Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to nucleic acid vaccines. The vaccines include at least one RNA polynucleotides having a open reading reading frame encoding at least varicella zoster virus (VZV) antigen. Methods for preparing and using such vaccines are also described.

Abstract: Provided are novel lipid nanoparticles for delivering nucleic acids such as mRNA. Also provided are methods of making and using lipid nanoparticles for delivering nucleic acids such as mRNA.

Abstract: A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a quencher in the form of an ammonium salt consisting of an ammonium cation having an iodized aromatic ring bonded to the nitrogen atom via a C1-C20 hydrocarbylene group which may contain an ester bond or ether bond and a carboxylate anion having an iodized or brominated hydrocarbyl group offers a high sensitivity and minimal LWR or improved CDU, independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

Abstract: A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a quencher in the form of an ammonium salt consisting of an ammonium cation having an iodized aromatic ring bonded to the nitrogen atom via a C1-C20 hydrocarbylene group and an anion derived from an iodized or brominated phenol offers a high sensitivity and minimal LWR or improved CDU, independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating colitis. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composition for preventing or treating colitis comprises S-allyl-L-cysteine, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate or hydrate of the same as an active ingredient, and exhibits an anti-inflammatory action in colitis. The composition for preventing or treating colitis has outstanding effects in preventing and alleviating colitis due to the effect of the anti-inflammatory action and the effect of an antioxidant action of S-allyl-L-cysteine, while at the same time S-allyl-L-cysteine is not accompanied by side-effects, therefore, has a wide scope of use against colitis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dietary supplement that promote the growth, repair, and maintenance of mammalian bone and joint connective tissue. In particular, the dietary supplement comprises a combination of at least one metal chelate and at least one chondroprotective agent.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement for a human, the supplement having a chelate comprised of an N-acetyl-L-cysteine ligand bonded to a metal to form a chelate ring. A method for preparing a chelate comprised of N-acetyl-L-cysteine ligand and a metal having the steps of: dissolving an amount of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in an aqueous solution, adding a metal to the aqueous solution, stifling and heating the aqueous solution, and removing the solvent under reduced pressure. A method of treating a human for one or more of oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, ADHD, bipolar, schizophrenia, autism, dementia, and HIV in a human comprising administering an effective amount of a composition having N-acetyl-L-cysteine in a chelate formation with a metal. A compound having a chelate formulation with a metal being chelated by an N-acetyl-L-cysteine ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel drug conjugates, where in two drugs are linked together through an appropriate linker having at least two functional groups capable of forming covalent bond with drugs D1 and D2. The invention also relates to developing novel compositions, methods for their preparation and their use in treating various disease conditions.

Abstract: Described herein are multi-dimensional networks that can include a recurring unit of Formula (I) and a recurring unit of Formula (II), and methods of synthesizing and using the same.

Abstract: Compositions based on amino acids are described, for improving the myocardial ventricular function in patients suffering from diabetes, particularly but not exclusively II type diabetes. The compositions according to the invention comprise up to 75% of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine, as active ingredients. Preferably, the compositions also comprise, as further active ingredients, up to 50% of threonine and lysine. Other essential amino acids are preferably also provided, in particular methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryphtophan, as well as non essential amino acids, in particular tyrosine and/or cyst(e)ine (i.e., cystine and cysteine). Other amino acids can be added, provided that their sum is in a percentage being lower than 20% with respect to the other active ingredients, and less than 10% for each single amino acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new prescription of NAC in the treatment of endometriosis and of indications associated with endometriosis, in a human or mammalian animal patient. In addition an effective dose regimen of NAC in the treatment of endometriosis is proposed. In one embodiment of the present invention the prescribed treatment regimen may be used e.g. in order to control the frequency and the intensity of pain symptoms (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and acyclic chronic pelvic pain), to reduce the size of endometriotic lesions eventually up to their disappearance, to reduce recurrences after surgery and/or to improve fertility. Side effects of this treatment are virtually absent and, in particular, this treatment does not hinder pregnancy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preventing blood-brain barrier reperfusion injury in a mammalian blood-brain barrier endothelial cell during reperfusion following ischemic stroke comprising administering an effective amount of a ?-glutamyl-D-cysteine antioxidant to the subject and a kit for doing the same.

