Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing carbamates comprising reacting carbonic acid diester with ammonia or amines in a liquid phase in the presence of at least 1 mole % of water based on carbonic acid diester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method for unsaturated carbamic acid esters by allowing an unsaturated amide compound to react with a metallic base in an inert solvent, followed by a reaction with a halogenated formic acid ester.The invention also provides a manufacturing method of unsaturated carbamic acid esters by allowing an urethane derivative to react with a metallic base in an inert solvent, followed by a reaction with an unsaturated acid halide.

Abstract: A physical property-improving reagent which comprises an alkenoylcarbamate compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X is an oxygen atom (--O--), a sulfur atom (--S--) or a substituted or unsubstituted imino group (--NR'--), R' being a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and Y is the residue of an active hydrogen atom-containing compound excluding --X--H therefrom dissolved in an organic solvent having a solubility parameter of not less than 8, which can impart excellent physical properties to a polymer produced with the same.

Abstract: The present application discloses pesticidally active compounds of formula I:QQ.sup.1 CR.sup.1 .dbd.CR.sup.2 CR.sup.3 .dbd.CR.sup.4 C(.dbd.X.sup.1)NR.sup.5 R.sup.6or a salt thereof, wherein Q is an monocyclic aromatic ring, or Q is a dihalovinyl group or a group R.sup.7 --C.dbd.C-- where R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, tri C.sub.1-4 alkylsilyl, halogen or hydrogen; Q.sup.1 is a 1,2-cyclopropyl ring optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from C.sub.1-3 alkyl, halo, C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl, alkynyl, or cyano; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different with at least one being hydrogen and the others being independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl; X.sup.1 is oxygen or sulphur; R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-8 hydrocarbyl optionally substituted, halo, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; and R.sup.6 is selected from:(A) --Y.dbd.X.sup.2 --(R.sup.8).sub.a where X.sup.2 is O or S, Y is carbon, R.sup.8 is hydrogen, C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a .omega.-(O-substituted urethano)alkylcarboxylate, wherein a lactam having from 4 to 9 ring members, which can have alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl groups containing up to 12 carbon atoms as substituents, is reacted with a carbonic diester of an alkanol, alkenol, cycloalkanol, or aralkanol containing up to 16 carbon atoms, at a temperature of from 25.degree. to 300.degree. C. in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a base.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 and the NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 group are in a cis-position to each other and wherein Y is OH, R.sup.4 COO, (R.sup.5).sub.2 NCOO or R.sup.6 O either in position 5 or position 7, whereby R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms or a possibly substituted phenyl group, R.sup.5 is an alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms and R.sup.6 is an allyl or benzyl group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a phenylalkyl- or m-hydroxyphenylalkyl group with 2-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl part, or an alkenyl group with 3-6 carbon atoms other than 1-alkenyl, and R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms, processes and intermediates for their preparation, pharmaceutical preparations and methods of treatment employing such compounds. The compounds are useful for therapeutic purposes, especially for treatment of disorders in the central nervous system.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of H, an amine protective group, and a moiety of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are independently selected from H and an amine protective group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from H, lower alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, CH.sub.2 OR, CH.sub.2 SR or CH(CH.sub.3)OR;R=H, propargyl lower alkyl, arylalkyl or aryl;wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 can be joined to form a ring; and wherein when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are both H, the compound is either in free base form or in salt form.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing urethanes and carbonates from an amine or an alcohol, carbon dioxide and a hydrocarbyl halide. The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide in a suitable solvent system and in the presence of an amidine or guanidine base, to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted in a polar aprotic solvent with a hydrocarbyl halide. Polymer products can also be prepared utilizing this process or utilizing the resulting urethanes and carbonates under standard polymerization conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-disubstituted mono- and oligourethanes by the reaction of N-aromatically, N-aliphatically, N-cycloaliphatically, and N-araliphatically substituted mono- and oligourethanes with dialkyl carbonates in the presence of at least stoichiometrically equivalent quantities of solid alkali or alkaline-earth carbonate in excess dialkyl carbonate and/or an aprotic organic solvent and in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel polymerizable substituted amide compound which are derived from the isocyanate compounds and which are useful in the preparation of nonlinear optical materials. The polymerizable substituted amide compounds of the present invention are represented by the formula; ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 respectively represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, A represents --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- in which X represents an oxygen atom or --NH-- and n is an integer of 1 to 6, and m shows 0 or 1. The present invention also provides a homo- or co-polymer derived from the polymerizable substituted amide compound. The present invention further provides a nonlinear optical composition containing the homo- or co-polymer.

