Abstract: A crosslinkable copolymer is provided. The crosslinkable copolymer has pendant cationic nitrogen-containing groups with some, but not all, of these pendant groups further including a (meth)acryloyl group. The (meth)acryloyl groups can react to form a crosslinked copolymer that is ionically conductive. The crosslinked copolymer can be used to provide an anion exchange membrane that can be used in electrochemical cells such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, batteries, and electrodialysis cells.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of antimicrobial compositions, e.g. for personal care. In particular, the invention relates to antimicrobial compositions for oral care, such as toothpastes, comprising antimicrobial particles and a nonionic triblock copolymer. Accordingly, the present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions comprising a modified clay particle, the particle comprising an antimicrobial compound and a clay particle, and at least one a nonionic triblock copolymer. The invention further relates to the uses and methods of the antimicrobial compositions of the invention.

Abstract: An intermediate raw material according to the present invention includes a charge control agent having a critical packing parameter of 0.6 or more and a dispersing medium and a pH of the intermediate raw material is less than 7.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition comprising at least two quaternary ammonium compounds selected from: (i) a quaternary ammonium compound having the formula: A4-nSi(R—NHaR1bZ)n and (ii) a quaternary ammonium compound having the formula: NHcR1dZ wherein in each of the at least two quaternary ammonium compounds A, R, R1, a, Z and n are independently selected, and: A is a member selected from the group consisting of alkoxy radicals, alkylether alkoxy radicals, and alkyl radicals; R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical; each R1 is independently a member selected from the group consisting of benzyl, alkyl radicals, alkyl ether hydrocarbon radicals, hydroxyl-containing alkyl radicals, and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon radicals; Z is a member selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, tosylate, hydroxide, sulfate and phosphate; a is 0, 1 or 2, b is 1, 2 or 3, and the sum of a and b is 3; c is 0, 1, 2 or 3, d is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and the sum of c and d is 4; and n is 1, 2 or 3; and wherein the composition

Abstract: The use of quaternary halogenated ammonium salts for treating leishmaniasis infections and other parasitic diseases is described. Although there have been previous reports in which quaternary ammonium salts are used as antimalarial, antifungal, and antileishmanial compounds, the use of such salts containing a halogenated N-methyl substituent as a therapeutic agent against leishmaniasis had not been reported. The compounds described here, in specific those with a terminal arylalkenyl or diarylalkenyl moiety, are shown to inhibit the growth of Leishmania panamensis parasites, a known causative agent of leishmaniasis disease. In addition, the series of compounds are also extensive against malaria, Chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, and other parasitic diseases.

Abstract: A membrane separation process using a highly fluorinated polymer membrane that selectively permeates water of an aqueous ionic liquid solution to provide dry ionic liquid. Preferably the polymer is a polymer that includes polymerized perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole (PDD). The process is also capable of removing small molecular compounds such as organic solvents that can be present in the solution. This membrane separation process is suitable for drying the aqueous ionic liquid byproduct from precipitating solutions of biomass dissolved in ionic liquid, and is thus instrumental to providing usable lignocellulosic products for energy consumption and other industrial uses in an environmentally benign manner.

Abstract: A nonmetallic compound having an ionic bond with a halide ion is used as a catalyst for living radical polymerization. Even if a radical initiator is not used, a monomer can be subjected to a radical polymerization to obtain a polymer having narrow molecular weight distribution. The cost of the living radical polymerization can be remarkably reduced, and it is made possible to prevent adverse effects of using a radical initiator (such as side reactions). The present invention is significantly more environmentally friendly and economically excellent than conventional living radical polymerization methods, due to advantages such as low toxicity of the catalyst, low amount of the catalyst necessary, high solubility of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and no coloration/no odor, etc. The catalyst can be applied to various monomers and enables synthesis of high molecular weight polymers.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for minimizing the formation of insoluble salts of phenoxy herbicides. The method comprises (1) mixing a compatibility agent, amine salts of phenoxy acid herbicides, and a chemical containing non-amine cations in a aqueous system to form a stable and non-nozzle plugging solution; and (2) application of said stable and non-nozzle plugging solution onto target plants.

