Abstract: Acrylic acid is prepared from propene by means of gas-phase oxidation by a process in which a starting gas mixture which contains propene and steam and whose molar propene/steam ratio is ?1 and whose propane content is ?5% is passed at elevated temperatures through a fixed catalyst bed comprising successive catalyst part-beds A and B, the part-bed A passed through first containing, as active material, a mixed oxide containing the elements Mo, Bi and Fe and the part-bed B containing, as active material, a mixed oxide containing the elements Mo and V, in a manner such that at least 96.5 mol % of propene are converted in a single pass through part-bed A.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon, which comprises subjecting the hydrocarbon to a liquid phase catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of at least one oxidation catalyst to form an oxidized product.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite oxide catalyst to be used for gas phase oxidation of an olefin or unsaturated aldehyde with molecular oxygen to produce the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and/or unsaturated carboxylic acid, which has a uniform constant high performance, in an industrial scale and efficiently and constantly, is presented. The process comprises a step of molding a catalyst component-containing powder and a step of calcining a molded product obtained in the molding step, wherein the molding step is a step wherein graphite particles having an average particle diameter D50 of from 10 to 50 ?m and having a combustion initiating temperature in a differential thermogravimetric analysis higher by at least 50° C. than the calcination temperature in the next calcination step, are added to the catalyst component-containing powder in an amount of from 0.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which produces acrylic acid in a high yield as maintaining the conditions for purifying acrylic acid in constant ranges and preventing the acrylic acid from polymerization. By using single a single reactor, propylene concentration adjusting in the range of 7–15 vol. % and water concentration adjusting in the range of 0–10 vol. % are introduced thereinto thereby obtaining an acrylic acid-containing gas. Then the gas is introduced to an acrylic acid absorption column to adjust water concentration in the range of 1–45 wt. %, thereby preventing from polymerization.

Abstract: An oxide catalyst composition for use in producing methacrolein or a mixture of methacrolein and methacrylic acid, wherein the oxide catalyst composition is represented by the formula (Mo+W)l2BiaAbBcFedXeSbfOg, wherein: A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Y and the elements of the lanthanoid series exclusive of Pm; B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of K, Rb and Cs; X is Co solely, or a mixture of Co and at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ni; and a, b, c, d, e, f and g are, respectively, the atomic ratios of Bi, A, B, Fe, X, Sb and O, relative to twelve atoms of the total of Mo and W, wherein the atomic ratios (a to f) of the elements and the relationship between the amounts of the elements are chosen so as to satisfy specific requirements.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propene to acrylic acid, in which the reaction gas starting mixture is oxidized, with a high propene loading, in a first reaction stage, over a first fixed-bed catalyst which is housed in two successive reaction zones A, B, the reaction zone B being kept at a higher temperature than the reaction zone A, and the acrolein-containing product gas mixture of the first reaction stage is then oxidized in a second reaction stage, with a high acrolein loading, over a second fixed-bed catalyst which is housed in two successive reaction zones C, D, the reaction zone D being kept at a higher temperature than the reaction zone C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process in which, when an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid are produced by carrying out a catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction by using a fixed-bed multitubular reactor which is packed with a molybdenum-containing catalyst, the deterioration of the catalyst as located at a hot spot portion can be suppressed; so that the reaction can be continued for a long time while a high yield is maintained, regardless of where the hot spot portion occurs and also even if the concentration of a raw gas is high.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ?- or ?-unsaturated or saturated carboxylic acids. It relates more particularly to the hydroxycarbonylation of an organic compound comprising a conjugated unsaturation, such as butadiene, by the action of carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst. The carboxylic acids thus obtained are preferably pentenoic acids. According to the invention, the reaction medium after the end of the hydroxycarbonylation stage is treated with hydrogen to reduce the palladium present in the 2+ oxidation state to palladium in the zero oxidation state and the precipitated palladium is recovered.

Abstract: In producing a catalyst used for synthesis of an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid by a gas-phase catalytic oxidation, there is used a step of packing an additive-containing catalyst precursor of the catalyst into a tubular reactor, passing a gas through the tubular reactor, and elevating, in this state, the temperature of the additive-containing catalyst precursor so that a temperature of the gas at an outlet of the catalyst precursor layer becomes higher than a temperature of the gas at an inlet of the catalyst precursor layer. The step makes possible easy and highly reproducible production of a high-performance catalyst which is small in the reduction in catalytic performance caused by, for example, the thermal decomposition of the additive contained in the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Improved processes for the preparation of olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids and unsaturated nitriles involve the use of dehydrogenation catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes to alkenes and catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes and/or alkenes to unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated nitriles.

