Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are contacted with hydrogen in the presence of an insoluble metal hydrogenation catalyst and strong protonic acid to produce 1,1-diesters.

Abstract: The present specification relates to novel 9-deoxy-9-methylene-5,6-trans-didehydro-PGF.sub.1 compounds with improved pharmacological properties. While these compounds are useful in inducing a wide variety of prostaglandin-like pharmacological effects, they are specifically useful as regulators of procreation and fertility.

Abstract: Alkyl alkoxymethylbenzoates and essentially linear polyester ethers and copolyester ethers therefrom.

Abstract: Acetylene end-capped polyimide oligomers are prepared by a process including the following sequential steps:1. Preparing an alkanol or ether solution containing substantially 1 molar equivalent of a dialkyl ester of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid,2. Adding substantially 0.5 to 0.8 molar equivalent of an aromatic diamine to the solution of (1) to form a reaction product between the diacid and the diamine,3. Adding an aminoarylacetylene to the solution of (2) in a quantity sufficient to provide amine groups equivalent to the free carboxylic acid groups present in the product of (2).4. Heating the solution of (3) to vaporize the solvent therefrom, and5. Heating the product of (4) to convert the carboxylic acid groups, the ester groups, and the amino groups thereof to imide groups.The temperature in steps (2) and (3) is maintained below about 50.degree. C. The temperature in steps (4) and (5) is maintained below about 210.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic ethers by the bromination of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, independently, is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl; m is an integer from 1-4, and A is --CHO, --COOR.sub.3 or lower alkyl, and subsequently treating the reaction product of the bromination step with an alkali metal alkoxide in the presence of cuprous halide or oxide, is described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a cyclobutanone of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 each independently is a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, dialkylphosphono, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkenyl radical, or two of them together with the carbon atom to which each is linked form a ring,comprising reacting an N,N-disubstituted carboxylic acid amide of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 each independently is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl radical or together form a ring, with an inorganic acid halide, and then reacting the product with a tertiary amine, an olefin of the formula ##STR3## and a Lewis acid, and subsequently hydrolyzing the mass. Preferably isobutyric acid dimethylamide is employed as the carboxylic acid amide, phosgene is employed as the inorganic acid halide, triethylamine is employed as the tertiary amine and zinc chloride or titanium tetrachloride is employed as the Lewis acid.

Abstract: Herbicidal compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur;R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl;R.sub.2 is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, methoxy or cyanomethyl; andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together can be (CH.sub.2).sub.4 ; provided that when R.sub.2 is alkyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, methoxy or cyanomethyl, R.sub.1 cannot be ethyl.

Abstract: Novel liquid crystal compounds are disclosed, which are chiral esters based upon the phenol ##STR1## Typical examples are: ##STR2## and mixtures of these compounds have a helical pitch such that the mixtures reflect light of a specific wavelength when illuminated with ordinary light and the pitch is temperature sensitive so that the mixtures can be used in temperature indicating devices. Specific examples are given as are samples of mixtures that can be used in phase change electro-optic display devices.

Abstract: A synthesis of Vitamin E has the condensation of 2,4-pentanediene and 1,2-epoxy-2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane including intermediates in this synthesis which uses base catalyzed condensations of aliphatic compounds to construct the Vitamin E molecule from aliphatic precursors.

Abstract: Monohaloalkenyl benzoates are halogenated to trihalo-substituted alkyl esters of benzoic acid. The halogenated compounds impart flame retardant properties to a variety of polymeric materials.

Abstract: Derivatives of esterdiol alkoxylates obtained by reaction thereof with an anhydride, isocyanate or epoxide, as well as the anhydride capped products of the derivatives of the two latter. Formulations containing the above are also claimed.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an electron-repelling radical and Z is an electron-attracting radical, and rings A, B and C are each unsubstituted or additionally substituted with 1 to 4 identical or different monovalent organic radicals.

Abstract: This invention involves a method of producing vinyl esters by the reaction of olefins with carboxylic acids in the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, a noble metal compound, and a regenerative oxidant capable of maintaining the noble metal in oxidized form.

