Abstract: The object of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior arts, and to find more improved reaction conditions for suppressing the racemization of the product and obtaining an optically active alcohol at a high optical purity. The inventors achieved to solve the above problems by using a solvent system that is capable of resolving both an asymmetric catalyst and a formate salt, allowing the hydrogen source and the asymmetric catalyst to be present in the same phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel resolvin compounds and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. The invention further relates to methods of treatment using the novel resolvin compounds of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production and use of polyester polyols, formed from at least one carboxylic acid hydride and ethylene glycol, wherein a specialized reaction control stustantially suppresses the formation of 1,4-dioxane from diethylene glycol.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorovinyl ether functionalized aromatic diesters and derivatives thereof. The compounds disclosed have utility as functionalized monomers and comonomers in polyesters, polyamides, and the like. It has been found that incorporation of the monomers into polymers provides improved soil resistance to shaped articles produced from the polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method comprising administering a compound to a mammal suffering from an inflammatory bowel disease for the treatment of said disease, said compound having a structure according to Formula I wherein X, Y, B, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and n have the meanings found herein.

Abstract: Diabetes consists of a worldwide public health concern that leads to high levels of morbidity and premature mortality and affects millions of people in countries of any level of development. It is estimated that there are more than 150 million people with diabetes in the world, wherein projections from the World Health Organization (WHO) for 2025 such amount may get to 300 million cases. The present invention refers to a process for obtaining an extract rich in rosmarinic acid (RA) from the plant Origanum vulgare and its use as a possible oral hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: There is provided novel compounds capable of modulating the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR40, compositions comprising the compounds, and methods for their use for controlling insulin levels in vivo and for the treatment of conditions such as type I1 diabetes, hypertension, ketoacidosis, obesity, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesterolemia and related disorders associated with abnormally high or low plasma lipoprotein, triglyceride or glucose levels.

Abstract: Prostaglandin nitroderivatives having improved pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability are described. They can be employed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing optically active alcohols using asymmetric reduction of aromatic ketones. This process gives optically active alcohols in high enantioselectivity in a large scale production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula: R-AR—O—Y—R? Wherein R represents one or more members selected from H, alkoxy, benzyloxy, aldehyde, halogen, carboxylic acid, —NO2, —NH2, —NHCOCH3, and —NH—Y—R?, which is attached directly to AR or attached through an aliphatic chain. The carboxylic acid moiety in R includes but is not limited to the following carboxylic acids: benzoic acids, cinnamic acids, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, salicyclic acid, vanillic acid, phenylacetic acids, phenylpropionic acids, and sinapinic acid. -AR—O— is a biologically active phenolic moiety comprising 1 to 6 substituted or unsubstituted aryl rings that are directly bonded to each other, fused together, or joined through a linking group.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted para-trifluoromethyl phenyl ether compounds and its preparation and use thereof especially. The substituted para-trifluoromethyl phenyl ether compounds of the invention having general formula (I): The substitutes see Description. The compounds of present invention have broad-spectrum activity, and may be used to control diseases in all sorts of plants caused by oomycete, basidiomycete, ascomycete pathogens and deuteromycete, and it may also provide good control efficacy at very low dosage because of the high activity. The compounds of the invention have good insecticidal activity and have good activity against many pests, especially for Carmine spider mite. The compounds are fit for synthetical control against many kinds of pests.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), in the form of mixtures comprising predominantly one diastereomer or in the form of pure diastereomers, Z1-Q-P*R0R1 (I) in which Z1 is a C-bonded, secondary phosphine group —P(R)2; in which R is in each case independently hydrocarbon radicals or heterohydrocarbon radicals, or Z1 is the —P*R0R1 group; Q is a bivalent, achiral, aromatic base skeleton, a bivalent, achiral ferrocene base skeleton, an optionally substituted bivalent cycloalkane or heterocycloalkane skeleton, or a C1-C4-alkylene skeleton, and in which base skeletons a secondary phosphine group Z1 is bonded directly to a carbon atom, or, in the case of cyclic base skeletons, directly to a carbon atom or via a C1-C4-alkylene group, and in which base skeletons a P-chiral group —P*R0R1 is bonded directly to a carbon atom, or, in the case of cyclic base skeletons, directly to a carbon atom or via a C1-C4-alkylene group to a carbon atom such that the phosphorus atoms are linked via 1 to 7 atoms of a carbon chain optionally i

