Abstract: A process for preparing urethanes by reacting a solution of a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a hydroxyl-containing organic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising rhodium, as a metal or compound, is disclosed. In the process of this invention, the rate of conversion and selectivity to urethane is increased by providing a rhodium catalyst comprising a polyamino ligand having at least two tertiary amino groups capable of coordinating with rhodium.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which R=H, halogen, alkyl, alkyloxy, alkythio, NH.sub.2, alkylamino, dialkylamino or CF.sub.3, R.sub.3 =H or alkyl, either R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 =H and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 =H or alkyl, optionally substituted by alkenyl (2 to 4 C) or alternatively R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form together a saturated heterocyclic ring containing 4 to 7 ring members and optionally containing another heteroatom such as O, S or N optionally substituted by alkyl, or R.sub.4 =H, R.sub.1 =H or alkyl and R.sub.2 and R.sub.5 together form an alkylene (3 to 4 C) radical and (i) either A=alkyl or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents chosen from halogen, alkyl, alkyloxy, alkylthio, NH.sub.2, alkylamino, dialkylamino, NO.sub.2 or CF.sub.3 or alternatively A=pyridyl, benzyl or cycloalkyl (3 to 6C), Y=S, SO or SO.sub.2 or a radical: ##STR2## in which R.sub.6 =H or alkyl and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel bicyclooxyaryl thioureas are provided together with methods for their preparation and use as the active toxicant in pesticidal compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## are suitable as curing accelerators which can be incorporated into ethylenically unsaturated, cold-curable resins.

Abstract: A process for producing a urethane compound which comprises reacting at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine and a urea compound with carbon monoxide and an organic hydroxyl compound in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:(a) at least one member selected from the group consisting of platinum group metals and compounds containing at least one platinum group element; and(b) at least one halogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline earth metal halides, onium halides, compounds capable of forming onium halides in the reaction, oxo acids of halogen atoms and their salts, complex compounds containing halogen ions, organic halides and halogen molecules,in the presence of molecular oxygen and/or an organic nitro compound as an oxidizing agent at a temperature of from about 80.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. under a pressure of from about 1 Kg/cm.sup.2 to about 500 Kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: An optically active alpha-amino acid derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X is OH, Cl, Br, I, or OCOR.sub.3 ;Y is a radical selected to stabilize the alpha carbon atom of the alpha-amino acid derivative sufficiently to prevent significant change in symmetry thereof during replacement of X with an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenaryl or alkynaryl radical, or such radical having one or more chemical constituents thereon; andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different from one another and are each hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenaryl, or alkynaryl radical, or such radical having one or more non-protic chemical constituents thereon is conventionally synthesized from the corresponding alpha-amino acid. The ##STR2## portion of the above derivative is converted to a ketone functionality without racemization.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing urethanes by reacting a solution of a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a hydroxyl-containing organic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst comprising a bis phosphine ligand.

Abstract: A process for preparing urethanes by reacting a solution of a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a hydroxyl-containing organic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a halide-free ruthenium catalyst is disclosed. In the process of this invention, the rate of conversion and selectivity to urethane is increased by providing a primary amine in the reaction solution.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote alkyl, CF.sub.3, benzyl cyclohexyl, cyanoethyl, phenyl or OH and A denotes, inter alia, the groups --CO--, CHOH or CH--NH.sub.2 and --COR.sub.3 denotes a carboxyl, carboxylic ester or carboxamido group, are active herbicides.

Abstract: Urethanes are made by reacting an organic nitro compound with an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group in the presence of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst system. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen are used in quantities such that the molar ratio of CO to H.sub.2 is from 0.3:1 to 3:1. The catalyst system is made up of at least one noble metal or compound of a noble metal from Group VIIIB of the Periodic System of Elements, at least one organic nitrogen base and a co-catalyst combination of iron or copper oxidic or hydroxidic compound and a chloride compound. The product urethanes are useful in the production of isocyanates and pesticides.

