Abstract: The yield of fully substituted, multidimensional aromatic hubs in the condensation of hydroxyl and acid halide functionalities is improved by adding a thallium catalyst, such as thallium ethoxide (Tl--OC.sub.2 H.sub.5), in the solvent.

Abstract: Chemical compounds which interact inside the central water cavity of hemoglobin and bridge between the two .alpha. subunits can be used to allosterically modify hemoglobin towards tense and relaxed states. The functional groups employed are aldehydes and carboxylic acids, wherein the aldehydes form covalent bonds (schiff base) with amino acid residues of hemoglobin and the carboxylic acids form ionic bonds with amino acid residues of hemoglobin. Particularly useful compounds within the practice of this invention bond to the n-terminal valine of one .alpha. subunit of hemoglobin, and the lysine 99 and/or arginine 141 of the other .alpha. subunit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the new thielocin derivatives, which exhibit phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitory activity of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, or halogen;E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, or an ester residue;m and n are independently an integer of 0 to 4;--Y-- is a bivalent group which is selected from the group consisiting of the following radicals: ##STR2## or the salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is related to photochemically polymerizable liquid crystals of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are, independently, photochemically polymerizable mesogenic residues. The present invention also provides liquid crystalline mixtures which contain these compounds, as well as use of these compounds in the cross-linked state as optical or electronic components.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with photo cross-linkable liquid crystals of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a cross-linkable mesogenic residue;X is a single bond, --COO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --CONH-- or --C.dbd.N--; andQ is n-alkylene, c-alkylene, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenylene or 2,6-naphthylene;liquid crystalline mixtures which contain such compounds as well as their use in the cross-linked state for optical building elements.

Abstract: Compounds containing a 4-[(E)-alk-2-enoyloxy]benzoate group and liquid crystalline mixtures which contain such compounds and the use of such compounds and, respectively, mixtures in electro-optical indicating devices.The compounds are of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms;X.sup.1, X.sup.3 each independently are halogen or hydrogen; andX.sup.2 is halogen or cyano.

Abstract: A homopolymer or a copolymer comprises a polymerizable compound represented by formula (I):A--X--COCOOR.sub.1 (I)wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group or an aryl group; X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, --COO-- or --NR.sub.5 -- wherein R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; A represents a C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenylaryl or alkenylaralkyl group, or a group represented by: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; Y represents an oxygen atom or --NR.sub.4 -- wherein R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; n is an integer of 1 to 5; m is an integer of 1 to 10; and 1 is 0 or an integer of 1 to 20;with the proviso that if Y is present, X is not --NR.sub.5 --. Additionally, disclosed are processes of preparing the homopolymer or copolymer as well as the polymerizable compound.

Abstract: The protected cyclobutanone of the formula ##STR1## is treated with a dialkylaluminum chloride, an alkylaluminum dichloride, a trialkylaluminum compound, diphenylsilane in the presence of tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I) chloride, or iridium tetrachloride to yield the corresponding diprotected cyclobutanol. This compound is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of antiviral agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying crude products containing esters of a non-reducing sugar like sucrose, and one or more fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid etc. by subjecting the crude esterification products to an extraction treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide. After carrying out this extraction treatment a residue comprising the fatty acid esters of non-reducing sugars, the unreacted sugar and the salts as well as an extract comprising the fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters and also any solvents, if present, are obtained. The unreacted sugar and the salts, present in the obtained residue, can be removed from the residue by, for example, a washing operation resulting in a final product of pure esters of the non-reducing sugar and one or more fatty acids. This last removal step concerning the unreacted sugar and salts may also be carried out before the application of the above indicated extraction treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R denotes a linear alkyl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, X denotes a single bond or an oxygen atom, K and L are independently 1 or 2, n is an integer of 3 to 8, and C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom.and a liquid crystal display device formed therefrom.

Abstract: Poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ethers having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where n is an integer from 5 to 100; x is an integer from 0 to 10; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein y is 1, 2 or 3; R.sub.6 is a divalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 1, a trivalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 2, or tetravalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 3, said hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms; and each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where each R.sub.7 is independently alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition containing a compound having a group represented by formula(I) or (II), said group, when irradiated with actinic radiation, forming a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; andR.sub.2 to R.sub.6 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen, a halogen, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxyl group, cyano group, or an alkyl group, provided that at least one of R.sub.2 to R.sub.6 represents an alkoxyl or aryloxyl group and two of R.sub.2 to R.sub.6 may link to form a ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new hydroxybenzophenones containing an ester functional group and to the use of these compounds as UV absorbers in organic polymers. More precisely, the new hydroxybenzophenones are 1,3-di(4-benzoyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol carboxylates which preferably have a molecular mass of at least 500.These benzophenones can be employed as anti-UV agents in organic polymers, either by themselves or jointly with known benzophenones of lower molecular mass, such as 2-hydroxy-4-alkoxybenzophenones.