Abstract: Cysteine amino-acid compound (or its analogues) used in the disruption of microbial biofilms by treatment of prevention of diseases generated by phytopathogenic bacteria attacking plants of agricultural interest represented by an innovative solution within the agriculture sector, where said compound can be used in the pharmacological form, as a drug associated with fertilizer for the combat of bacterial diseases which form microbial biofilms, such as citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), citric canker’, huanlongbing (HLB) disease or ‘greening’, amongst other, which inventive concept, as such, never before completed, resides in the benefit deriving from the cysteine amino-acid, and all of its analogues, in the inhibitory action and progressive disruption of the microbial biofilm thus liberating the nutritive flux and hydration of the root to the upper part of the plant and the subsequent regression of the disease symptoms, with the added advantage that the cysteine amino-acid compound is non-toxic, guaranteeing h

Abstract: The invention relates to an antimicrobial agent where a cysteine compound is covalently bound to a substrate, in particular by binding through an S—S bridge via a spacer molecule to the substrate. The spacer comprises a carbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, e.g. O, S, N, P and Si; the chain is optionally substituted with one or more alkyl groups, preferably lower alkyl groups with 1-5 carbon atoms, hydroxyl groups or alkoxy groups. Also, the invention refers to a substrate that is coated with the antimicrobial agent of the invention. The agent has excellent antimicrobial properties and can be used to coat surfaces and substrates of various devices, such as medical devices or devices used in food handling, in order to prevent or inhibit accumulation and/or growth and/or proliferation and/or the viability of microorganisms and/or formation of biofilm.

Abstract: Subject of the invention is a method for the production of L-carnitine, comprising the steps of (a) providing a solution comprising at least 5% (w/w) carnitine in a first solvent, wherein the carnitine is a mixture of D- and L-carnitine, (b) optionally seeding the solution with L-carnitine crystals, (c) adding an second solvent, in which the L-carnitine is not soluble or has a low solubility, (d) isolating crystals comprising L-carnitine.

Abstract: A metformin-cysteine prodrug. It is believed that the prodrug of the present invention will transport in the LAT1 and LAT2 transporter system. Because the LAT1 and LAT2 transporters are important and effective transporters of amino acids in both the small intestine and colon, it is believed that the LAT-transportable prodrugs of the present invention will be effectively absorbed both in small intestine and in the colon. The increased absorption window provided by the present invention should result in highly sustained plasma concentrations of metformin, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the medication and allowing for a single daily dose.

Abstract: To provide a method for recovering a precious metal from a solution containing precious metal ions, an extracting agent or adsorbent used therefor, and a back-extracting agent or desorbent. An extracting agent or adsorbent in which precious metal ions are extracted or adsorbed, is brought into contact with a back-extracting agent or desorbent containing a sulfur-containing amino acid derivative represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a vinyl group, a C3-8 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group, or a C6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, R2's are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a vinyl group, a C3-8 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group or a C6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, and n is 0 or 1, to obtain a solution containing the precious metal ions, which is subjected to a reduction treatment to obtain a precious metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds as novel thymidylate synthase inhibitors, novel strategies to treat or prevent neoplasia in a subject, methods and compositions thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition for treating anxiety disorder, particularly to a pharmaceutical composition comprising N-acetyl-L-cysteine or its derivatives for treating anxiety disorder such as post traumatic stress disorder or phobia. In accordance with the present disclosure, N-acetyl-L-cysteine can block the renewal of fear memories for a sustained period of time when it was administered during or after an exposure therapy to treat post traumatic stress disorder or phobia.

Abstract: The present invention provides new retinoid compounds and uses of the compounds in humans and animals for non-neoplastic dermal or inflammatory conditions or disorders.