Abstract: Urethanes are made by reacting a primary amine with carbon monoxide and a compound containing at least one hydroxyl group in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a catalyst system. The catalyst system is made up of (i) a noble metal and/or a noble metal compound of a metal of the Eighth Secondary Group of the Periodic System of Elements and (ii) an oxidizing quinoid and/or a compound capable of being converted to an oxidizing quinoid compound under the reaction conditions. The catalyst system may optionally include (iii) metal compounds of elements of the Third to Fifth Main Groups and/or First to Eighth Secondary Groups of the Periodic System of Elements and/or (iv) a tertiary amine. This reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of from 100.degree. to 300.degree. C. and at a pressure of from 5 to 500 bars. The product urethanes are useful in the production of isocyanates and pesticides.

Abstract: N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid (Z-Asp) crystals several times larger than those obtained by conventional crystallization are prepared by acidifying an alkaline aqueous solution of a metal salt of Z-Asp at high temperatures of between about 20.degree. to 45.degree. C. The resulting large crystals contain less moisture and less impurities such as sodium chloride, dipeptide and benzyl alcohol, etc. than those crystals obtained at lower temperatures and they are easily processed for preparing aspartame.

Abstract: The invention relates to new carbamyloxybenzhydrol derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, trihalomethyl, alkyl having from one to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy having from one to 4 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 is hydrogen or an R.sub.3 --NH--COO-- group;R.sub.3 is alkyl having from one to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having up to 7 carbon atoms, or phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more halogen(s).The compounds of the formula (I) show antilipaemic activity and can therefore be used in therapy for treating hyperlipaemia and coronary diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing them as active ingredient are also within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: Insecticidally active novel substituted malonic acid diamide insecticides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents aryl or heteroaryl, each of which can optionally be substituted,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or trialkylsilyl, and represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aralkyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulphenyl, arylsulphenyl, alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, alkylaminosulphonyl, dialkylaminosulphonyl, arylaminosulphonyl or arylalkylaminosulphonyl, each of which can optionally be substituted, and represents radicals of the formula--CO--NR.sup.5 R.sup.6whereinR.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently of one another represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulphonyl or arylsulphonyl, it being possible for these radicals to be optionally substituted,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or the radical R.sup.4,R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A method for the total synthesis of cyclosporins, in particular Cyclosporin A, cyclosporins produced in accordance with the method of the invention and novel intermediates, in particular novel [1S, 2R, 3R]- and [1R, 2S, 3S]-1-nitrilo-1-carbonyl-3-methyl-2-oxy-heptanes and -hept-5-enes, employed in the method of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to manufacturing process for a halide or an organic sulfonate of N-carbobenzyl-L-glutamic acid-.alpha.-cholinester in high purification, which is useful as e.g. hypotensive drug. According to the prior art, undesired .gamma.-form byproduct is inevitably formed to be mingled with said .alpha.-form objective compound of which separation is difficult. It has been found that when using N-carbobenzyloxy-.gamma.-tert. butyl-L-glutamic acid-dicyclohexyl-ammonium salt readily available in high purification as starting material, reacting N, N-dimethyl-aminoethylchloride therewith to form N-carbobenzyloxy-.gamma.-tert. butyl-L-glutamic acid-.alpha.-dimethylaminoethyl ester which is quaternerized to form N-carbobenzyloxy-.gamma.-tert. butyl-L-glutamic acid-.alpha.-cholinester salt, which is subjected to mild salt treatment, the objective compound can be obtained in high purification.

Abstract: p-Alkyl or cycloalkyl phenoxy alkanols and esters are provided having the structure: ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms, preferably tertiary, and still more preferably tertiary-butyl; or a bivalent cycloalkylene group condensed with the phenyl group at adjacent ring carbons thereof, such as in indane;R.sub.2 is lower alkyl having from one to three carbon atoms or hydrogen;R.sub.3 is hydroxyl or an ester group selected from the group consisting of COOR.sub.4 and OOCR.sub.4 derived from unsubstituted and hydroxy-substituted monocarboxylic acids and COOR.sub.5 OOC and OOCR.sub.

Abstract: Chiral N-protected, N-substituted .alpha.-amino acids are described. These compounds are prepared by condensation of an N-protected .alpha.-amino acid with an aldehyde followed by the selective reductive cleavage of an oxazolidinone intermediate.