Abstract: Chemical light producing systems and the chemiluminescent formulations contained therein are taught which exhibit reduced hydrolysis and thereby are characterized by an inherently long shelf-life and commercial viability. By replacing the typical oxalate ester, e.g. (bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate) with a branched chain oxalic acid ester represented by the general formula: wherein the group designated as R contains from 4-15 carbons, wherein the carbon of attachment of R to the oxygen is via a primary carbon, and wherein substructure A is composed of substituents selected from the group including alkyl chains, alkyl rings, aromatic rings and combinations thereof such that R is nonlinear, water hydrolysis of the oxalate ester is retarded. This retardation of the hydrolysis changes the storage constraints of the oxalate ester.

Abstract: A silicone fluid comprising a chromophore-substituted polyorganosiloxane having a formula (2): wherein x is an integer in the range of 60 to 2000; y is an integer in the range of 5 to 100; a ratio x:y is in a range of about 10:1 to about 20:1; and X is a photostabilizing chromophore.

Abstract: Liquid crystal compositions comprising compounds including at least one mesogenic substructure and at least one long flexible segment and a compound selected from a photochromic compound, a dichroic compound and a photochromic-dichroic compound and methods of synthesizing the same and their use in articles of manufacture and ophthalmic devices are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling diseases on turfgrass which comprises applying to turfgrass that has been cut back an effective amount of a compound of formula (1).

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: Such compounds are useful, for example, in fabricating arrays of polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the purification of a prostaglandin by supercritical fluid chromatography, said method comprising the use of a stationary phase and a mobile phase comprising carbon dioxide, provided that when the stationary phase is unmodified silica gel, the prostaglandin is not luprostiol. The invention also provides prostaglandins obtainable by the method.

Abstract: Conjugates comprising at least two active agents linked by a diglycolic acid or polyglycol diacid linker are disclosed. The invention also concerns oligomers and polymers of these conjugates and their use in therapeutic and industrial applications for localized, immediate or fast release delivery of an active agent, such as an anti-microbial, anti-infective, or antiseptic agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of (Z)-3-[2-butoxy-3?-(3-heptyl-1-methylureido)biphenyl-4-yl]-2-methoxyacrylic acid of formula (I): and also to the process for the synthesis of the reaction intermediates of general formula (XII), and to the said compounds when R2 is chosen from the methyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl and 4-tolyl radicals:

Abstract: A novel class of dicarboxylic acid derivatives, the use of these compounds as pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of treatment employing these compounds and compositions. The present compounds may be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of conditions mediated by Peroxisome Proliferator -Activated Receptors (PPAR).

Abstract: Preparation method of a compound of general formula (I) comprises the following steps: (1) a compound of general formula (II) reacts with a formylating agent in an aprotic solvent at a temperature between ?20° C. and 200° C. in the presence of a Lewis acid, then an organic base is added to promote the reaction to obtain an intermediate product; (2) the above intermediate product reacts with a methylating agent in the presence of an alkali at a temperature between ?20° C. and 100° C. to obtain the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A novel macromer or mixture thereof is described herein, comprising isocyanatophenyl ether terminal moieties and at least two residues of a water-soluble polymer having a molecular weight ranging from 80 to 10,000 adjacent to the ether group of the isocyanatophenyl ether terminal isocyanate moieties, thereby forming at least two ether linkages in the macromer or mixture thereof. A method for making a polyisocyanate macromer is also described herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure encompasses compounds and compositions that are useful as specific AI-2 antagonists for the control of bacterial quorum sensing. Although the AI-2 antagonists according to the present disclosure may not have bactericidal effect, their ability to attenuate virulence, drug resistance, and/or biofilm formation have therapeutic benefits. In addition, the AI-2 antagonists of the present disclosure can also be used as tools to probe bacterial AI-2 functions. The present disclosure also encompasses methods for inhibiting or attenuating microbial virulence, biofilm formation, and drug resistance. The methods are suitable for preventing bacteria from accruing and forming extensive biofilms that may be a health or hygiene hazard or a physical issue, such as in the blockage of water or fuel lines.

