Abstract: A naphthol derivative represented by the general formula (I), [wherein Y and Y′ indicate —(CONH)n—X or —COR; X is a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthraquinonyl group, a benzimidazolonyl group or a carbazolyl group; R is a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a benzyloxy group, a phenyloxy group or a phenacyloxy group; R2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkaline metal, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenylalkyl group; Z is a group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a nitroso group and an amino group (Z may be substituted on any ring of the naphthalene ring); and n is an integer of 1 or 2; provided that R2 and Z do not simultaneously indicate a hydrogen atom when both R simultaneously indicate a hydroxyl group], and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: N,N-disubstituted formamides, wherein the substituents are selected to provide formamides which have low volatility, are useful as halogenation catalysts. Such catalysts are generally less hazardous to use than typical formamide halogenation catalysts because toxic catalyst by-products are also less volatile. Methods for using such catalysts are provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are hydrogen or alkyl, and R is hydrogen or alkyl, which comprises removing the protective group (P) of hydroxyl of a compound of the formula (II): ##STR2## wherein P is a protective group of hydroxyl, .about. indicates an E-isomer, Z-isomer or a mixture thereof, and the other symbols are as defined above; and an intermediate for the production of the compound of the formula (I).

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound comprising: ##STR1## wherein A=H or OHX=OH, a halogen, OR, NHR, NR'R" where R, R', and R"=H, C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.2-8 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or heterocyclic, substituted or unsubstituted; andR.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 =H, C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.2-8 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cyloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, wherein R.sub.1 includes at least one methylene spacer through which R.sub.1 is attached to said compound. The present invention also provides methods for making hydroxynaphthoic acids.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula F(CF.sub.2).sub.q --(CH.sub.2).sub.p-1 --COX' wherein q ranges from 6-15, p ranges from 3-15 and X' is halogen are useful as reactants for hydroxylated block copolymers or polyamines to produce fluorinated polymers.

Abstract: A process for producing phosgene is disclosed which involves contacting a mixture comprising CO and Cl.sub.2 (e.g, at about 300.degree. C. or less) with a silicon carbide catalyst having a surface area of at least 10 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel alkoxyacrylic thiol esters, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as fungicides, and to novel intermediates and to a plurality of processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The 136 labeled compounds chloroacetic acid (CA), chloroacetamide (CAM), and chloroactonitrile (CCN), have been synthesized, and provide the site reactivity probes (SRP) of the present disclosure. The reactivity of diverse environmental sites and samples, including activated sludge, dump sites, coastal marne water, soil, and lake sediments, have been assessed for site reactivity using the disclosed probes, and provide a useful and accurate index of the sites transformation potential and environmental profile. Methods of using these probes in the assessment of a sample from a desired environment are also disclosed. Application in health, remediation, and environmental profiling of a region may be provided with the various site reactivity probes described. Particular methods for assessing the effectiveness of remediation efforts and in gauging the effects of treatments to an environmental site are further particular applications of the technology disclosed herein.

Abstract: Herbicidal 1-alkyl-4-(2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzoyl)-5-hydroxypyrazole compounds, as well as 1-halo-2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene compounds and 2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzoic acid compounds, were prepared in good yield by the reaction of the corresponding 3-chloro compound with an alkali metal alkoxide compound. 1-Halo-2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene and 1-halo-2,3-dichloro-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene compounds were converted to compounds having hydroxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or 1-alkyl-5-hydroxypyrazole-4-carbonyl substituents in place of the 1-halo substituent by reaction with carbon monoxide and water, an alcohol, or a 1-alkyl-5-hydroxypyrazole compound, respectively, in the presence of a palladium II salt:trihydrocarbylphosphine complex type catalyst.

Abstract: A process for recovering 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid in highly pure form from a mixture of 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid and impurities which may be obtained in the production of a beta lactam antibiotic, by degrading impurities and separating off the volatile fragments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing an aromatic compound having the general formula ##STR1## where R is CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, OC.sub.2 F.sub.5, CN, NCO, or COCl, m is 0, 1, or 2, n is 0, 1, or 2, q is 1 or 2, and q+m+n is an integer from 1 to 5. A vapor is prepared of a substrate having the general formula ##STR2## and a chlorinating agent. The mixture is reacted at a temperature above the boiling point of the substrate but below its decomposition temperature. The amount of chlorinating agent is about 0.5 to about 2 times the amount stoichiometrically required to replace the nitro groups on the substrate with chlorine. Unreacted substrate and partially reacted substrate are condensed from the product mixture and are recycled. The substrate is preferably in contact with the chlorinating agent before it is vaporized.