Abstract: New insecticidal (.beta.-phenylvinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates having on the phenyl ring one or more substituents such as halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, lower haloalkyl, di(lower alkyl)amino, or methylenedioxy are described, and their preparation and insecticidal utility are exemplified.

Abstract: Monohaloalkenyl benzoates are halogenated to trihalo-substituted alkyl esters of benzoic acid. The halogenated compounds impart flame retardant properties to a variety of polymeric materials.

Abstract: A class of di-(substituted phenoxy) alkanes having from 7 to 25 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety have hypolipidaemic activity.

Abstract: Alkynyl, benzyl or phenyl, ethers and esters which are ring substituted with an oxy or a thio aliphatic chain. These ethers and esters are usful in killing and preventing the proliferation of insects by upsetting their hormonal balance.

Abstract: Bicyclic compounds useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of allergic diseases, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, methods of administration of the compositions, intermediates useful in preparing the compounds and conversion of the intermediates to the bicyclic compounds. Examples of compounds are substituted coumarins and indanediones and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Abstract: D-homopregnanes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.6 is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro or methyl; X is .beta.-hydroxymethylene or carbonyl; R.sup.17a is hydroxy, lower alkanoyloxy or aroyloxy; R.sup.21 is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, hydroxy, lower alkanoyloxy, aroyloxy, sulfate or phosphate; and the dotted line in the 1,2-position of the A-ring denotes an additional carbon-carbon bondAnd pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing them as the active ingredient are disclosed. The D-homopregnanes of the present invention exhibit hormonal activity and are useful for the treatment of inflammation.

Abstract: Preparation of carboxylic acid esters of .gamma.-hydroxy-tiglic-aldehyde from bismonocarboxylic acid esters of but-2-en-1,4-diol via 1,4-diacetoxy-2-formyl butane including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: A new series of substituted esters of 3-hydroxyindone compounds have been found to have exceptional miticidal and herbicidal activity.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-3-alkylsulfoxypropyl-1 esters of arene polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: New 1,3-disubstituted propanol-(2) derivatives and their nicotinic acid esters of the general formula ##STR1## and their therapeutically acceptable salts, processes for preparing the same and the use thereof and pharmaceutical preparations containing the same for the treatment of hyperlipemia.

Abstract: A synergistic catalytic effect is realized in the esterification reaction between an organic carboxylic acid and a vicinal epoxide by using a catalyst system comprising: (a) a compound containing an amino and/or ammonium nitrogen atom, in combination with (b) a soluble compound containing an ionizable atom of iron or chromium.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein N REPRESENTS THE NUMBER 0, 1 OR 2,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkenyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -alkynyloxy, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkylcarbonyl, formyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkoxy-carbonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkylthio,R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkoxy or chlorine, orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent the 3,4-methylenedioxy group,R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl,R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or methyl, a method for their preparation, pest control agents containing them and a method of combatting pests which comprises applying to the said pests a compound of the formula are described.

Abstract: Polyprenyl derivatives having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyloxy group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyl group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyl group or an araliphatic acyl group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, n is an integer of 1-4 and, when n is an integer of 2-4, R.sup.2 's may be the same or different; provided that, when n is 1 or 2, at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 's is hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aliphatic acyloxy group, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group. These derivatives are useful as medicines for treating peptic ulcer.

Abstract: The invention comprises the oxidation of olefins to unsaturated esters of organic acids or acetals and/or unsaturated ethers of alcohols by contacting the olefin with an organic acid or alcohol reactant in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound of a Group VIII noble metal and a redox agent. The catalyst is maintained active by contacting it with oxygen introduced simultaneously or intermittently with the olefin or by circulating the catalyst between separate oxygen and olefin contacting zones. The oxidation can be performed under liquid phase conditions by initiating the contacting with a dissolved catalyst or can be performed under vapor phase conditions by initiating the contacting with the catalyst distended on a solid support.