Abstract: Prostaglandin nitroderivatives having improved pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability are described. They can be employed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Abstract: The purpose the invention is to provide a polymerizable liquid crystal compound which has an excellent solubility with other compounds, a high homeotropic property, and a spirobiindan-backbone, and a liquid crystal composition comprising this compound. The purpose is attained with a polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by Formula (1). A polymer which is excellent in many characteristics can be obtained from this compound and a formed body having optical anisotropy, produced from this polymer can be obtained. In Formula (1), G is a single bond or oxygen; R is hydrogen, methyl (Me) or a group represented by Formula (a), wherein at least two of R are groups represented by Formula (a); P is a polymerizable group represented by any of Formula (P1) to Formula (P8). In Formula (a), a desirable A is 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z is a bonding group; m is an integer of 0 to 3; X0 is a single bond or alkylene; Z0 is a single bond, —O—, —OCO—, or —OCOO—; X is a single bond or alkylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of amidino compounds in the manufacture and formulation of medicaments for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, which are useful as protein kinase inhibitors, as well as methods for using such compounds to treat, ameliorate or prevent a condition associated with abnormal or deregulated kinase activity. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for using such compounds to treat, ameliorate or prevent diseases or disorders that involve abnormal activation of c-kit, PDGFR?, PDGFR?, CSF1R, Abl, BCR-Abl, CSK, JNK1, JNK2, p38, p70S6K, TGF?, SRC, EGFR, trkB, FGFR3, FLT3, Fes, Lck, Syk, RAF, MKK4, MKK6, SAPK2?, BRK, KDR, c-raf or b-raf kinase, or mutant forms thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds, compositions, methods of using and processes for producing optically active ?-hydroxy derivatives using a combination of a chemical and biochemical methods. The process comprises reacting an ester compound with a racemic compound in the presence of an enzyme to obtain compounds (compositions and methods). The compounds produced may be useful for starting materials for physiologically active materials, functional materials and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogs. In particular, this invention relates to the production of prostaglandins of the PGF2?-series, including latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost, which are active pharmaceutical ingredients used for the reduction of elevated intra-ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of using the compounds for treatment of p38 MAP kinase-mediated diseases, and methods of using the compounds for treatment of Raf kinase-mediated diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to anhydrous solutions of MX3-Z LiA in a solvent, wherein M is a lanthanide including lanthanum, or yttrium or indium; z>0; and X and A are independently or both monovalent anions, preferably Cl, Br or I. The solution is readily prepared by dissolving or suspending MX3 or its hydrate and z equiv LiA in water or hydrophilic solvents, or mixtures thereof, removing the solvent under vacuum and dissolving the resulting powder in another solvent. The solution of MX3-Z LiA can advantageously be used e.g. in addition reactions of Grignard reagents to ketones and imines. Even the catalytic use of MX3-Z LiA is possible.

Abstract: An ionic liquid is used as liquid matrix for organic synthesis in homogeneous phase on soluble support, the ionic liquid being presented in liquid or solid form at ambient temperature, of formula A1+X1?, A1+ representing a cation, functional or non-functional, or a mixture of cations in which either none of the cations is functional or at least one of the cations is functional, and X1? an anion, functional or non-functional, or a mixture of anions in which either none of the anions is functional or at least one of the anions is functional.

Abstract: A method for preparing a prostaglandin F analogue represented by the following formula (I) is disclosed, wherein R1, and are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to new synthetic 2-(?-hydroxypentyl) benzoates, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing such salts as active ingredients. The invention also relates to the use of the compounds for preventing and treating cardioischemia, cerebroischemia and cardiac or cerebral arterial occlusion (obstruction), etc.