Abstract: A process for preparing chlorodifluoroacetyl chloride from 1,1-difluoro-2,2-dichloroethylene and dichloroacetyl chloride from trichloroethylene or 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which the starting compounds are continuously reacted in the gaseous phase with oxygen to obtain a photochemical oxidation reaction, chlorine being added as a sensitizer, the reaction mixture being irradiated with light having a wavelength .lambda..gtoreq.280 nm, the reaction preferably being carried out unpressurized. Particularly high yields with height selectivity are achieved by using doped high pressure mercury vapor lamps to irradiate the reaction mixture.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a process for the selective introduction of one or more fluorine atoms into a disubstituted aromatic compound in an acid medium with fluorine gas characterized in that the acid medium has a dielectric constant of at least 20 and a pH of less than 3. The present process provides a cost effective means of selectively introducing one or more fluorine atoms into an aromatic compound in good overall yield.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are hydrogen or alkyl, and R is hydrogen or alkyl, which comprises removing the protective group (P) of hydroxyl of a compound of the formula (II): ##STR2## wherein P is a protective group of hydroxyl, .about. indicates an E-isomer, Z-isomer or a mixture thereof, and the other symbols are as defined above; and an intermediate for the production of the compound of the formula (I).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a compound which imparts a sufficient water repellency and a suitable oil repellency to substrates such as a fiber, a paper, a wood material, a hide, a leather, a resin, a glass, a metal, etc. The compound of the present invention is a fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid of the general formula (I), and its derivative of the general formula (II) (e.g. fluoroalkyl alcohol, fluoroalkyl carboxylic acid chloride, fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid amide and fluoroalkylamine).

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acards that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds are particularly useful for systemic control of pests.

Abstract: Certain fluoroalkanoic acids and derivatives, including 2-fluoroisobutyric acid and 2-fluoroisobutyryl chloride, useful as intermediates for fungicides, and methods of preparing them.

Abstract: Methyl aromatic compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meaning given in the description,can be reacted in an advantageous manner using free-radicals to give the associated trichloromethyl or tribromomethyl aromatic compounds, if the reaction is carried out in the presence of one or more chlorides or bromides of the heavy alkali metals.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds, for example, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine or 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, are particularly useful for systemic control of pests. Novel method and intermediates for the preparation of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine are also provided.

Abstract: New aromatic dicarboxylic acids, 1,4- or 2,6-Bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)naphthyl is prepared by the reaction of p-fluorobenzonitrile with 1,4-naphthalenediol, followed by hydrolysis. Wholly aromatic polyamides having superior solubility in a variety of organic solvents and have good thermal stability can be obtained by reacting the new aromatic dicarboxylic acids with aromatic diamines. Transparent, tough and flexible films of these polyamides can be cast from the solutions thereof and these polyamides are easily processable high-performance polymer materials.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula I ##STR1## wherein X is independently both F or both Cl or one X is independently F and the other is independently Cl; R.sub.1 is a straight or branched chain (C.sub.3 to C.sub.8) alkyl group substituted by one or two groups convertible in vivo into hydroxy moieties, (e.g., a polyether ester, amino acid ester or phosphate ester) thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and pharmaceutical compositions thereof useful for treating and/or preventing fungal infections are disclosed.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula I ##STR1## wherein X is independently both F or both Cl or one X is independently F and the other is independently Cl; R.sub.1 is a straight or branched chain (C.sub.3 to C.sub.8) alkyl group substituted by one or two phosphate ester groups (e.g., a phosphate ester convertible in vivo into a hydroxy group) thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and pharmaceutical compositions thereof useful for treating and/or preventing fungal infections are disclosed.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula I ##STR1## wherein X is independently both F or both Cl or one X is independently F and the other is independently Cl; R.sub.1 is a straight or branched chain (C.sub.3 to C.sub.8) alkyl group substituted by one or two hydroxy moieties, an ether or ester thereof (e.g., a polyether ester amino acid ester or phosphate ester) thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and pharmaceutical compositions thereof useful for treating and/or preventing fungal infections are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of general formula ##STR1## where Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group, the process comprising reacting a compound of general formulaAr--C(L.sup.1).sub.2 Cl (II)where each L.sup.1 independently represents a leaving group (preferably a chlorine atom), with water in the presence of a Lewis acid and a chlorocarbon solvent which includes at least two chlorine atoms, is disclosed.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, or cycloalkyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl; and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, methyl or carboxyl; which is useful in the treatment of seizure disorders. Processes are disclosed for the preparation of the compound. Intermediates prepared during the synthesis of the compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: A release tag reagent suitable for use in the chemical analysis of a substance to be detected comprises signal, release, and reactivity groups. A class of release tag compounds that are cleaved to release as signal groups very stable electrophoric ketones which are sufficiently volatile for determination in the gas phase of an analytical reaction mixture is disclosed.