Abstract: Divalent salts of S-allylmercapto-N-acetylcysteine and related compositions are disclosed which can be administered in order to provide protection from the formation of aldehyde-protein adducts, protein carbonylation, protein aggregation, and the resulting neuroinflammation. Various neurodegenerative diseases which are suitable for treatment using these compositions include Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Lewy body disease, peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, stroke and cerebral ischemia.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel physiological substrates of mammalian glutaminyl cyclase (QC, EC 2.3.2.5), new effectors of QC and the use of such effectors and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such effectors for the treatment of diseases that can be treated by modulation of QC-activity, e.g. diseases selected from the group consisting of duodenal cancer with or w/o Heliobacter pylori infections, colorectal cancer, Zolliger-Ellison syndrome, Familial British Dementia and Familial Danish Dementia.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and compositions characterized, in certain embodiments, by conjugation of various groups, such as lipophilic groups, to an amino or amide group of an amino acid, a linear or cyclic peptide, a linear or cyclic polypeptide, or structural isomer thereof, to provide compounds of the present invention, collectively referred to herein as “APPLs”. Such APPLs are deemed useful for a variety of applications, such as, for example, improved nucleotide delivery. Exemplary APPLs include, but are not limited to, compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), and (VI), and salts thereof, as described herein: wherein m, n, p, R?, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, Z, W, Y, and Z are as defined herein.

Abstract: Among other things, the present invention provides novel compounds capable of effectively inhibiting inflammatory responses that are mediated by G-proteins or GPCRs in neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. In particular, the compounds of the present invention act as inhibitors of edema, inhibitors of erythema and inhibitors of MPO (myeloperoxidase), pharmaceutical compositions containing the same compounds and the use thereof for the treatment of diseases that may benefit from edema, erythema and MPO inhibition, such as inflammation (acute or chronic), asthma, autoimmune diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airways disease, etc.), inflammatory responses of the immune system, skin diseases (e.g., reducing acute skin irritation for patients suffering from rosacea, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis), irritable bowel syndrome (e.g., Chron's disease and ulcerative colitis, etc.), and central nervous system disorders (e.g.

Abstract: S-allylmercapto-N-acetylcysteine and related compounds are disclosed which can be administered in order to provide protection from the formation of aldehyde-protein adducts, protein carbonylation, protein aggregation, and the resulting neuroinflammation. Various neurodegenerative diseases which are suitable for treatment using these compounds include Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Lewy body disease, peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, stroke and cerebral ischemia.

Abstract: Methods of treating or reducing biofilms, treating a biofilm-related disorder, and preventing biofilm formation using D-amino acids are described.

Abstract: A non-crystalline amorphism of oxidized glutathione is produced by drying a crystal of oxidized glutathione hexahydrate at a temperature of 40 to 90° C.

Abstract: Among other things, the present invention provides novel isoprenyl compounds capable of effectively modulating inflammatory responses and pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cosmeceutical and topical compositions comprising these isoprenyl compounds. Anti-inflammatory compounds of the present invention are useful in treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with inflammation. Proinflammatory compounds of the present invention are useful in treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with suppression of inflammatory responses. Thus, the present invention also provides methods useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions associated with inflammation as well as methods useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions associated with suppression of inflammatory responses.