Abstract: N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid (Z-Asp) is synthesized by adding benzyl chloroformate to a solution of L-aspartic acid and sodium hydroxide at relatively high temperatures of 35.degree.-55.degree. C. and over a wide pH range of 9.2-12.0 and acidifying the sodium salt product. The Z-Asp is prepared in high yields exceeding 90% and purity of better than 99% with only a minor amount of the by-product N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartyl aspartic acid. The Z-Asp is suitable for conversion to aspartame. Carrying out the reaction at high temperatures significantly reduces cycle time while maintaining a high yield with a low dipeptide and unreacted L-aspartic acid content.

Abstract: N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid (Z-Asp) is synthesized by adding benzyl chloroformate to a solution of L-aspartic acid and sodium hydroxide at temperatures from about 5.degree.-55.degree. C. and over a wide pH range of about 9.2 to 13.8 in the presence of a surfactant and/or a buffer and then acidifying the reaction mixture. Carrying out the reaction in the presence of a surfactant reduces cycle time, while maintaining a high yield with low by-product content. The buffer prevents wide fluctuations in pH and minimizes localized reaction. These conditions are desirable when the reaction rate has been increased by addition of a surfactant or an increase in temperature of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Herbicide antidote compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R is halomethyl wherein halo refers to chlorine, bromine or iodine and the methyl group is mono- or di-substituted;R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, inclusive; phenyl, and methylaminocarboxyethyl;R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, and,R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, inclusive; p-toluenesulfonyl; p-chlorophenylsulfonyl; halophenyl wherein halo refers to a member of the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine and wherein said phenyl group may be mono-, di-, or tri-halosubstituted on the same or different substituents; and, halomethylphenyl wherein halo refers to a member of the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and said methyl group may be mono-, di-, or tri-substituted.

Abstract: An addition polymerizable UV stabilizer is prepared by reacting an isocyanatoalkyl ester of an addition polymerizable carboxylic acid (such as 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate) with an UV stabilization functionality bearing an active hydrogen moiety which is reactive with the isocyanate (such as 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of D(-) mandelic acid by the acid hydrolysis of the corresponding carbamate in an aqueous environment at a temperature of between 40.degree. and 100.degree. C. and at a pH of between 1 and 3.5.The invention also relates to a process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic 5-substituted 2,4-oxazolidinediones to give only one of the two possible optical isomers, i.e., the D-carbamyl-.alpha.-hydroxy acid. The free D-.alpha.-hydroxy acid can be obtained from the optically active carbamyl derivative by simple hydrolysis. Of particular interest is the case in which the D-.alpha.-hydroxy acid is D(-)mandelic acid. The enzymatic activity required for preparing the carbamyl derivative of D(-)mandelic acid has been found both in homogenised veal liver and in a series of microorganisms, including Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas desmolytica, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida.

Abstract: N-Substituted carbamates are prepared by reacting a carbamate with an olefin in the presence of a cation exchanger containing sulfonic acid groups and of from 0.1 to 50 g of an alcohol per mole of starting material II.The N-substituted carbamates obtainable by the process of the invention are active ingredients and useful starting materials for the preparation of dyes, pesticides and drugs.

Abstract: A process for making polyether/polyester glycols and the products formed thereby. Polyether/polyester glycols having a molecular weight of about 200 to 2,200 are formed by heating any of various glycols at about 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. under carbon monoxide pressure in the presence of a halide promoter. Preferably, iodide or bromide and a transition metal-containing catalyst are used to produce polyether/polyester glycols having a molecular weight in the range of 900 to 1,200.

Abstract: N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartic acid containing minor contaminating amounts of N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartyl aspartic acid is purified by subjecting the impure material to alkaline hydrolysis at a pH of from 10 to 12 and at temperatures of from 30.degree. C. to 100.degree. C., preferably 65.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., for a time sufficient to hydrolyze substantially all of the N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartyl aspartic acid impurity therein. N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartic acid containing less than 0.2 weight percent of the impurity can be obtained by such treatment.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is 2-alkyl-, -alkoxy- or -halo-methyl-phenyl or .alpha.-naphthyl, each of which is further substituted,R.sub.1 is 2-furyl, 2-tetrahydrofuryl, alkenyl, cyclopropyl, .beta.-alkoxyethyl, hydroxymethyl, triazolylmethyl, imidazolylmethyl, pyrazolylmethyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkylthio, alkenylthio, alkynylthio, alkylsulfinyloxy, dialkylaminosulfinyloxy, phosphoric or thiophosphoric esters or amides, or alkylcarbonyloxy,R.sub.7 is hydrogen or optionally-substituted methyl or ethyl, andR.sub.8 is alkyl optionally substituted by alkoxy,are microbicidally, in particular fungicidally, active. Preferred compounds are those in which Ar is 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl or .alpha.-naphthyl, each of which is further substituted by azido, and each of R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 is methyl.