Abstract: Polyhalogenated benzotrifluorides can be reacted with chlorides from the series of Friedel-Crafts catalysts to give the corresponding benzotrichlorides, which can be hydrolysed by water in the presence of iron(III) chloride to give the corresponding benzoyl chlorides. These are suitable as intermediate products for the preparation of active compounds for medicaments and feed additives.

Abstract: The new fluoro-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the substituents R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the meaning given in the description, are suitable as starting substances for the preparation of antibacterial agents and feed additives.

Abstract: Immunoregulatory N-(S-3-alkyl-4-heptenoyl)- and N-(S-3-alkylheptanoyl)-D-gamma-glutamyl-glycyl-D-alanine and esters thereof are synthesized via R-trans-2-hexen-4-ols, R-3-alkyl-4-heptenoic acid and S-3-alkylheptanoic acid.

Abstract: Cyclofluoralkylated fullerene compounds are prepared by reacting the fullerenes with a fluoroalkene as exemplified by tetrafluoroethylene or perfluoromethyl vinyl ether under thermolysis conditions as exemplified by temperatures of 200.degree. C., pressure and a halocarbon solvent, the products being useful as lubricants or additive thereto as well as in cooling systems, adhesives and polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process of making chiral 2-aryl-1,4-butanediamine derivatives useful as neurokinin-A antagonists of Formula 7 ##STR1##

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds, for example, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine or 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, are particularly useful for systemic control of pests. Novel method and intermediates for the preparation of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine are also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of producing an .alpha.-ketamide as an intermediate for use in the production of various alkoxyiminoacetamide compounds which are useful as fungicides. Also disclosed is an intermediate to be used in this process.

Abstract: Mixtures of cyclofluoroalkylated fullerenes are provided by the thermal 2+2 cycloaddition of fluoroalkenes to a solution or slurry of a fullerene. The cyclofluoroalkylated fullerene mixtures are useful as lubricants or additives to lubricants; in fluorocarbon and/or chlorofluorocarbon based cooling systems; in adhesives for fluorocarbon based polymers and in gas separation membranes.

Abstract: 2,4,5-Trihalogenobenzene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R is --COOH, --COCl, --COF, --CN, --CONH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 Cl, --CHCl.sub.2, --CCl.sub.3 or --CHO,R.sup.1 is H, Cl or F, andR.sup.2 is Cl or F,it only being possible for R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 to be F, and processes for their preparation starting from benzonitriles reacted with potassium fluoride. The novel compounds are intermediates for antibacterials such as quinolone carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A release tag reagent suitable for use in the chemical analysis of a substance to be detected, which substance contains reactive groups, such as for, but not limited to gas phase detection groups, which reagent comprises three covalently bonded groups: a signal group which on release provides a ketone signal compound to be detected, a release group which may be cleaved to release the ketone signal group, which release group contains, for example, a vic glycol or an olefin group and a reactivity group which is reactive with a reactive group of the substance to be detected.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## in which: CYCLE surrounded by a semicircle represents, with the two carbon atoms to which the semicircle is linked, a carbon-containing, optionally heterocyclic, ring containing at least one ethylenic or aromatic bond between the two carbon atoms which carry the --C(Z).dbd.Y group and the phenyl group, Y is oxygen or sulphur, Z is NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, each represents optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl; alkenyl or alkynyl; or --NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 represents saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl;R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, each represents a hydrogen or halogen atom (at least one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 being other than hydrogen or halogen); optionally substituted amino; optionally halogenated hydroxylated alkyl, alkoxy, alkylalkoxy or alkylthio; or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 (in the 3- and 4-positions) can together form a single divalent radical with 3 or 4 members containing 1 or 2 non-adjacent oxygen atoms; are useful as agricultural fungicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing an ester composition in which at least one activated phenolic ether group of a molecule is reacted with at least one haloformyl group of another molecule.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which: A represents ##STR2## R represents linear or branched lower alkyl, R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or linear or branched lower alkyl, andR.sub.2 represents aryl or lower arylalkyl or aryl or lower arylalkyl substituted by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, or halogen, aryl means phenyl or naphthyl, as well as optical isomers, epimers and diastereoisomers and addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid, lower alkyl and lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive, andmedicaments containing the same which are useful for the treatment of disorders of the melatoninergic system.