Abstract: Among other things, the present invention provides novel compounds capable of effectively inhibiting inflammatory responses that are mediated by G-proteins or GPCRs in neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. In particular, the compounds of the present invention act as inhibitors of edema, inhibitors of erythema and inhibitors of MPO (myeloperoxidase), pharmaceutical compositions containing the same compounds and the use thereof for the treatment of diseases that may benefit from edema, erythema and MPO inhibition, such as inflammation (acute or chronic), asthma, autoimmune diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airways disease, etc.), inflammatory responses of the immune system, skin diseases (e.g., reducing acute skin irritation for patients suffering from rosacea, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis), irritable bowel syndrome (e.g., Chron's disease and ulcerative colitis, etc.), and central nervous system disorders (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is an agent for use in the treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Also disclosed is an agent for inhibiting the production of TNF-?. A therapeutic or prophylactic agent for inflammatory bowel disease comprising at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, cystine and threonine, the amino acid being administered at a dose of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day; and a TNF-? production inhibitor comprising an amino acid selected from the group consisting of histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, the amino acid being administered at a dose of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of nano-organocatalysts, and, more specifically, to the use of magnetic nanomaterial-supported organocatalysts. It is an object of the present invention to provide “green” catalysts and protocols. According to one embodiment of the invention, a nano-organocatalyst in the form of a magnetic nanomaterial-supported organocatalyst is provided. According to other embodiments of the invention, glutathione and cysteine are provided as organocatalysts and magnetic nanomaterial-supported glutathione and magnetic nanomaterial-supported cysteine are provided for use as nano-organocatalysts. According to another embodiment of the invention, a method of using a recyclable magnetic nanomaterial-supported organocatalyst using a totally benign aqueous protocol, without using any organic solvent in the reaction or during the workup, is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are substituted fluoromethanes; pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the same; processes for preparing these fluoromethanes; and methods of using the same in alleviating infection and parasitism. Also disclosed are methods for identifying substituted fluoromethanes for modulating the activity of receptors and enzymes that bind and/or modify phosphate containing ligands and substrates.

Abstract: Derivatives of drugs are provided, said derivatives comprising the H2S-releasing moiety 4-hydroxythiobenzamide that is either covalently linked to the drug or forms a salt with the drug. The compounds of the present invention exhibit enhanced activity or reduced side effects or both.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new prescription of NAC in the treatment of endometriosis and of indications associated with endometriosis, in a human or mammalian animal patient. In addition an effective dose regimen of NAC in the treatment of endometriosis is proposed. In one embodiment of the present invention the prescribed treatment regimen may be used e.g. in order to control the frequency and the intensity of pain symptoms (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and acyclic chronic pelvic pain), to reduce the size of endometriotic lesions eventually up to their disappearance, to reduce recurrences after surgery and/or to improve fertility. Side effects of this treatment are virtually absent and, in particular, this treatment does not hinder pregnancy.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing Cilastatin Sodium including dissolving Cilastatin acid in a solvent using an organic base, adding sodium salt of a week acid and isolating Cilastatin Sodium.

Abstract: A composition including S-allyl-L-cysteine as an active ingredient and having an anti-Helicobacter pylori activity or a gastric mucosa protective effect, a composition for preventing, relieving, or treating gastrointestinal disorders, and a method of using the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds as novel thymidylate synthase inhibitors, novel strategies to treat or prevent neoplasia in a subject, methods and compositions thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a composition for alleviating ultraviolet irradiation-induced damage, which can be used on a daily based and is stable and safe; and a pharmaceutical preparation, a cosmetic and a food composition, each of which comprises the composition. The composition for alleviating ultraviolet irradiation-induced damage contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of D-glutamic acid, L-glutamic acid, D-proline, D-cystine, L-cystine, and derivatives and/or salts of the aforementioned compounds. The composition can be used as an external formulation for the skin, a cosmetic composition, an anti-wrinkle agent, a sunscreen agent, a pharmaceutical composition for treating and/or preventing skin diseases, a food composition, or a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cataract.