Abstract: A substance includes diamond particles having a maximum linear dimension of less than about 1 ?m and an organic compound attached to surfaces of the diamond particles. The organic compound may include a surfactant or a polymer. A method of forming a substance includes exposing diamond particles to an organic compound, and exposing the diamond particles in the presence of the organic compound to ultrasonic energy. The diamond particles may have a maximum linear dimension of less than about 1 ?m. A composition includes a liquid, a plurality of diamond nanoparticles dispersed within the liquid, and an organic compound attached to surfaces of the diamond nanoparticles. A method includes mixing a plurality of diamond particles with a solution comprising a liquid solvent and an organic compound, and exposing the mixture including the plurality of diamond nanoparticles and the solution to ultrasonic energy.

Abstract: A nonmetallic compound having an ionic bond with a halide ion is used as a catalyst for living radical polymerization. Even if a radical initiator is not used, a monomer can be subjected to a radical polymerization to obtain a polymer having narrow molecular weight distribution. The cost of the living radical polymerization can be remarkably reduced, and it is made possible to prevent adverse effects of using a radical initiator (such as side reactions). The present invention is significantly more environmentally friendly and economically excellent than conventional living radical polymerization methods, due to advantages such as low toxicity of the catalyst, low amount of the catalyst necessary, high solubility of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and no coloration/no odor, etc. The catalyst can be applied to various monomers and enables synthesis of high molecular weight polymers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of an aqueous colloidal precious metal suspension, which process comprises reducing a precious metal salt in aqueous solution using a functionalized, water soluble quaternary ammonium salt in the absence of organic solvents, to form elementary nanoparticles.

Abstract: A polishing composition of the present invention is used for polishing an object containing a phase-change alloy and is characterized by containing an ionic additive. Examples of the ionic additive include a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a cationic water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition containing cetrimide suitable for cleaning inflamed or non-inflamed ears of animals, preferably of companion animals such as dogs and cats. The composition further comprises one or more carriers, such as for example wetting agents and humectants.

Abstract: The use of quaternary halogenated ammonium salts for treating leishmaniasis infections and other parasitic diseases is described. Although there have been previous reports in which quaternary ammonium salts are used as antimalarial, antifungal, and antileishmanial compounds, the use of such salts containing a halogenated N-methyl substituent as a therapeutic agent against leishmaniasis had not been reported. The compounds described here, in specific those with a terminal arylalkenyl or diarylalkenyl moiety, are shown to inhibit the growth of Leishmania panamensis parasites, a known causative agent of leishmaniasis disease. In addition, the series of compounds are also extensive against malaria, Chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, and other parasitic diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a pesticide and an alkoxylate. The invention further relates to the alkoxylate, to a method for the production thereof and to the use thereof as adjuvant in pesticide-comprising spray mixtures. The invention further relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesirable plant growth and/or undesirable insect or mite infestation and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the respective pests, the habitat thereof or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, on the soil and/or on undesirable plants and/or the crop plants and/or the habitat thereof. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed comprising the composition.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of N-substituted 3-acylated pyridinium compounds by reacting a pentamethine precursor with a primary amine.

Abstract: Use of compounds of molecular formula (I) as curing activators of mixes having a cross-linkable unsaturated-chain polymer base: ([R1R2R3NR5(NR4R6R7)n](n+1)+)y(n+1)Xy? (I); where: X is an anionic atom or group; R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, are each CmH2m+1, where m ranges between 1 and 3, or CH2CHCH2 or CHCHCH3; R4, R6 and R7, which may be the same or different, are each CH2CHCH2 or CHCHCH3; n is 0 or 1; y is 1 when n is 1; y is 1 or 2 when n is 0; R5 is an aliphatic group C15-C22 when n is 0; and is an aliphatic group C8-C16 when n is 1; when n is 0, at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R5 comprises a double bond.

Abstract: Acidic viscoelastic cleaning compositions are disclosed which use non polymer thickening agents. According to the invention, cleaning compositions have been developed using viscoelastic surfactants in acidic cleaning formulations. These provide the dual benefit of thickening as well as an additional cleaning, thereby improving performance. Applicants have also identified several pseudo linking agents which when, used with viscoelastic surfactants provide enhanced viscoelasticity and cleaning.