Abstract: In a process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propene to acrylic acid, the starting reaction gas mixture is oxidized at a propene loading of <160 l(STP)/l·h in a first reaction stage over a fixed catalyst bed 1 which is accommodated in two successive reaction zones A, B, and the acrolein-containing product gas mixture of the first reaction stage is subsequently oxidized in a second reaction stage over a fixed catalyst bed 2 which is a accommodated in two successive reaction zones C, D, the highest temperature of the reaction gas mixture within reaction zone A being above the highest temperature of the reaction gas mixture within reaction zone B and the highest temperature of the reaction gas mixture within reaction zone C being above the highest temperature of the reaction gas mixture within reaction zone D.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of isobutylene, t-butanol or propylene to produce respectively corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid is provided. The catalyst consists of ring-formed shaped bodies composed of (i) a catalyst composition containing at least molybdenum and bismuth as the active ingredients and (ii) inorganic fibers. The catalyst excels in mechanical strength, can give the object products at high yield and shows little activity degradation with time.

Abstract: The method of producing a catalyst for synthesis of an unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid of the present invention is characterized in that the method comprises a step of adding liquid to particles containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron and kneading the mixture, and extrusion-molding this kneaded substance, a step of preserving the molded article obtained by extrusion molding, and at least one step of drying and calcining the preserved molded article, and the contact time of particles containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron with liquid is 1 to 48 hours, and the preserving time of the molded article is 50% or more of the contact time of particles containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron with liquid. According to the production method of the present invention, catalytic activity can be easily controlled, and a catalyst having high activity and high selectivity is obtained.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids are produced by the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of mixtures of alkenes and alkanes in the presence of a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide. Similarly, unsaturated nitrites are produced by the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of alkenes or mixtures of alkenes and alkanes and ammonia in the presence of a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst suited for catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of isobutylene, t-butanol or propylene to produce respectively corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid is provided. Said catalyst consists of ring-formed shaped bodies composed of (i) a catalyst composition containing at least molybdenum and bismuth as the active ingredients and (ii) inorganic fibers. The catalyst excels in mechanical strength, can give the object products at high yield and shows little activity degradation with time.

Abstract: A process is provided which can effectively inhibit occurrence of hot spots in reaction zones or heat accumulation at the hot spots, in the occasion of producing acrolein and acrylic acid through vapor phase oxidation of propylene in the presence of a catalyst using a fixed bed shell-and-tube reactor, said catalyst having a composition represented by a general formula (1): MoaWbBicFedAeBfCgDhEiOx (wherein A is at least an element selected from Co and Ni; B is at least an element selected from P, Te, As, B, Sb, Sn, Ce, Nb, Pb, Cr, Mn and Zn; C is alkali metal element; D is alkaline earth metal element; E is at least an element selected from Si, Al, Ti and Zr; and O is oxygen; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and x denote the atomic numbers of Mo, W, Bi, Fe, A, B, C, D, E and O, respectively, and where a is 12, b is 0-5, c is 0.1-10, d is 0.1-10, e is 1-20, fis 0-5, g is 0.001-3, h is 0-3, i is 0-30, and x is a numerical value which is determined depending on the extent of oxidation of each of the elements).

Abstract: The present invention provides novel extrusion-molded catalysts which is suitably usable in the synthesis of an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation, which are prepared by molding-molding catalyst particles (or powders) comprising at least molybdenum, bismuth and iron as metallic elements participating in its catalytic action on this reaction, and which exhibit high catalytic activity and high selectivity for the unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid being desired products. When previously formed catalyst particles are subjected to extrusion molding, the catalyst particles are kneaded, for example, with a &bgr;-1,3-glucan and a liquid. Then, the kneaded material is subjected to an extrusion molding step in which a ceramic material is used for at least a part of the catalyst flow path. Thereafter, the extrusion-molded material is dried, calcined and otherwise treated to obtain a final extrusion-molded catalyst.

Abstract: An improved catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide, either promoted or not, is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A process useful for the catalytic gas phase oxidation of alkanes to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids uses catalysts of particular compositions formed in a particular manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell catalyst whose active material shell is a multimetal oxide that contains the elements Mo, V and Te and/or Sb. The invention further relates to the use of said shell catalyst for gas-phase catalytic oxidation of propane to acrylic acid.