Abstract: Processes for producing carbamates comprise contacting a first reactant selected from primary amine components, secondary amine components, urea components and mixtures thereof; carbon monoxide; at least one organic hydroxyl component and at least one oxygen-containing oxidizing agent in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising at least one metal macrocyclic complex, preferably in the further presence of a halogen component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method for unsaturated carbamic acid esters by allowing an unsaturated amide compound to react with a metallic base in an inert solvent, followed by a reaction with a halogenated formic acid ester.The invention also provides a manufacturing method of unsaturated carbamic acid esters by allowing an urethane derivative to react with a metallic base in an inert solvent, followed by a reaction with an unsaturated acid halide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing isocyanates which comprises reacting an N-halogenated amide with an organic base in an essentially water-free modified Hofmann reaction using a soluble silver salt promoter in the presence of an organic solvent. Also disclosed is a process for producing a carbamate which comprises reacting an N-halogenated amide with an organic base in an essentially water-free modified Hofmann reaction using a soluble silver salt promoter in the presence of an alcohol solvent.

Abstract: Fungicidal substituted amino acid amides of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar and Ar' are identical or different and represent unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl and unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl, andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or alkyl orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a cycloalkyl ring.

Abstract: The compound of the formula ##STR1## (wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meanings given in the description), salts thereof with pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acids, process and intermediates for the preparation thereof and a pharmaceutical composition containing said compound are described.The compounds of formula I and the salts thereof are useful in the treatment of heart and renal diseases.

Abstract: An antimicrobial polymerizable compound and polymers resulting therefrom, the compound being ##STR1## wherein A is any polymerizable group; Q is phenylene; and R is --(CF.sub.2).sub.y CF.sub.3 wherein y=1-20, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --O--C.sub.x H.sub.2x+1 wherein x=1-25, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n (CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.3 O).sub.m (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.p T wherein T=--H or any branched or unbranched C.sub.1-20 alkyl and n, m, and p=0-99 and m+n+p.gtoreq.1, --CHR'COOH wherein R' is H or any naturally occurring amino acid side chain, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x COOH, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n --(CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.3 O).sub.m (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.p --CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --O--C--COH.dbd.CH.sub.2. The resulting polymers are useful in any variety of applications requiring an antimicrobial agent or an active sanitizer or disinfectant including caulks, mortars, films and coatings, adhesives and the like.

Abstract: N,N-disubstituted monourethanes and oligourethanes are produced by reacting (a) N-aliphatically and/or N-cycloaliphatically and/or N-araliphatically substituted monourethanes and/or oligourethanes with an alkylating agent in the presence of a solid alkali metal hydroxide. No solvent need by employed but if a solvent is used, that solvent should be an aprotic organic solvent. The alkali metal hydroxide must be used in an equivalent amount. A phase transfer catalyst may optionally be employed. The N,N-disubstituted urethanes obtained by this process are useful in the production of dyes, pharmaceutical products and thermostable synthetic materials.

Abstract: Novel amino acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a protecting group removable under reducing or acid conditions, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or carboxylic protecting groups, are useful as intermediates in preparing stereospecific carbapenam/carbapenem derivatives. R.sup.1 is removed under reducing conditions to form a pyrrolidine derivative, which is further cyclized from the R.sup.5 .dbd.H compound to form a .beta.-lactam ring. Stereospecificity at the 6-position is achieved by treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and quenching at different temperatures. Compound (I) can be prepared by treating R.sup.1 -protected R.sup.3 -pyrrolidone carboxylic acid R.sup.2 -ester with a lithium enolate of the formula R.sup.4 CHLiCO.sub.2 R.sup.5. The lithium enolate can be formed from R.sup.4 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sup.5 by treatment with LDA.

Abstract: This invention relates to insecticidal compositions containing N'-substituted-N,N'-disubstitutedhydrazines, methods of using such compositions and N'-substituted-N, N'-disubstitutedhydrazines. Specifically, the invention relates to insect growth regulating compositions, and methods of using such compositions, which include compounds having a nucleus of the formula ##STR1## where A', B', D and J are independently any atom or group of atoms; where E is a tertiary carbon containing organic radical, a haloalkyl having a total of at least four carbon and halogen atoms but not more than six halogen atoms, or a non-tertiary carbon containing non-haloalkyl organic or organometallic radical having at least five atoms other than hydrogen, oxygen and halogen, and is attached to the nitrogen shown in the formula by a carbon-to-nitrogen single bond; where one G.sub.1 is C, N, O and S, and both G.sub.2 's and the other G.sub.1 are carbon; or one G.sub.2 is S or P, and both G.sub.1 's and the other G.sub.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenylalkyl or alkylphenylalkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together complete a heterocyclic moiety of the formula: ##STR2## in which X is ##STR3## NR.sup.5,--O-- or --S--; where R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are, independently hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, in which the substituents are halogeno, alkoxy or trifluoromethyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl of gemdialkyl and n is one of the integers 0, 1 or 2, are cholesterol ester hydrolase inhibitors useful in the treatment of high serum cholesterol levels and associated disease states in the mammal such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, familial hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipemia, and the like.