Abstract: Fluorine-substituted .alpha.-(5-aryloxy-naphthalen-1-yl-oxy)-propionic derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, as defined herein, are useful as herbicides. Processes and intermediates for their preparation are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogenated compounds of formula RCY(Z)CH.sub.2 CH(X)C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 COR.sup.1 where X, Y and Z are halo, R is alkyl, halo, haloalkyl or aryl, and R.sup.1 is hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, alkyl or haloalkyl, or the residue of a pyrethroidal alcohol, in which a compound of formula CH.sub.2 =CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 COR.sup.1 is reacted with a sulphonyl halide of formula RCY(Z)SO.sub.2 X. The process avoids the use of volatile halocarbons in the production of valuable intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing fatty acid halide by reacting a fatty acid with a halogenating agent optionally followed by hydrolysis of unreacted halogenating agent and separating the fatty acid halide upper layer from the inorganic lower layer characterized in that a fatty acid nitrogen derivative, preferably a fatty amide has been incorporated in the reaction mixture. Preferably the fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 fatty acid and the halogenating agent a phosphorus halide, especially phosphorus trichloride.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbonyl chlorides of the formula I ##STR1## where R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkynyl, from essentially equimolar amounts of a carboxylic acid of the formula II ##STR2## where R has the abovementioned meanings, and phosgene COCl.sub.2 (III), in the presence of a catalytic adduct of phosgene and N,N-disubstituted formamide or the hydrochlorides thereof, of the formula IV where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or together are a C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 -alkylene chain which may be interrupted by oxygen or by nitrogen which carries C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or CHO, and n is 0, 1 or 2, wherein the reaction is carried out with a stationary phase of the catalytic adduct, is described.

Abstract: E-oxime ethers of phenylglyoxylic esters of the formula I ##STR1## where X and Y are each halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or trifluoromethyl;m is an integer from 0 to 4;n is an integer from 0 to 3;are prepared.

Abstract: Introduction of a fluoro substituent into an aromatic ring adjacent an electron donating group is difficult producing mixed isomers and low yields of desired products.A process for the introduction of a fluoro substituent into a substantially adjacent position to an electron-donating group into an aromatic compound in high yield is disclosed.The fluoroaromatic compounds are useful as synthetic intermediates for example in the manufacture of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is lower alkyl; R.sub.3 is phenyl, or phenyl substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, lower alkyl, and lower alkoxy; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or methyl or the corresponding hydroxy acid of formula ##STR3## and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as described above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said acid, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl ester of said acid, an acetylamino-substituted-C.sub.1-4 alkyl ester of said acid, a phenyl-dimethylamino ester of said acid or a .alpha.-monoglyceride of said acid.The compounds of formulas I and II are useful as agents for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis.

Abstract: Novel fluorinated carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Rf is a divalent perfluoroalkyl or perfluoropolyether group and Z is halogen, hydroxyl or triorganosiloxy are useful intermediate for the synthesis of various fluorinated compounds. Compounds [I-i] wherein Z in formula [I] is F are prepared by reacting acid fluoride-terminated compounds of the formula: ##STR2## with an alkali fluoride and further with an allyl halide. Compounds [I-ii] wherein Z in formula [I] is a halogen are preparred by reacting compounds [I-i] with lithium halide. Compounds [I-iii] wherein Z in formula [I] is OH are prepared through hydrolysis of compounds [I-ii]. Compounds [I-iv] wherein Z in formula [I] is triorganosiloxy are prepared by reacting compounds [I-iii] with a triorganosilylating agent.

Abstract: Aromatic dicarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, m, n, and X have the meaning mentioned in the description,can be prepared from the bisphenols, on which they are based, of the formula ##STR2## if the bisphenols are first reacted to give the bissulphonates, the sulphonate groups are removed catalytically with H.sub.2 and the hydrocarbons obtained in this way are doubly acylated in a known manner and the acyl groups are oxidized to the carboxyl groups.Many of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids which can be prepared in this way are new.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-(hydrogen, halogen or lower alkyl)-3-(hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SCH.sub.3 or --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SC.sub.2 H.sub.5)-4-(alkylthio or alkylsulfonyl)-acetophenones.

Abstract: A novel oligohexafluoropropylene oxide derivative is a useful intermediate. It is prepared by reacting an oligohexafluoropropylene oxide carbonyl fluoride with a metal iodide.