Abstract: A process for preparing carboxylic acid esters of of the formulaX--(COOCH.sub.2 A).sub.nwherein A is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-benzocyclobutene compound, X is an n-valent organic bridging group, and n is 2,3, or 4, comprises reacting a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-hydroxymethylbenzocyclobutene compound with a compound of the formula X--(COY).sub.n, wherein X is an n-valent organic bridging group and Y is Cl or Br. Esters of inorganic acids of the formulaX'(OCH.sub.2 A).sub.nwherein X' is a residue of an inorganic acid halide, n is 2 or 3, and A is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-benzocyclobutene compound, are prepared by reacting an inorganic halide of the formula X'Y.sub.n, wherein Y is Br or Cl, with a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-hydroxymethylbenzocyclobutene compound. Biscarbonates of the formula X"[OC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2 A].sub.

Abstract: Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula ##STR1## where the R groups are independently hydrogen, or lower alkyl; A is --C(O)O--, --OC(O)--, --C(O)S--, or --SC(O)--; n is 0-5; and Z is H, --COB where B is --OH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or B is --OR.sub.1 where R.sub.1 is an ester-forming group, or B is --N(R).sub.2 where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or Z is --OE where E is hydrogen or an ether-forming group or --COR.sub.2 where R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkyl phenyl, or Z is --CHO or an acetal derivative thereof, or Z is --COR.sub.3 where R.sub.3 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.m CH.sub.3 where m is 0-4 and the sum of n and m does not exceed 4.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition containing a compound having a group represented by formula (I) or (II), said group, when irradiated with actinic radiation, forming a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; andR.sub.2 to R.sub.6 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen, a halogen, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxyl group, cyano group, or an alkyl group, provided that at least one of R.sub.2 to R.sub.6 represents an alkoxyl or aryloxyl group and two of R.sub.2 to R.sub.6 may link to form a ring.

Abstract: Prepolymer polyols containing mesogenic moieties useful as reactants for the preparation of resinous materials are disclosed. Synthesized by condensing a polyether polyol with bifunctional mesogenic diacids, or diesters, the compounds of the invention are characterized by their reasonably low melt temperature which renders them suitable as additive materials in polymeric molding compositions and as precursors for the preparation of resinous materials.The liquid crystalline properties of the prepolymers of the invention were found to depend on the type and molecular weight of the glycols and on the molar ratio between the glycols and the mesogenic reactant.

Abstract: An amine derivative having a liquid crystal property over a wide temperature range and a process for production thereof are disclosed, the amine derivative being represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A represents ##STR2## X.sub.1 and X.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents ##STR3## Y represents --O-- or ##STR4## R.sub.1 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; m and n each represents 0 or 1; and p and q each represents 1 or 2, provided that p and q are 1 when n is 0, and p and q are not 2 at the same time when n is 1.

Abstract: A thermal oxidatively stable synthetic fluid composition is disclosed. The composition is essentially comprised of an aromatic carboxylic acid ester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aromatic moiety, R is a neo hydrocarbyl group containing from about 5 to about 18 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R is not a cycloalkyl substituted neo hydrocarbyl group, R.sub.1 is a mono, di, tri or tetra functional hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, n is an integer from about 2 to about 4 and represents the total number of carboxylic acid ester groups on the aromatic moiety, a is an integer from about 1 to about 4, when a is 1 R.sub.1 is monovalent, when a is 2 R.sub.1 is divalent, when a is 3 R.sub.1 is trivalent and when a is 4 R.sub.1 is tetravalent, R.sub.2 is a hydrocarbyl group derived from a diol containing from about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 0 to about 4.

Abstract: A naphthalene compound having the following formula (I) and a liquid crystal composition containing the same: ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, Y and Z independently represent a monovalent group selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein W represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R represents an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, provided that Y and/or Z represent the alkyl group, which is an optically active group including an asymmetric carbon having the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein A is a group or atom selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, halogen atoms and fluoroalkyl groups, n is an integer of 0 to 3, m is an integer of 3 to 6, and *C represents an asymmetric carbon.

Abstract: Ester polyphenols such as the tris(bisphenol A) ester of trimellitic acid are prepared by the reaction of the corresponding aromatic poly(acyl halide) with a dihydroxyaromatic compound such as bisphenol A. They may be employed in the preparation of branched polycarbonates via chloroformate oligomer compositions.

Abstract: Novel cyanohydrin derivatives of general formula (I) wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy, R.sup.2 is alkyl, r is 1 to 10, n and m are 0 or 1, provided if both n and m are 0 then X is (II) or (III), where (F) indicates one or more optional fluorines, p is 0 or 1, Z is a single bond if p is 0 and COO if p is 1; and if one or both of n or m are 1 then X is (IV), where each ring A, B and C is phenyl, fluoro- or chloro-phenyl, cyclohexyl, pyrimidyl, pyridyl, or dioxanyl, A, B and C are single bonds or linking groups, and (a+b+c) is 2 or 3. Liquid crystal materials containing these compounds are also described.