Abstract: There are described novel homoserine derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## which possess valuable microbicidal properties. In the formula: Ar is substituted phenyl or naphthyl; R.sub.1 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkyl optionally interrupted by oxygen or sulfur, 2-furyl, 2-tetrahydrofuryl, 1H-1,2,4-triazolylmethyl, 1-imidazolylmethyl, 1-pyrazolylmethyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl or cyclopropyl, each of which is optionally substituted by halogen; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and B is halogen or an ester, thioester, sulfonic acid ester or sulfonic acid amide group. Additionally, where B is halogen, R.sub.1 may be halomethyl. The novel derivatives can be used for combating microorganisms harmful to plants, particularly for combating phytopathogenic fungi, and they have for practical requirements a very favorable curative and protective action for protecting cultivating plants, without the plants being impaired as a result of undesirable secondary effects.

Abstract: Novel bicyclooxyphenyl ureas, such as 1-(bicyclooxyphenyl)-benzoyl ureas, are provided which exhibit pesticidal activity. The compositions are conveniently prepared by reacting an isocyanate with either an amide or a bicyclooxyaniline.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of peptides including higher polypeptides utilizing indenylmethoxycarbonyl blocking groups and products produced thereby.

Abstract: Alkyl amides have been synthesized from cyclic anhydrides, carboxyl acids and their esters by contacting them with an amine carbamic acid salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of telluroxides as mild and selective oxidizing agents serving to oxidize certain functions, notably >C.dbd.S groups, in the presence of other relatively easily oxidized functions which remain unaffected; telluroxides of interest as oxidizing agents include, for example, compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1, which may be the same or different, each represent an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic group; or R and R.sup.1 together with the tellurium atom therebetween represent a heterocyclic ring, which may contain one or more further heteroatoms, and which may carry substituents and/or fused aromatic rings.

Abstract: Compounds of the general structural formula, ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylamino and R.sup.2 is H or lower N-alkylcarbamyl are made from corresponding m-aminophenylacetylenic compounds by conventional methods and are useful as selective herbicides.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which X and Y are halogen; R is cyano, halogen, thio-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, hydroxy, or OR.sub.1 ; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 mono- or di-alkylcarbamyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxyalkyl, phenylcarbamyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkanoyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkanoyl; and n is: (a) 1 or 2 if R is thioalkyl, cyano or phenyl; and (b) 2 if R is otherwise as defined, are herbicides.

Abstract: Novel esters of phenylalkyloxy- or phenylalkylthioacylamino acids and pyridylalkyloxy- or pyridylalkylthioacylamino acids, synthesis thereof, intermediates therefor, and the use of said esters for the control of weeds.

Abstract: The reaction between L-aspartic acid and benzyloxycarbonyl chloride is carried out at a specific pH range, i.e., 12.0 to 13.5, whereby highly pure N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid can be obtained in high yields, while both the by-production of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-.alpha.- or .beta.-L-aspartyl-L-aspartic acid and the decomposition of benzyloxycarbonyl chloride to benzyl alcohol are suppressed.

Abstract: Compounds of the general structural formula, ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylamino and R.sup.2 is H or lower N-alkylcarbamyl are made from corresponding m-aminophenylacetylenic compounds by conventional methods and are useful as selective herbicides.

Abstract: Production of urethanes by the oxycarbonylation reaction of N,N'-disubstituted ureas and organic compounds containing at least one hydroxyl group with carbon monoxide in the presence of molecular oxygen and/or organic nitro compounds and a catalyst system comprising (a) a noble metal and/or noble metal compound of the eighth subgroup of the periodic system of elements and (b) a compound of an element and/or elements of the third to fifth main group and/or first to eighth subgroup of the periodic system of elements characterized in that said compounds are capable of undergoing Redox reactions under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: A process for producing urethanes by reacting primary amines, carbon monoxide and organic hydroxyl compounds in the presence of molecular oxygen and/or organic nitro compounds as oxidizing agents and a catalyst system comprising a noble metal and/or a compound of a noble metal of the 8th subgroup of the Periodic System of Elements and a compound capable of undergoing Redox reactions under reaction conditions of the 3rd to 5th main group and/or 1st to 8th subgroup of the Periodic System of Elements.