Abstract: Alkaline or neutral viscoelastic cleaning compositions are disclosed which use non polymer thickening agents. According to the invention, cleaning compositions have been developed using viscoelastic surfactants in a neutral, acidic or alkaline cleaning formulations. These provide the dual benefit of thickening as well as an additional cleaning, thereby improving performance. Applicants have also identified several pseudo linking agents which when, used with viscoelastic surfactants provide viscoelasticity in alkaline cleaning compositions.

Abstract: Polymerizable ionic liquid monomers and their corresponding polymers (poly(ionic liquid)s) are created and found to exhibit high absorption of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the microwave and radar bands. These materials are useful for coating objects to make them less reflective of radio frequency radiation and for making objects that absorb radio frequency radiation and are of minimal reflectivity to radio frequency radiation. Free-radical and condensation polymerization approaches are used in the preparation of the poly(ionic liquids).

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide a method for producing a compound having excellent activity as an ?2? ligand.

Abstract: A composition, a kit, and a method of isolating a vesicle from a sample using a compound comprising zwitterion moieties, which may be used to analyze vesicles, and proteins, glycoprotein, lipids, or nucleic acids thereof.

Abstract: There is provided, in one form, a method for at least partially deactivating a sulfur species from a stream, such as but not limited to a hydrocarbon stream, an aqueous stream, and mixtures thereof. A treating mixture may be introduced into the stream in an amount effective to at least partially deactivate the sulfur species from the stream. The treating mixture may include a compound having the general formula: and combinations thereof. R1 may be a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group. R2 may be a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group that is the same or different as R1. R3 may be an ethanol or an isopropanol moiety. R4 may be an ethylene oxide moiety, propylene oxide moiety, butylene oxide moiety, and combinations thereof. n may be an integer from 1 to 100. M may be a hydrogen or a metal ion.

Abstract: The subject of the invention at hand are novel, a little basic, fluorinated pentafluorophenyl imide anions, which can be used as anions in ionic liquids. Methods for producing ionic liquids are described, which contain these novel pentafluorophenyl imide ions as anions, as well as quaternary organic ammonium ions, guanidinium ions, N-organo-pyridinium ions, imidazolium, imidazolidinium or benzimidazolidinium ions, alkyl-alkylidene phosphoranes or aryl-alkylidene phosphoranes as cations. Alternative methods according to the present invention provide ionic liquids through reaction of ketene N,N-diacetals or alkyl or aryl-alkylidene phosphoranes with acids. The ionic liquids according to the present invention are suitable, for example, as solvents for syntheses, as mobile and/or stationary phase in chromatography, as electrolyte systems for batteries, galvanic elements, fuel cells and rechargeable battery packs.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinous acids, bis(perfluoroalkyl)thiophosphinous acids and derivatives, the synthesis thereof and the use thereof, in particular for the synthesis of air-stable metal complexes for catalytic processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to siRNA-cochleate compositions that include a siRNA that is associated with a cochleate and a positively charged amphiphile. The present invention also includes methods for making and using the compositions provided herein.

Abstract: Relative quantification of metabolites by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) requiring a mechanism for simultaneous analysis of multiple analytes in two or more samples. Labeling reagents that are reactive to particular compound classes and differ only in their isotopic compositions facilitate relative quantification. Heavy and light isotopic forms of methylacetimidate were synthesized and used as labeling reagents for quantification of amine-containing molecules. Heavy and light isotopic forms of formaldehyde and cholamine were also synthesized and used independently as labeling reagents for quantification of amine-containing and carboxylic acid-containing molecules, such as found in biological samples. The labeled end-products are positively charged under normal acidic conditions involving conventional Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) applications.

Abstract: This disclosure describes draw solution compositions for FO processes which increase the available membrane area for permeation and are also amenable to reconcentration with standard techniques, such as membrane filtration and evaporative technologies. The composition are comprised of a water soluble draw solute having surface active properties, i.e., a surfactant.

Abstract: Provided are an anti-static and anti-microbial surface treatment agent including a quaternary ammonium salt compound as an active ingredient and a method of preventing a polymer fiber from developing static electricity by using the surface treatment agent. The quaternary ammonium salt compound has excellent anti-static and anti-microbial effects for the prevention or improvement of static electricity in a polymer fiber. Accordingly, the quaternary ammonium salt compound is suitable for use as a fabric softener, or an anti-static agent, and also, provides anti-microbial effects to a polymer fiber.