Abstract: The alkyl esters of N-carboalkyloxy-11-aminoundecanoic acids have the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is linear or branched C.sub.7-30 alkyl, linear or branched C.sub.4-22 alkenyl or a radical of formula: ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 5R" is H or linear or branched C.sub.1-9 alkyl, andR' is linear C.sub.10-18 alkyl.These esters, and esters wherein R is additionally hydrogen or C.sub.1-6, have an application as thickening agents in organic media particularly in the cosmetic field.

Abstract: A process for producing carbamic acid esters (N-phenyl carbamate) which comprises reacting an amino group-containing compound (aniline), oxygen, a nitro group-containing compound (nitrobenzene), a carbon monoxide-containing gas and a hydroxyl group-containing organic compound (ethyl alcohol) in the presence of a compound of a transition metal belonging to Pt group of VIII group (Pd) of the Periodic Table as catalyst, a non-metal halide (HCl) and water.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is O, CR.sub.7 R.sub.8, S or NR.sub.9 wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen, or lower alkyl, and R.sub.9 is lower alkyl;n is 0 or 1;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, monoorganosilyl, diorganosilyl, triorganosilyl, halogen, aryl, or nitro;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, monoorganosilyl, diorganosilyl, triorganosilyl, halogen, 9-fluorenylalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl;R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, or aryl or one of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is 9-fluorenyl;R.sub.6 is H or COZ wherein Z is an amino acid, a peptide residue or a leaving group; andwith the provisos that when n is 0 and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen, halogen or nitro; that when n is 0 and R.sub.3 is lower alkyl, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen; and that when X is O or CR.sub.7 R.sub.8 wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are H, that R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparation of urethanes by reacting an organic hydroxyl group-containing compound and carbon monoxide with a primary amine and oxygen in the presence of a non-noble metal or lanthanide metal catalyst system, particularly a cerium catalyst.

Abstract: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine wherein the amino group is protected with a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl group, or a derivative thereof can be produced by reacting 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine with a boron compound or phosphorus compound to stabilize the hydroxyl groups, followed by introduction of a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl group thereinto.

Abstract: New compounds N-.alpha.-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-aspartic acid-.beta.-1-adamantyl esters are stable under the basic condition of the normal peptide condensation process and do not form succinimide. Peptides containing aspartic acid can be synthesized with high purity and at high yields by using N-.alpha.-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-aspartic acid-.beta.-1-adamantyl ester.

Abstract: Methylenedi(phenylurethane), MDU, is selectively prepared by condensing an alkyl N-phenylcarbamate with a methylenating agent, e.g., formaldehyde or a precursor thereof, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of the protonic acid, hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: Process for producing urethanes, by reacting an organic hydroxyl group containing compound and carbon monoxide, either (i) with an organic nitro group containing compound, e.g. nitrobenzene, or (ii) with a primary amine, e.g. aniline, and oxygen, the reacting in both cases being carried out in the presence of a non-noble metal catalyst system comprising a copper catalyst, preferably mixed with a promoter such as a nitrogen or phosphorous containing organic compound for the (i) nitro compound reaction, or an alkali salt for the (ii) amine reaction, e.g. at 200-8000 psig and 100.degree.-300.degree. C., using 0.05-0.4 mole copper catalyst and 0.01-10 moles promoter per mole (i) nitro compound or (ii) amine, and 2-500 moles carbon monoxide, and (in the case of the (ii) amine) 0.5-5 moles oxygen, per mole of the (i) nitro compound or (ii) amine.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: M is an alkali or alkaline-earth metal or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group;X is a group selected from --CH.sub.2 --, --CO--, --CH.sub.2 --CO--, --CH(CH.sub.3)--CO--,p is 0 or 1;Ar is a simple or condensed aromatic ring or Ar represents two or more aromatic nuclei bonded either by a simple bond or by an --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, --CO--, --CS--, or --NH-- group;y is H or CH.sub.3 ;m is 1 when Y=--CH.sub.3, or an integer from 1 to 5 (including both values) when Y=H; n is a number ranging from 1 to 500 (including both values); andZ is H; a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl; benzyl; glycidyl; acetyl; allyl; --CO--NH--R or --CO--NH--R.sub.1 --NCO group.