Abstract: The novel glycidyl ether addition products are obtained by esterification of a diol compound, selected from the group comprising linear oxyalkylates and other amine-free aliphatic diols, and an addition compound of polyether block polymers and glycidyl ethers with dicarboxylic acids. They are advantageously employed for demulsifying crude oil emulsions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are independently integers of 1 to 22; k and l are independently integers of 1 to 2; and C* is an asymmetric carbon atom, is chemically stable and can be applied to liquid crystal display devices operable at room temperature.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and are represented by the following general structural formulae (I) and (II) ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound (II) in which Z is hydrogen are disclosed.

Abstract: The novel esters of a chiral alcohol and a mesogenic carboxylic acid are characterized by the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which the symbols have the following meanings: n denotes 0 or 1,R.sup.1 denotes a straight-chain or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, in particular fluorine,R.sup.2 denotes unsubstituted or substituted (C.sub.6 -C.sub.18)aryl, cyclo(C.sub.5 -C.sub.12)alkyl or mononuclear or binuclear heteroaryl possessing a five-membered and/or six-membered ring, andMC denotes a molecular radical of a mesogenic monocarboxylic acid MC-OH after elimination of an OH group where n=0, and denotes a molecular radical of a mesogenic dicarboxylic acid HO-MC-OH after elimination of two OH groups where n=1, with the exception of compounds in which n denotes 0, R.sup.1 denotes CH.sub.3, R.sup.

Abstract: This invention provides multistep process embodiments for the production of novel esters which exhibit nonlinear optical response.A process embodiment is illustrated by the reaction of a Schiff base with a substituted acetic acid to form a stilbene alcohol intermediate: ##STR1## The stilbene alcohol intermediate is decarboxylated, and then is esterified in the presence of a pyridine type catalyst to provide an ester with a conjugated structure.

Abstract: 1. An aromatic derivative having the formula (I) or the salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl, a halogen atom, or OR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl; A-B represents a hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond or a sulfur- or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 2 to 4; X represents a group ##STR2## and Y represents a hydrogen atom; alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be substituted with aryl; alkenyl having 2 to 5 carbon atoms which may be substituted with aryl or aryl substituted with at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy; aryl which may be substituted with at least one carboxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxycarbonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy; provided that, when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are both hydrogen, the moiety --A--B--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X--Y does not represent ##STR3## wherein n=2 to 4 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Novel ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds which may realize a stable molecular orientation which makes it possible to give a definite light-dark contrast in the no electric field state and attain a definite threshold property as well as hysteresis, and for making it possible to attain the dynamic driving as well as the high speed of response, owing to tri-stable phase thereof, of the general formulae (I) and (II) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 means an alkyl, alkoxy or alkyloxycarbonyl each of 1-20 carbon atoms, R.sub.

Abstract: Cured resins of high fracture toughness are prepared from N,N'-bisimides of formula I ##STR1## and alkenyl compounds of formula IID(G).sub.m IIin which D is an m-valent group and G represents a phenyl ring having at least one alkenyl (e.g. allyl or 1-propenyl) substituent.

Abstract: The novel esters of a chiral alcohol and a mesogenic carboxylic acid are characterized by the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which the symbols have the following meanings: n denotes 0 or 1,R.sup.1 denotes a straight-chain or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, in particular fluorine,R.sup.2 denotes unsubstituted or substituted (C.sub.6 -C.sub.18)aryl, cyclo(C.sub.5 -C.sub.12)alkyl or mononuclear or binuclear heteroaryl possessing a five-membered and/or six-membered ring, andMC denotes a molecular radical of a mesogenic monocarboxylic acid MC-OH after elimination of an OH group where n=0, and denotes a molecular radical of a mesogenic dicarboxylic acid HO-MC-OH after elimination of two OH groups where n=1, with the exception of compounds in which n denotes 0, R.sup.1 denotes CH.sub.3, R.sup.

Abstract: The compound N-[(1S,2R)-fluoromethyl-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methylsulphonyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-pr openamide and the derivatives thereof in which the hydroxy in 2 position is esterified by a mono or dicarboxylic acid or by an aminoacid are described.Such compounds have antibiotic activity and are useful in human and veterinary therapy.

Abstract: Sizing agents characterized as containing bisphenolpolyalkylene glycol etherester copolymer of a specified structure are particularly suited for coating carbon fibers for unsaturated polyester matrix resinous composites.