Abstract: N-Benzyloxycarbonyl aspartic acid substantially free of N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartyl aspartic acid is prepared by introducing benzyl chloroformate gradually into an aqueous solution of the disodium salt of aspartic acid at temperatures of between 10.degree. C. and about 45.degree. C. while maintaining the pH of the aqueous solution at between 10.75 and 11.75. In a further embodiment, the mole ratio of unreacted benzyl chloroformate to the aspartic acid salt in the reaction medium is maintained preferably at no greater than 0.2. The resulting reaction mixture is acidified, e.g, with hydrochloric acid, to convert the reaction product to the free acid, which is separated from the reaction mixture, washed with water and dried to yield an essentially pure white granular product.

Abstract: Adducts of low boiling isocyanates with .beta.-diketones which decompose on heating to give the low boiling isocyanates as a condensible vapor; as well as the method of making the adducts and the method of storing and transporting low boiling isocyanates employing said adducts.

Abstract: Compounds useful for pharmacological and medicinal purposes having the formulae ##STR1## wherein R is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkanoyl; R.sub.1 is H, benzyl, C.sub.1 14 C.sub.5 alkanoyl, P(O)(OH).sub.2, --CO(CH.sub.2).sub.2 COOH or a basic acyl group; each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl or (CH.sub.2).sub.y C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ; y is 1-4; R.sub.3 is H or CH.sub.3 ; Z is C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 alkylene or --(alk.sub.1).sub.m --O--(alk.sub.2).sub.n --; each of (alk.sub.1) and (alk.sub.2) is C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 alkylene with the proviso that the summation of carbon atoms in (alk.sub.1) plus (alk.sub.2) is not greater than 13; each of m and n is 0 or 1; and W is H, pyridyl, phenyl, fluorophenyl or chlorophenyl; intermediates therefor and methods for their preparation and use.

Abstract: Acrylic monomers containing a carbamate (urethane) functionality having the general formula: ##STR1## and difunctional carbamate monomers having the general formula: ##STR2## are prepared from 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-acrylates, acrylamides, acrylonitriles, vinyl ketones and nitroethylenes.

Abstract: Carbamates are prepared in one step by reacting an alcohol, phosgene, and an amine in the absence of an acid scavenger.

Abstract: A process for the production of urethanes is provided in which an organic primary or secondary amine is contacted, in the substantial absence of reactive oxygen, with a source of carbon monoxide and an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group in the presence of a catalyst comprising a member selected from the group consisting of carbonyls of Co, Mo, Ti, Rh, Fe, Ni and mixtures thereof. Urethane yields and selectivities are further improved by conducting the reaction in the additional presence of an organic compound containing at least one C.dbd.N or C.dbd.C group. When such unsaturated organic compounds are employed, the catalyst can additionally comprise iridium carbonyl.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbamates is provided in which an organic primary or secondary amine is contacted, in the substantial absence of reactive oxygen, with a source of carbon monoxide, an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group, and a metal reactant comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds and complexes of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbamates is provided in which an organic primary or secondary amine is contacted, in the substantial absence of reactive oxygen, with a source of carbon monoxide, an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group and a source of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of non-halide compounds and complexes of metals of Groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB and IIIA of the Periodic Table. Further improved results are obtained by employing in the reaction zone at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of metals of Group IA and IIA of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid amides are produced by the catalytic reaction of an ester and an amine is shown. Organo cobalt salts are used as the catalyst. The process is particularly useful for producing dimethylacetamide by the reaction of methyl acetate and dimethylamine.

Abstract: New chemical compounds, bis-quaternary carbamates, having the generic fora: ##STR1## wherein X is one equivalent of an anion selected from monovalent or polyvalent anions, wherein n is 5-16, and wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 are aliphatic radicals selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and butyl, and having utility as toxic agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of urethanes by reacting a tertiary amine, an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic quantity of a copper salt, oxygen and a dehydrating agent is disclosed. The reaction is preferably carried out using a copper halide catalyst and dehydrating agents which combine with water to release the alcohol used in the preparation of the urethane product.