Abstract: Improved processes for the preparation of olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids and unsaturated nitrites involve the use of dehydrogenation catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes to alkenes and catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes and/or alkenes to unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated nitriles.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is described, in which propane or isobutane is reacted with molecular oxygen in the gas phase in a fluidized-bed reactor containing a catalyst, the catalyst containing a multimetal oxide comprising molybdenum, tellurium and/or antimony, vanadium and niobium, and a catalyst activator which comprises at least one tellurium compound being added to the reactor during the reaction.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of acrylic acid by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of propene with molecular oxygen in a reaction zone, the catalytically active material is a multimetal oxide which contains the elements Mo, V, Te and/or Sb and has a specific structure.

Abstract: For a heat exchanger using a heating medium for the purpose of heating a fluid to be handled during a steady state, this invention provides a method for using relevant devices which enables the heat exchanger to be operated safely and infallibly without suffering the raw material or the reaction product to polymerize in the reactor or the pipes during an unsteady state, suffering the reactor or the pipes to sustain a fracture owing to a rise in the internal pressure of the vessel, and suffering the apparatus for production to sustain serious damage. This invention pertains, mainly in a heat exchanger admitting a heating medium and using it for the purpose of heating a fluid to be handled, to a method for using relevant devices during the unsteady state, characterized by introducing a cooling medium in the place of the heating medium mentioned above.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide Mo—V—Ga—Pd—Nb—X catalytic system, where X is selected from La, Te, and Zn, provides the oxidation of C2-C8 hydrocarbons to corresponding acids with a molecular oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing acrolein and acrylic acid by the vapor-phase oxidation of propylene in the presence of Mo—Bi—Fe-based compound oxide catalysts packed in a fixed-bed multitubular reactor wherein acrolein and acrylic acid can be stably produced in high yield for a long period of time. This process is characterized in that each reaction tube having two or more reaction zones disposed along the axis of the tube is packed with catalysts having different ratios of the Bi and/or Fe content to the Mo content in such a way that the ratio decreases from the gas inlet side toward the gas outlet side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process in which, when an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid are produced by carrying out a catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction by using a fixed-bed multitubular reactor which is packed with a molybdenum-containing catalyst, the deterioration of the catalyst as located at a hot spot portion can be suppressed; so that the reaction can be continued for a long time while a high yield is maintained, regardless of where the hot spot portion occurs and also even if the concentration of a raw gas is high.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing acrylic acid by the heterogeneously catalysed gas-phase oxidation of propane on a multi-metal oxide mass, said mass containing the elements Mo, V, Te and/or Sb and having a specific X-ray diffractogram.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids are produced by the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of mixtures of alkenes and alkanes in the presence of a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide. Similarly, unsaturated nitrites are produced by the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of alkenes or mixtures of alkenes and alkanes and ammonia in the presence of a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a production process for a catalyst for synthesis of an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, which production process is suitable for producing the catalyst with good reproducibility, wherein the catalyst is excellent in activity, selectivity, and physical strength; this catalyst; and a production process for the unsaturated aldehyde and/or the unsaturated carboxylic acid by using this catalyst.

Abstract: Improved catalysts for use in vapor phase oxidation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene, t-butanol and methyl-t-butyl ether with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas to produce the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid are provided. The improved catalysts are compositions comprising (A) a complex oxide containing as essential components molybdenum, bismuth and iron, which is known per se as a catalyst for said reaction and (B) a complex oxide containing cerium and zirconium as the essential components. When the improved catalysts are used, the production operation of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid can be continued stably for over prolonged period.

Abstract: Improved processes for the preparation of olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids and unsaturated nitrites involve the use of dehydrogenation catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes to alkenes and catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes and/or alkenes to unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated nitrites.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylic acid through vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein or acrolein-containing gas with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas using a catalyst-filled fixed bed shell-and-tube reactor is provided, which is characterized in that plural catalysts of different activity levels which are prepared by changing the kind and/or amount of alkaline metal(s) therein are filled in the reaction tubes in such an arrangement that the activity levels rise from the gas-inlet side toward the gas-outlet side of said tubes. According to this process, not only yield and productivity of acrylic acid are improved but also excessive heat, accumulation in the catalyst layer can be inhibited and catalysts degradation under heat is prevented, resulting in prolongation of catalyst life.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic acid and/or acrylates, which comprises stage A with or without stages B and C: A: cooling a gaseous reaction mixture which comprises acrylic acid and is obtained in the gas-phase oxidation to prepare acrylic acid, using an inert high-boiling solvent, to give a gaseous mixture comprising acrylic acid; B: separating the gaseous mixture comprising acrylic acid to give a low-boiling fraction, a crude acrylic acid, and a bottom product, and C: esterifying the crude acrylic acid obtained in stage B by means of one or more alkanols to give an esterification mixture comprising one or more acrylates and one or more acetic esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of adipic acid. More particularly, the present invention relates to an environmental-friendly, clean process for the preparation of adipic acid through oxidation of cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone or a mixture thereof with oxygen or oxygen-containing gas, in the presence of an oxidation initiator, a polar solvent and an organometallic &mgr;3-oxo-bridged Co/Mn cluster complex catalyst.

