Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of tertiary-butyl-containing compounds to methacrylic derivatives, and more particularly to a process for the conversion of tertiary-butyl-containing compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl tertiary-butyl ethers, tertiary-butyl alcohol, isobutylene dimer (2,2,4-trimethylpentene) and isobutylene trimer, to methacrolein, methacrylic acid or methacrylonitrile.

Abstract: The process comprises the vapor phase oxidation of lower molecular weight olefins to the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of a catalyst comprising the oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and at least one element of the Group II elements as essential components, and optionally the oxides of phosphorus, arsenic and an alkali metal.

Abstract: Oxide complex catalysts comprising Fe-Sb-Bi-O.sub.x promoted with a wide variety of different elements have been found to be especially useful in the ammoxidation of olefins to nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Not only are the desired nitriles obtained with high yields when these catalysts are used, but also the production of unwanted liquid byproducts such as acrolein, acrylic acid and acetonitrile is significantly reduced.

Abstract: Methacrolein is produced by a vapor phase oxidation of isobutylene or tertiary butanol in the presence of a complex oxide catalyst having the formulaMo.sub.a Co.sub.b Fe.sub.c Bi.sub.d Tl.sub.e X.sub.f Y.sub.g Z.sub.h O.sub.iwherein X represents V and/or Nb; Y represents La and/or Ce; and Z represents Cs and/or Te and a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i represent atomic ratios wherein a=12; b=3 to 15; c=0.4 to 5; d=0.4 to 5; e=0.01 to 2; f=0.01 to 2; g=0 to 2; h=0 to 2; and i is determined by the valences of the non-oxygen components of the catalyst and is usually in a range of 40 to 79.

Abstract: Catalysts for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes, said catalysts being expressed by the formulaA.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Mo.sub.d P.sub.e O.sub.fwherein A represents at least one element selected from K, Rb, Cs and Tl; B represents at least one element selected from Be, Ag, Y, La, Nd, Sm and Hf; C represents at least one element selected from V, Cr, Ba, Sr, Al, Sn, Pb, Mn, Zr, W and Bi; a, b, c, d, e and f are the number of the atoms of A, B, C, Mo, P and O, respectively; and when d is 12, a, b and e are independently 0.05 to 12, c is 0 to 12, and f is the number of oxygen atoms which satisfies the valences of the other elements.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids are scrubbed from gas phase mixtures of such acids and water by gas absorption techniques utilizing a liquid solvent comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol or a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether thereof. The solvent enriched with the acid is subjected to distillation to recover a substantially anhydrous acid product.

Abstract: A butene may be oxidized in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures to produce acetic acid by reacting the butene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a composition of the empirical formula:V.sub.f Sb.sub.g X.sub.h Me.sub.i O.sub.Jwherein V is vanadium, Sb is antimony, and O is oxygen, wherein X represents a metal which is one or more of Bi, Nb, Co, Nd, Sm, Zn, Zr or Cr, and wherein Me represents a metal which is one or more of Al, Fe or Sn, the metal represented by Me being optionally present.

Abstract: An olefin having 4 carbon atoms or t-butyl alcohol is catalytically oxidized in the gas phase with molecular oxygen at 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. to give the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde, unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or conjugated diene in the presence of a catalyst having the formula:Mo.sub.a Sb.sub.b Bi.sub.c Fe.sub.c Ni.sub.e Co.sub.f Sn.sub.g X.sub.h Y.sub.i O.sub.jwherein a to j represent the atomic ratio of each component and a is 12, b is 0.2 to 20, c is 0.2 to 12, d is 0.2 to 12, e is 0.2 to 12, f is 0 to 20, g is 0 to 20, h is 0.01 to 4, i is 0.01 to 4 and j is a value determined by the valencies of the elements in the catalyst, and wherein X is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, and Y is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of selenium, tellurium, gallium, vanadium, ruthenium, zinc, niobium, magnesium, chromium, manganese, cadmium and tantalum.

Abstract: A method of preparing an oxidation catalyst which comprises combining in an aqueous solution, an acid or salt of molybdenum with a water-soluble acid or non-metallic salt of silicon, phosphorus or arsenic, which is capable of forming a polyhedra of molybdenum. An aqueous chloride ion and a compound of phosphotungstate, silicotungstate, vanadium arsenate, silicoarsenate, phosphovanadate, silicovanadate or corresponding acids thereof or mixtures thereof are then added to the mixture. The resulting combination is dried and calcined to yield the finished catalyst.The oxidation catalyst has the following empirical formulua:Y.sub.w Mo.sub.x A.sub.y O.sub.zwhere Y is phosphorus, arsenic, silicon or mixtures thereof,A is tungsten, vanadium, arsenic, when Y is not arsenic, or mixtures thereof,w ranges from 0.5 to 1.5,x ranges from 10 to 15,y ranges from 0.1 to 2.0, andz ranges from 1 to 42, and is an integer necessary to satisfy the valency requirements of the formula.

