a biofuel including contacting a saccharide with a metal oxide catalyst at a temperature of greater than about 100 degrees Celsius. Other embodiments are also described herein.

Abstract: A method of performing a chemical reaction includes reacting a compound selected from the group consisting of an organohalide and an organo-pseudohalide, and a protected organoboronic acid represented by formula (I) in a reaction mixture: R1—B-T ??(I); where R1 represents an organic group, T represents a conformationally rigid protecting group, and B represents boron having sp3 hybridization. When unprotected, the corresponding organoboronic acid is unstable by the boronic acid neat stability test. The reaction mixture further includes a base having a pKB of at least 1 and a palladium catalyst. The method further includes forming a cross-coupled product in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Provide that a useful catalyst for homogeneous hydrogenation, particularly a catalyst for homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation for hydrogenation, particularly asymmetric hydrogenation, which is obtainable with comparative ease and is excellent in economically and workability, and a process for producing a hydrogenated compound of an unsaturated compound, particularly an optically active compound using said catalyst with a high yield and optical purity.

Abstract: The object is to provide a light-emitting transistor material which is high in both luminescent property and mobility when used as a light-emitting transistor device. A light-emitting transistor device is provided in which light emission of a specific pyrene-based organic compound is used for a light-emitting layer of a transistor device.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the construction of unsymmetrical biaryl compounds and alkylated aromatic compounds from arylnitriles using a nickel or palladium catalyzed coupling in which the catalyst has at least one phosphine or phosphite ligand.

Abstract: A new composition, SbVPO6+?, in which 0??? 1.5, has been prepared. Crystals of the compound have been grown by several methods, and the crystal structure has been determined. It is related in structure to vanadyl pyrophosphate (VPO), an important selective oxidation catalyst. The compound has shown utility as an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of formula II: wherein Alk, Z, X1, X2, R1, —R10 and R11 are defined herein, and their salts and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, as well as other compounds of the general formula Het-A-Alk-W-Ar-C(X2)?NO-X2 where Het, A, W and Ar are also defined herein. These compounds are useful in treating picornavirus infections in mammals. Novel intermediates of these compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use, are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel benzofuran derivatives, to processes for preparing them and to their uses in medicaments.

Abstract: Modified lead/bismuth/molybdate catalysts containing vanadium, copper, or gold have been prepared, and are selective to the corresponding furan compound from the gas phase oxidation of an unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon such as butadiene.

Abstract: Primary intermediates for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): where R1 and R2 are each individually selected from a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group, a C1 to C5 mono or dihydroxyalkyl group, phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with an alkoxy group, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine, piperidine, imidazole, or morpholine ring.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: Primary intermediates for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): where R1 and R2 are each individually selected from a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group, a C1 to C5 mono or dihydroxyalkyl group, phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with an alkoxy group, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine, piperidine, imidazole, or morpholine ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to new alkoximinoacetic acid amides, a process for their preparation and their use as agents for combating pests.