Abstract: Compounds having useful biological activity, particularly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, derived from Centipeda cunninghamii, and biologically active derivatives thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and prophylactic and therapeutic use of the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from H, OH, F, Cl, Br, methoxy and ethoxy; or alternatively, R1 and R2 together form —OCH2O—, R3 is selected from H, OH, methoxy, ethoxy and halogens; R4 is OH or acyloxy; R5 is cycloalkoxyl, amino and substituted amino, and when R5 is selected from amino, at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is not H. The present invention further relates to a process for synthesizing a compound of the formula (I), and use of the compound of the formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition comprising at least one polymer compound represented by formula (1) below, and at least one polymerizable compound.

Abstract: A cellulose compound composition, containing at least one compound of formula (1): wherein R1 to R5 are a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and any one of R1 to R5 is -L3-Q1, in which Q1 is a group of formula Q1: in which * is a bonding hand for bonding with L3, R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, m and r are an integer of 0 or more, R6 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent; L1, L2 and L3 are a single bond or a divalent linking group, Ar1 is an arylene or aromatic heterocyclic group, Ar2 represents an aryl or aromatic heterocyclic group, and n is an integer of 0 or more, in which two or more L2s and two or more Ar1s each may be the same or different from each other; and a film composed of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparation of fispemifene by use of ospemifene as a starting material.

Abstract: A silicone fluid comprising a chromophore-substituted polyorganosiloxane having a formula (2): wherein x is an integer in the range of 60 to 2000; y is an integer in the range of 5 to 100; a ratio x:y is in a range of about 10:1 to about 20:1; and X is a photostabilizing chromophore.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: Such compounds are useful, for example, in fabricating arrays of polymers.

Abstract: The present application describes deuterium-enriched latanoprost, pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, and methods of treating using the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing optically active alcohols using asymmetric reduction of aromatic ketones. This process gives optically active alcohols in high enantioselectivity at large scale production. Aromatic ketones represented by formula (I) [wherein, R1 are selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkyl group etc. R2 is —(CH2)n-R3 [wherein, n is 1 to 5 integer. R3 are selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkoxycarbonyl group etc. and formula (II) and (III). {wherein, R4 is selected from lower alkyl group (1 to 5 carbon atom) etc. R5 and R6 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkyl group etc.}]] are reduced by sodium borohydride, chlorotrimethylsilane and optically active 2-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)hydroxymethyl]pyrrolidine represented by formula (IV) to give optically active alcohol represented by formula (V) stereoselectively. (wherein, R1 and R2 are as defined above.

Abstract: Processes for preparing compounds of formula I are disclosed comprising the steps of: (a) forming of chiral propionic acid ester compounds of formula V. (b) reacting compounds of formula V with aniline compounds to yield compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Described herein are cannabidiol prodrugs, methods of making cannabidiol prodrugs, formulations comprising cannabidiol prodrugs and methods of using cannabidiols. One embodiment described herein relates to the transdermal or topical administration of a cannabidiol prodrug for treating and preventing diseases and/or disorders.

Abstract: Prostaglandin nitroderivatives having improved pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability are described. They can be employed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Abstract: An optically active dihydroxyheptenoic acid ester having an aromatic group is separated from a solution containing a mixture of optical isomers of digydroxyheptenoic acid ester by liquid chromatography with a packing material constituted of a carrier and a polysaccharide derivative carried on the carrier. The polysaccharide derivative is a polysaccharide in which the hydrogen atoms constituting the hydroxyl and amino groups are partially or all replaced by one or more kinds of groups selected from among carbamoyl groups monosubstituted with aromatic groups having specific alkyl groups and benzoyl groups having specific alkyl groups. According to the invention, optically active dihydroxyheptenoic acid esters can be separated more distinctly.

Abstract: Compounds are described, having general formula (I) and their use as acaricides, insecticides and/or fungicides.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided normal modified forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Modified NSAIDs according to the invention provide a new class of anti-inflammatory agent which provide the therapeutic benefits of NSAIDs while causing a much lower incidence of side-effects then typically observed with such agents.