Abstract: Catalysts that include at least one catalytically active element and one helper catalyst can be used to increase the rate or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. The helper catalyst can simultaneously act as a director molecule, suppressing undesired reactions and thus increasing selectivity toward the desired reaction. These catalysts can be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 or formic acid. The catalysts can also suppress H2 evolution, permitting electrochemical cell operation at potentials below RHE. Chemical processes and devices using the catalysts are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, OH?, HCO?, H2CO, (HCO2)?, H2CO2, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO?, CH3COOH, C2H6, O2, H2, (COOH)2, or (COO?)2, and a specific device, namely, a CO2 sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of salts having perfluoroalkyltricyano- or perfluoroalkylcyanofluoroborate anions, ((per)fluoro)phenyltricyano- or ((per)fluoro)phenylcyanofluoroborate anions, phenyltricyanoborate anions which are mono- or disubstituted by perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms or phenylcyanofluoroborate anions which are mono- or disubstituted by perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, by reaction of alkali metal trifluoroperfluoroalkylborate with trialkylsilyl cyanide and a subsequent salt-exchange reaction or by direct reaction of an organic trifluoroperfluoroalkyl borate with trialkylsilyl cyanide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds with (perfluoroalkyl)fluorohydrogenphosphate anion, and to compounds containing (perfluoroalkyl)fluorohydrogenphosphate anion and to the use thereof.

Abstract: An additive for alkali metal silicate solutions, comprising a quaternary ammonium compound having the general formula (1) R1R2R3R4N+OH?, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 which may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or groups having the general formula —[CH2]n-N+R5R6R7 wherein n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 12, the group —[CH2]n may be hydroxy-substituted, and R5, R6 and R7 which may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups or hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; with the proviso that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represents a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group or a hydroxy-substituted alkaryl group comprising at least 2 carbon atoms wherein the hydroxy substituent is not located on a carbon atom which is bonded to a nitrogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductor having high conductivity and electrochemical stability, which is in a solid state over a practically wide temperature range. Specifically disclosed is a plastic crystal containing a compound represented by Formula (I) or (IA) below: and at least one compound [BF3(CF3)] salt represented by Formula (II): Mn+[BF3(CF3)?]n??(II) wherein M is an alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, aluminum or H; and when M is an alkaline metal or H, n is 1; when M is an alkaline earth metal, n is 2; and when M is aluminum, n is 3.

Abstract: There are provided a processing liquid for suppressing pattern collapse of a fine metal structure, containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of an ammonium halide having a fluoroalkyl group, a betaine compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and an amine oxide compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and a method for producing a fine metal structure using the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bipolar antimicrobial particle for use in laundry detergent compositions, fabric conditioners, personal care and cosmetic compositions and a process for making the same. In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a stabile antimicrobial agent immobilised on a carrier particle. It is a further objective to provide an antimicrobial particle with improved retention to the fabric so that larger amounts of antimicrobial will be available even after rinsing. Surprisingly it has been found that antimicrobial molecules tagged by surface reaction onto naturally occurring asymmetric clay surfaces, act as an antimicrobial particle with improved retention properties with improved stability.

Abstract: A chiral liquid crystal precursor composition which comprises at least one salt that changes a position of the selective reflection band exhibited by the composition in a cured state compared to the position of a selective reflection band exhibited by a composition in the cured state that does not contain the at least one salt. This abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a new inkjet printable etching composition comprising an etchant, which is activated by a second component. Thus, a further object is the use of this new composition in a process for the etching of surfaces semiconductor devices or surfaces of solar cell devices.

Abstract: A substance includes diamond particles having a maximum linear dimension of less than about 1 ?m and an organic compound attached to surfaces of the diamond particles. The organic compound may include a surfactant or a polymer. A method of forming a substance includes exposing diamond particles to an organic compound, and exposing the diamond particles in the presence of the organic compound to ultrasonic energy. The diamond particles may have a maximum linear dimension of less than about 1 ?m. A composition includes a liquid, a plurality of diamond nanoparticles dispersed within the liquid, and an organic compound attached to surfaces of the diamond nanoparticles. A method includes mixing a plurality of diamond particles with a solution comprising a liquid solvent and an organic compound, and exposing the mixture including the plurality of diamond nanoparticles and the solution to ultrasonic energy.