Abstract: Substituted amino derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each stand for an acyclic hydrocarbon residue or an alicyclic hydrocarbon residue; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each stand for hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue optionally containing hetero-atom(s); A stands for a carbon chain having two or more carbon atoms optionally containing ether linkage or sulfide linkage, which may be substituted and which may per se form a ring; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each stand for oxygen atom or sulfur atom; and Y stands for amino group or an organic residue bonded through nitrogen atom, which may form a ring by combining with a carbon atom constituting A; and their salts have anti-arrhythmic activity and are useful for prevention and treatment of a variety of arrhythmias.

Abstract: An improved for preparing N-substituted carbamate comprising reaction of a selected olefin or alcohol with a carbamate in the presence of a catalyst comprising a blend of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer and a perfluorinated polymer diluent in a substantially nonpolar reaction mixture.

Abstract: New 8-substituted 2-aminotetralins can be prepared from the corresponding aminotetralins or tetralones. They can be used in medicaments.

Abstract: New aspartic acid derivatives include N-.alpha.-t-butoxycarbonyl-aspartic acid-.beta.-2-adamantyl ester-.alpha.-benzyl ester, N-.alpha.-t-butoxycarbonyl-aspartic acid-.beta.-2-adamantyl ester and benzyloxycarbonyl-aspartic acid-.beta.-2-adamantyl ester-.alpha.-benzyl ester.

Abstract: A physical property-improving reagent which comprises an alkenoylcarbamate compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X is an oxygen atom (--O--), a sulfur atom (--S--) or a substituted or unsubstituted imino group (--NR'--), R' being a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and Y is the residue of an active hydrogen atom-containing compound excluding --X-H therefrom dissolved in an organic solvent having a solubility parameter of not less than 8, which can impact excellent physical properties to a polymer produced with the same.

Abstract: The present compounds have a high herbicidal activity against various problematic weeds in soil treatment and foliage treatment in plow field as well as in treatment under flooded condition in paddy field, and besides they exhibit a high selectivity to the weeds from the main crops, so that they can be used in various applications as an active ingredient for herbicides.

Abstract: Sulfur-substituted alkenyl compounds, synthesis thereof, intermediates therefor, and the use of the compounds to control pests.

Abstract: Novel amino acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a protecting group removable under reducing or acid conditions, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or carboxylic protecting groups, are useful as intermediates in preparing stereospecific carbapenam/carbapenem derivatives. R.sup.1 is removed under reducing conditions to form a pyrrolidine derivative, which is further cyclized from the R.sup.5 .dbd.H compound to form a .beta.-lactam ring. Stereospecificity at the 6-position is achieved by treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and quenching at different termperatures. Compound (I) can be prepared by treating R.sup.1 -protected R.sup.3 -pyrrolidone carboxylic acid R.sup.2 -ester with a lithium enolate of the formula R.sup.4 CHLiCO.sub.2 R.sup.5. The lithium enolate can be formed from R.sup.4 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sup.5 by treatment with LDA.

Abstract: New 8-substituted 2-aminotetralins can be prepared from the corresponding aminotetralins or tetralones. They can be used in medicaments.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing monoalkylcarbamate group-containing compounds comprising reacting a hydroxy group-containing compound with an organic halide and an alkali metal cyanate in the conjoint presence of a phase transfer catalyst and a solvent.