Abstract: The invention provides compound which is an 18F-radiolabelled S-propylhomocysteine or a derivative thereof. The compound has an enantiomeric purity of at least about 90%. 18F-radiolabelled S-propylhomocysteine may be made by treating an N-protected ester of a substituted S-propylhomocysteine with a complexed F? salt in the presence of a base to form a protected product and then deprotecting the protected product to form the 18F-radiolabelled S-propylhomocysteine. In this method the N-protected ester has a leaving group on the S-propyl group and has an enantiomeric purity of at least about 90%. The base should be such that it does not cause racemisation of the protected product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of Cilastatin Sodium of formula (I). The present invention also provides an isolation technique for Cilastatin acid from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Provided are a coenzyme Q10 nanoparticle, a method of preparing the same and a composition having the nanoparticle. According to the present invention, Coenzyme Q10 may be dissolved in only a water-miscible organic solvent, and easily made into a nano-sized particle and solubilized under a low energy condition, for example, by simple stirring. The coenzyme Q10 may be dispersion-stabilized by an amino acid or protein. The coenzyme Q10 is formed in a nano-sized particle and solubilized, an absorption rate may be increased and simultaneously deliver the amino acid and protein with the nanoparticle. Thus, the coenzyme Q10 nanoparticle can be effectively used in food, cosmetics and medicine.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the use of ?-glutamyl antioxidants, particularly ?-glutamyl-cysteine, as cytoprotective agents to prevent reperfusion injury (i.e., hemorrhagic transformation) of the blood-brain barrier during reperfusion following an ischemic stroke. The ?-glutamyl antioxidants can be used alone or used in combination with an agent which inhibits the reverse movement of Na/Ca exchange in the blood-brain barrier such as 2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea methanesulphonate (KB-R7943).

Abstract: A metformin-cysteine prodrug. It is believed that the prodrug of the present invention will transport in the LAT1 and LAT2 transporter system. Because the LAT1 and LAT2 transporters are important and effective transporters of amino acids in both the small intestine and colon, it is believed that the LAT-transportable prodrugs of the present invention will be effectively absorbed both in small intestine and in the colon. The increased absorption window provided by the present invention should result in highly sustained plasma concentrations of metformin, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the medication and allowing for a single daily dose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controlled-release composition which provides a therapeutically effective plasma concentration of N-acetylcysteine over prolonged period of time. The present invention also includes the use of the controlled-release composition, either alone or in combination with at least one additional active agent, for reduction of vascular inflammation marker and treatment of diseases, conditions, and/or symptoms associated with systemic and/or vascular inflammation in a patient. Furthermore, the present invention provides a process of making granules comprising N-acetylcysteine, or a salt, solvate, prodrug, and/or analog thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to propionic acids, propionic acid esters, and related compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of various diseases or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of Central Nervous System (CNS).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for synthesizing a peptide thioester by using a compound that can be easily obtained within a relatively short time under conditions in which a side reaction is unlikely to occur. In the present invention, a thioester bond is formed by elongating a peptide chain using N-alkyl cysteine as the C-terminal amino acid according to the Fmoc method, carrying out deprotection, and then causing the peptide bond to undergo N—S transfer to the thiol group of N-alkyl cysteine under weak acidic conditions.

Abstract: The object of the invention is the use of compounds comprising one or more free sulphhydryl or amino groups for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for locally binding acetaldehyde in saliva, the stomach or the large intestine, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the said compounds.

Abstract: Compositions and methods to inhibit adverse physiological effects caused by resin-based and resin-containing materials are disclosed. More specifically, the use of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) to inhibit hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-mediated cell death and cytotoxicity.

Abstract: Use of a pharmaceutically acceptable oxidation or reduction agent for disulfide bridges containing organic compounds for the treatment of odor formation in humans due to the consumption of allium plants or allium plant stuffs.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of nano-organocatalysts, and, more specifically, to the use of magnetic nanomaterial-supported organocatalysts. It is an object of the present invention to provide “green” catalysts and protocols. According to one embodiment of the invention, a nano-organocatalyst in the form of a magnetic nanomaterial-supported organocatalyst is provided. According to other embodiments of the invention, glutathione and cysteine are provided as organocatalysts and magnetic nanomaterial-supported glutathione and magnetic nanomaterial-supported cysteine are provided for use as nano-organocatalysts. According to another embodiment of the invention, a method of using a recyclable magnetic nanomaterial-supported organocatalyst using a totally benign aqueous protocol, without using any organic solvent in the reaction or during the workup, is provided.