Abstract: Relative quantification of metabolites by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) requiring a mechanism for simultaneous analysis of multiple analytes in two or more samples. Labeling reagents that are reactive to particular compound classes and differ only in their isotopic compositions facilitate relative quantification. Heavy and light isotopic forms of methylacetimidate were synthesized and used as labeling reagents for quantification of amine-containing molecules. Heavy and light isotopic forms of formaldehyde and cholamine were also synthesized and used independently as labeling reagents for quantification of amine-containing and carboxylic acid-containing molecules, such as found in biological samples. The labeled end-products are positively charged under normal acidic conditions involving conventional Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) applications.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an amphoteric polymer having high anti-soil redeposition ability and solubility with surfactants, and a process for producing the same. The amphoteric polymer includes: a structure unit (a) derived from a cationic group-containing monomer (A); and a structure unit (b) derived from a carboxyl group-containing monomer (B). The structure unit (a) is present at a level of 1 to 99% by mass based on 100% by mass of all structure units derived from all monomers in the amphoteric polymer, and the structure unit (b) is present at a level of 1 to 99% by mass based on 100% by mass of all the structure units derived from all the monomers in the amphoteric polymer.

Abstract: Methods of detecting at least one analyte and at least one nucleic acid in a sample are provided. Reagents for carrying out the methods are also provided.

Abstract: New water treatment chemicals and corresponding water treatment or more generally aqueous systems treatment processes are provided, which greatly attenuate the NDMA problem, that is, decrease the formation of NDMA during the water or aqueous system treatment namely in the presence of a disinfectant, and decrease too the level of NDMA in the so treated water of the aqueous system, and in the end products such as drinking water.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods of using such compositions for inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase activity in dental tissue. The compositions, methods and uses may prevent degradation of the bonding between restorative materials and dental tissues, thereby increasing durability and longevity of the restorative material-dental tissue bonds. For example, the compositions, methods, and uses of the present invention may be used for treating carious dental tissue such as by the creation of dental fillings, crowns, bridges, among other techniques, as well as the creation of esthetic laminate restorations.

Abstract: A composition and method demulsify a produced emulsion from anionic surfactants and polymer (SP) and alkali, surfactants, and polymer (ASP). The produced emulsion is demulsified into oil and water. In one embodiment, the composition includes a surfactant. The surfactant comprises a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, or any combinations thereof.

Abstract: An electrophoretic particle salt that includes a cationic electrophoretic particle and an anionic group ionically associated with the cationic electrophoretic particle is employed in an electrophoretic display. A spacer group chemically bonds a cationic moiety to a surface of the electrophoretic particle. A method of making the electrophoretic particle salt includes particle surface modification, nucleophilic substitution to create an interim salt and anion exchange. The electrophoretic particle salt has an ionization constant that favors dissociation into a positively charged electrophoretic particle and the anionic group in a nonpolar medium. The electrophoretic display includes a pair of electrodes and a dispersion of the electrophoretic particle salt in a nonpolar medium in a gap between the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of onium alkylsulfonates by reaction of an onium halide or carboxylate with a symmetrically substituted dialkyl sulfite or with an asymmetrically substituted dialkyl sulfite at temperatures of 50 to 170° C.

Abstract: Relative quantification of metabolites by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) requiring a mechanism for simultaneous analysis of multiple analytes in two or more samples. Labeling reagents that are reactive to particular compound classes and differ only in their isotopic kit facilitating relative quantification and providing tangible evidence for the existence of specific functional groups. Heavy and light isotopic forms of methylacetimidate were synthesized and used as labeling reagents for quantification of amine-containing molecules, such as biological samples. Heavy and light isotopic forms of formaldehyde and cholamine were also synthesized and used independently as labeling reagents for quantification of amine-containing and carboxylic acid-containing molecules, such as found in biological samples. Advantageously, the labeled end-products are positively charged under normal acidic conditions involving conventional Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) applications.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, 0, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FXI0)N—(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalised, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinous acids, bis(perfluoroalkyl)thiophosphinous acids and derivatives, the synthesis thereof and the use thereof, in particular for the synthesis of air-stable metal complexes for catalytic processes.