Abstract: A process for catalytic vapor phase oxidation which comprises using a fixed-bed shell and tube heat exchange type reactor in which a bundle of a multiplicity of tubes filled with at least one type of oxidizing catalyst are disposed in a shell and these tubes are passed through the apertures formed in at least one perforated shield plate to partition the inside of the shell into at least two heat transfer medium feed zones and in such a manner that each of the tubes passing through the perforated shield plate is not in direct contaction with the shield plate but the outer surface of the tube and the inner surface of the aperture are spaced apart by a distance of between 0.2-5 mm, supplying feed gas to the tubes of the reactor, and conducting exothermic catalytic vapor phase oxidation while controlling the temperatures for the heat transfer medium in each of the zones so that the temperature difference between each of the zones can be maintained between 0.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vapor phase process for high yield conversion of C.sub.4 -hydrocarbons to maleic acid and acetic acid with a heteropolymolybdic acid catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids using a catalyst containing iron, bismuth, molybdenum plus at least one of nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium or calcium and according to the invention, an element selected from germanium, cerium, thorium, manganese, niobium, chromium, praseodymium, yttrium, zirconium, ruthenium, gallium, tin, indium, copper, lanthanum, tantalum or tungsten. These catalysts may also contain certain elements that further enhance the desirability of the oxidation process.

Abstract: The process comprises the vapor phase oxidation of lower molecular weight olefins to the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of a catalyst comprising the oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and at least one element of the Group II elements as essential components, and optionally the oxides of phosphorus, arsenic and an alkali metal.

Abstract: The process comprises the vapor phase oxidation of lower molecular weight olefins to the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of a catalyst comprising the oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and at least one element of the Group II elements as essential components, and optionally the oxides of phosphorus, arsenic and an alkali metal.

Abstract: Catalysts having a substantially spherical shape, a void center and a hole in the external surface communicating to the void center have been found to be especially effective in the oxidation of monoolefins to the corresponding unsaturated oxygenated compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of a new catalyst and in methods for the preparation of oxidation products such as unsaturated acids, nitriles, and aldehydes by vapor phase oxidation in the presence of the catalyst. The catalyst gives high productivity of desired products over a prolonged period of operation, high selectivity over a prolonged period of operation and prolonged life of the oxidation catalyst system.The catalyst, on a molar basis, has the composition Sb.sub.0-.1 Sn.sub.0-.1 Te.sub..001-1 As.sub.0-1 A.sub.0-1 /Y.sub.12 X.sub.2-12 Sb.sub.0-1 Th.sub..01-1 U.sub.0-2 Si.sub.0-50 -P.sub.0-5 Ox, wherein A is Bi and/or Cd, and X is Co or Fe or both, and Y is Mo or W, or both.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylic acid from propylene through acrolein as an intermediate by catalytic vapor phase oxidation, which comprises passing a starting reactant gas mixture containing propylene, a molecular oxygen-containing gas and steam through a first-stage reactor packed with a molybdenum-containing multi-component catalyst, passing the resulting acrolein-containing gas through a second-stage reactor packed with a multi-component catalyst containing vanadium and molybdenum, introducing the resulting acrylic acid-containing gas to an acrylic acid collector thereby to recover acrylic acid in the form of an aqueous solution, and incorporating a part of the exhaust gas from the collector in the starting reactant gas mixture.

Abstract: An olefin having 4 carbon atoms or t-butyl alcohol is catalytically oxidized in the gas phase with molecular oxygen at 200 to 450.degree. C to give the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde, unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or conjugated diene in the presence of a catalyst having the formula:Mo.sub.a Sb.sub.b Bi.sub.c Fe.sub.d Ni.sub.e Co.sub.f Sn.sub.g X.sub.h Y.sub.i O.sub.jwherein a to j represent the atomic ratio of each component and a is 12, b is 0.2 to 20, c is 0.2 to 12, d is 0.2 to 12, e is 0.2 to 12, f is 0 to 20, g is 0 to 20, h is 0.01 to 4, i is 0.01 to 4 and j is a value determined by the valencies of the elements in the catalyst, and wherein X is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, and Y is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of selenium, tellurium, gallium, vanadium, ruthenium, zinc, niobium, magnesium, chromium, manganese, cadmium and tantalum.

Abstract: At least one compound from the group of unsaturated hydrocarbons of three to four carbon atoms and t-butyl alcohol is oxidized catalytically in the gas phase in the presence of molecular oxygen at 200.degree.-450.degree. C to produce the corresponding aldehyde or acid over a calcined catalyst of the formula Mo.sub.a Sb.sub.b Bi.sub.c Fe.sub.d Ni.sub.e Sn.sub.f X.sub.g Y.sub.h O.sub.i wherein X is at least one of potassium, rubidium or cesium, Y is at least one of cobalt, uranium, germanium, tungsten or titanium, a to h are atomic ratios wherein a=12, b=0.2 to 20, c=0.2 to 12, d=0.2 to 12, e=0.2 to 12, f=0 to 20, g=0.01 to 4 and h=0 to 6 and i is a value determined by the oxidation state of the metal atoms in the catalyst.An embodiment of the calcined catalyst of the invention has the formula Mo.sub.a Sb.sub.b Bi.sub.c Fe.sub.d Ni.sub.e Sn.sub.f X.sub.g Y.sub.h Z.sub.j O.sub.i wherein X and y are as defined above and Z is palladium and a to j are atomic ratios wherein a=12, b=0.2 to 20, c=0.2 to 12, d=0.