Abstract: A complex of an azo compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --COCR.sub.4.sup.3, --COCHR.sub.2.sup.4, --CO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 R.sup.4, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 R.sup.4)2, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, --CONHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 R.sup.4 and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCOHN.sub.2, R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, ##STR2## --NHCO.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, --HNCO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --NHOH, --NHCONHOH and --NHCH.sub.3 ; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## --NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Cl, --NHCONHOH, --NHCO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5, 6-mercapropurin, 5-fluoruracil and prenissolin, R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --COCHR.sub.2.sup.4, --SO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --COC.sub.2 H.sub.5, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 R.sub.4 and --CONH.sub.2, R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4-amino-butanoic acid derivatives of general formula: ##STR1## in which: M represents an alkali metal atom,R represents a protected amino group,R.sub.1 represents a labile group,R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, a branched- or straight-chain alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a lower methyloxyalkyl, a lower methylthioalkyl, a lower (lower alkyl)-aminoalkyl, a lower di-(lower alkyl)-aminoalkyl or a lower hydroxyalkyl radical or R.sub.2 represents one of the radicals of general formulae:Cy--A--, Cy--O--A'--, R--A'-- or R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote alkyl, OH, CF.sub.3 or cyanoethyl, A preferably denotes --COOH, R.sub.3 denotes inter alia alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, fairly high-molecular (>C.sub.12) alkoxy, alkylcarbonylalkoxy or nitrobenzyloxy, are valuable herbicides and growth regulators.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel (acyloxyalkoxy)carbonyl derivatives as bioreversible prodrug moieties for primary and secondary amine functions in drugs having a primary or secondary amine function thereon. Hydrolytic enzymes are used to trigger the regeneration of the parent amine drug of the carbamate prodrug moiety. The case also contains pharmaceutical composition, method of treatment and process claims.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of isocyanates and of isocyanate derivatives. Isocyanates are obtained by reacting an organic halide with a metal cyanate in an organic medium in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a complex of nickel with at least one organic ligand, in which complex the nickel is in the zero oxidation state.A carbamate or a urea, respectively, are obtained by a subsequent reaction with a hydroxy compound or a primary or secondary amine.Isocyanates and their derivatives are used especially either as refined synthesis agents for the production of pesticides and medications, or as monomers or comonomers for the preparation of many macromolecular compounds.

Abstract: Surfactants which are blocked against surfactant action (identified herein as "photolabile blocked surfactants") by a photolabile protective or masking group but which, on exposure to actinic radiation, become unblocked are provided. Coating compositions in which surfactant is formed on irradiation are provided by blending the photolabile blocked surfactant with polymeric film-forming materials.Compositions containing the photolabile blocked surfactants are useful when employed as protective coatings on various substrates or as the adhesive in a pressure sensitive adhesive tape. Although initially well adhering to a substrate, such compositions may be readily removed from the substrate following exposure of the same to suitable radiation which unblocks the surfactant to permit it to regain its surfactant activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing carbamic acid derivatives of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic radical, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a ring, and Y denotes OR, SR, ##STR2## groups, R being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 denote a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical or together form a ring, and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 denote a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical, a hydrogen atom, an alkylthio radical or an alkyloxy radical.According to the process, a compound of formula ##STR3## is reacted with an .alpha.-halogenated derivative of formula ##STR4## at a temperature of -5.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: An amino-protected L-aspartic acid, such as t-butyloxycarbonyl-beta-benzyl-L-aspartic acid, is prepared by first forming the amino-protected compound in the presence of a tertiary amine base having a pK.sub.a value of about 9 to about 12, water, and a water-immiscible polar organic solvent so as to produce a non-aqueous solution containing a salt form of amino-blocked-beta-benzyl-L-aspartic acid. The thus produced non-aqueous solution is then isolated, or next acidified and treated further to ultimately recover therefrom the amino-protected L-aspartic acid in crystalline form.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing .alpha.,.omega.-diamino acids, such as D,L-homolysine, 2,8-diaminooctanoic acid, ornithine, lysine, or the like, comprising reaction of phthalic anhydride and an amino alcohol in a hydrocarbon solvent; treatment of the resulting phthalimide--N--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH derivative, without isolation thereof, with phosphorus tribromide or phosphorous pentachloride; alkylation of diethyl acetamidomalonate with the phthalimide--N--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --chloride or --bromide of the previous step, in the presence of, particularly, sodium hydride/dimethylformamide; standard acid hydrolysis and decarboxylation; selective protection via copper(II) chelation, N-specific acylation with benzyl chloroformate, and decomposition of the amino acid-copper(II) complex with alkaline thioacetamide; standard t-butoxycarbonyl acylation; and deprotection to obtain the desired .alpha.,.omega.-diamino acids.

Abstract: Certain novel derivatives of carbamates and their use for the control of pests.

Abstract: Carbamate esters are produced by reacting at ambient or elevated temperature an amine with carbon monoxide and an alcohol in the presence of a protonic acid, a dehydrating agent, for example a molecular sieve, and a catalyst comprising (a) at least one metal selected from the group palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and cobalt, and (b) at least one of the metals copper, molybdenum and iron, the components (a) and (b) being in the form of elemental metals or compounds thereof. The presence of the dehydrating agent reduces the formation of by-product carbon dioxide.