Abstract: Organic compounds having functional groups such as aromatic ester, thioester, or carbonate groups are prepared by reacting an organometallic reactant where the metal is gallium, indium, thallium arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, with a suitable second reactant. For example, the ester ##STR1## can be prepared by reacting an organometallic derivative of hydroquinone with p-phenoxybenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: An asymmetric synthesis for Vitamin E in an optically active pure form for 4-(2,5-diloweralkanoyloxy)-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl-butan-2-one and intermediates therein.

Abstract: Photographic coupler solvents comprising aromatic carboxylic esters such as phthalates and isophthalates having bulky or branched ester substituents are described for incorporation in photographic emulsions and elements. The solvents are preferably employed in the cyan layer to protect the cyan dye against ferrous ion reduction. The solvents also provide improvements in yellow dye stability to light, cyan dye stability in the dark and magenta dye stability to heat and light.

Abstract: Intermediate compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxy, thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl; R is halogen; C.sub.1 C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene; R.sup.3 hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both phenyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.

Abstract: Acid half esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic radical of 16 to 24 carbon atoms, one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is phenyl, one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is methyl, one of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is the maleic acid radical or the phthalic acid radical, m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 are each 0 or 1, s.sub.1, s.sub.2, p.sub.1 and p.sub.2 are integers, with the sum of s.sub.1 +s.sub.2 being 5 to 12 and the sum of p.sub.1 +p.sub.2 is 5 to 30.These compounds are suitable for a wide range of utilities in textile application. In particular, they are used as assistants for dyeing wool-containing fibre materials with anionic dyes or mixtures of dyes.

Abstract: Organic compounds having functional groups such as aromatic ester, thioester, or carbonate groups are prepared by reacting an organo- germanium, tin, or lead reactant with a suitable second reactant. For example, the ester ##STR1## is prepared by reacting the bis-tri-n-butyl tin derivative of hydroquinone with p-phenoxybenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: Polyhalohydroxyisopropyl phenylalkanoic and phenylalkenoic acids, amides, and esters, such as methyl 2-methoxy-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]benzenepro panoate, are useful as antihypertensive agents.

Abstract: Pesticidally active compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an organic radical,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, trialkylsilyl, a hydrocarbon or acyl radical, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are an amino, hydroxyl, hydroximino, alkoxy or like radical.Most of the compounds are new, as are various intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A phthalate compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms or benzyl. The compounds have a repellency action to unhygienic pests and a plasticization action to thermoplastic polymers, and are useful as a pesticide or plasticizer.

Abstract: A novel heat-curable acrylic-terminated monomer is provided which exhibits an optically anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it to undergo melt processing in the formation of molded articles, etc. Subsequent to melt processing articles prepared from the monomer are capable of being cured to produce a thermoset self-reinforced composite which is soft and flexible relative to prior art monomers. The monomer may, for example, consist essentially of the reaction product of a methacrylic-substituted phenol and terephthalic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing phthalic acid esters of formula (I) which comprises reacting the phthalic acids of formula (II) with an aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of the dialkyltinoxides of formula (III): ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are the same or different and include both straight and branch chain aliphatic alkyl groups containing 4 to 13 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are straight or branch chain aliphatic alkyl groups containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyesters of defined composition with a low content of polyalkylene glycol radicals in a narrow molecular weight range can be dispersed in water without external emulsifiers. These dispersions produce, after hardening, water and chemical resistant coatings with good mechanical properties.

Abstract: A phenol derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a secondary or tertiary hydrocarbon residue of having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, X is ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each is an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Z is an n-valent group and n is an integer of 1 to 8.This compound is effective to prevent the oxidation of organic materials.

Abstract: Carbonate polymer compositions are rendered gamma ray resistant by the incorporation of 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of the esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids such as terephthalic, isophthalic, phthalic, trimellitic, hemimellitic, trimesic, and prehnitic acids with the monoalkyl or monoaryl ethers of polyglycols. The compositions have reduced yellowing after exposure to cobalt 60 radiation.

Abstract: A composition having utility as a plasticizer for halogen-containing resins is a mixture of (a) at least two diesters of terephthalic acid or (b) at least two triesters of trimellitic acid. The diesters of terephthalic acid are represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a phenyl radical or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of the formula C.sub.n H.sub.m, wherein n is an integer of 1 through 8 inclusive and m is equal to 2n+1; R.sub.2 is either hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbon having one, two, three or four carbon atoms; x is an integer of 2 to 4 inclusive; y is an integer of 2 to 4 inclusive;The trialkyl esters of trimellitic acid are represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a phenyl radical or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of the formula C.sub.n H.sub.m wherein n is an integer of 1 through 8 inclusive and m is equal to 2n+1; R.sub.

Abstract: Esterification of aromatic dicarboxylic acids with cyclic alkylene carbonates in the presence of organic compounds containing at least one six-membered aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moiety.