Abstract: A reaction for producing (metho)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid by vaporn-phase oxidation of at least a compound selected from propyl-ene, isobytylene, t-bytanol and methyl-t-butyl ether. For the process Complex oxide catalysts represented by the formula, MoaWbBicFedAeBfCgDhEiOx (in which A is Ni or Co; B is Na, K, Rb, Cs or Tl; C is an alkaline earth metal; D is P, Te, Sb, Sn, Ce, Pb, Nb, Mn, As, B or Zn; E is Si, Al, Ti or Zr; and where a is 12, 0≦b≦10, 0<c≦10, 0<d≦10, 2≦e≦15, 0<f≦10, 0≦g≦10, 0≦h≦4 and 0≦i≦30) are provided. The catalysts are characterized in that the molar ratio of the total nitrate anions to the molybdenum at the time of catalyst preparation is more than 1 but not more than 1.8.

Abstract: A process for the production of alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid with high yield at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, includes two stages for catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of olefins with molecular oxygen.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for producing (meth)acrylic acid and a process for producing (meth)acrylic acid with this apparatus wherein the apparatus enables to produce (meth)acrylic acid stably for a long period of time by effectively inhibiting the polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid in its production process (for example, in a reboiler). At least a part of the apparatus is made of a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with a molybdenum content of 3 to 20 mass %, but not including 3 mass %, or with a molybdenum content of 1 to 4 mass % and a copper content of 0.5 to 7 mass %.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by the oxidation of propylene, acrolein, or isobutylene by:

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an In promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, to an unsaturated nitrile

Abstract: A process for the production of alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid with high yield at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, includes two stages for catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of olefins with molecular oxygen.

Abstract: A process for preparing saturated carboxylic acids having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms at a reaction temperature of from 100° C. to 400° C. and pressures of from 1.2×105 Pa to 51×105 Pa by gas phase oxidation of saturated and/or unsaturated C4-hydrocarbons, with an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor in the presence of at least one catalyst. The gas leaving the reactor is partly recirculated in a reaction gas circuit. This reaction gas circuit is configured such that part of the organic acids formed in the gas-phase oxidation is taken from the gas leaving the reactor so that the acid content of the recirculated part of the gas leaving the reactor is from 0.01% to 6.0% by volume.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for stabilizing waste oil which is taken of each chemical apparatus of the manufacturing line of (meth)acryl acid and/or ester thereof, and treating the waste oil such as draining it out of the production apparatus, for example, a distillation tower from its bottom, sending and transporting it by a pump through a pipeline, and storing it in a storage tank in a simple manner while keeping the waste oil in a stable state. The waste oil can be stabilized by coexisting with solvent. The solvent used in the present invention is typically at least one selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, ether, carboxylic acid, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of acrolein by gas-phase partial oxidation under heterogeneous catalysis, a reaction gas starting mixture which contains propene and molecular oxygen in a molar C3H6:O2 ratio of >1 is reacted in reaction zones connected in series, at elevated temperatures, over solid-state catalysts, further molecular oxygen being added to the reaction gas mixture in the course of the partial oxidation.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: As an improvement in the process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids through vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of at least one starting compound selected from propylene, isobutylene, t-butanol and methyl-t-butyl ether with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas, using a fixed bed shell-and-tube type reactor which is filled with shaped catalysts, a process capable of effectively inhibiting occurrence of hot spots or excessive heat generation at the hot spots and producing unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids at high yields is provided.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective preparation of acetic acid from a gaseous feed comprising ethane, ethylene or mixtures thereof plus oxygen at elevated temperature, which comprises bringing the gaseous feed into contact with a catalyst comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen MoaPdbXcYd??(I) where the symbols X and Y have the following meanings: X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and/or W, in particular Nb, V and W; Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Cu, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, TI and U, in particular Ca, Sb, Te and Li. The present invention further provides a catalyst for the selective preparation of acetic acid comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in the gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen.