Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a dialysate comprising a polyglycerol. The polyglycerol may be of a molecular weight between about 0.15 kDa and about 60 kDa. Also provided herein is the use of the dialysate as a diffusion agent and as an osmotic agent.

Abstract: A polyether polyol based on renewable materials is obtained by the in situ production of a polyether from a hydroxyl group-containing vegetable oil, at least one alkylene oxide and a low molecular weight polyol having at least 2 hydroxyl groups. The polyol is produced by introducing the hydroxyl group-containing vegetable oil, a catalyst and an alkylene oxide to a reactor and initiating the alkoxylation reaction. After the alkoxylation reaction has begun but before the reaction has been 20% completed, the low molecular weight polyol having at least 2 hydroxyl groups is continuously introduced into the reactor. After the in situ made polyether polyol product having the desired molecular weight has been formed, the in situ made polyether polyol is removed from the reactor. These polyether polyols are particularly suitable for the production of flexible polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: Disclosed is branched poly(trimethylene ether) polyols prepared from the acid catalyzed polycondensation reaction of 1,3-propanediol, and at least one triol comonomer selected from 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane. Also disclosed is a branched poly(trimethylene ether) polyol with an equivalent hydroxyl functionality of about 2.1 to about 3.2 and a Mn of about 200 to about 6000. The polyols are useful in the preparation of polyurethane rigid and flexible foams.

Abstract: Provided are processes for preparing low molecular weight polytrimethylene ether glycol by acid catalyzed polycondensation, neutralization, removal of unreacted monomer, and contact with filter aid. The processes can avoid hydrolysis and yet provide product substantially free of catalyst derived end groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyols which can be obtained by a simple process. These polyols, unless explicitly specified, are to be understood to encompass both polyether polyols and polyether ester polyols. The invention further provides the simple process for the production of the polyols, and also, the production of polyurethanes comprising reacting a polyol according to the invention with a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols having a hydroxyl content of from about 3.4 to about 12.1% by weight, and OH numbers of from about 112 to about 400 are produced by a continuous process using a DMC catalyst. In the process of the present invention, oxyalkylation conditions are established in a continuous reactor in the presence of a DMC catalyst; alkylene oxide and a low molecular weight starter are continuously introduced into the continuous reactor; a partially oxyalkylated polyether polyol is recovered from the reactor; and the recovered partially oxyalkylated polyether polyol is allowed to further reactor until the unreacted alkylene oxide content of the mixture is reduced to 0.001% or less by weight. The alkoxylation of the present invention must be carried out a pressure sufficiently high to prevent deactivation of the DMC catalyst. Pressures of from 45 to 55 psia are preferred.

Abstract: This invention relates to a semi-batch process for the production of polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols. These polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols have hydroxyl (OH) numbers of from 112 to 400. This process comprises establishing oxyalkylation condition in a reactor in the presence of a DMC catalyst, continuously introducing alkylene oxide and a suitable starter into the reactor, and recovering an oxyalkyated polyether polyol. The oxyalkylation initially occurs at a temperature that is sufficiently high enough to avoid or prevent deactivation of the DMC catalyst, or for from 2% to 50% of the total oxide feed amount, and the oxyalkylation is then continued at a lower temperature.

Abstract: A water-soluble surfactant composition is provided comprising (A) a glycidyl ether-capped acetylenic diol ethoxylate and (B) a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether having an HLB of 8-18. When compounded in inks and paper coatings, the surfactant composition exerts improved foam controlling, dispersing, wetting and penetrating capabilities, is water soluble, and complies with high-speed printing and application conditions.

Abstract: An odor control layer for personal care products has a composition that has a PEG or PEG copolymer composition applied thereto. The layer can be placed in a personal care product, such as a diaper, training pant, absorbent under pant, adult incontinence product, or feminine hygiene product. Additional odor control layers may include silver nanoparticles and activated carbon compositions. In an alternative form, a single odor control layer includes the PEG composition and the activated carbon and/or silver nanoparticle compositions. A cleansing composition with PEG and possibly active carbon and silver nanoparticles may be combined with the personal care product to form a kit.

Abstract: Disclosed are water-soluble nanoparticles. The water-soluble nanoparticles are each surrounded by a multifunctional group ligand including an adhesive region, a cross linking region, and a reactive region. In the water-soluble nanoparticles, the cross-linking region of the multifunctional group ligand is cross-linked with another cross-linking region of a neighboring multifunctional group ligand.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to buffers containing polyols for use with affinity-binding and/or magnetically susceptible thermoplastic particles and methods of making and use thereof.

Abstract: A method for preventing pressure build-up across a catalyst separation in a polyether polyol reactor comprising the steps of feeding reactants that comprise a monomer or co-monomers to be polymerized to form the polyether polyol into a continuous feed reactor, flowing the product stream through a catalyst separation system within the reactor, wherein the catalyst separation system is comprised of a plurality of filters, wherein each filter comprises an outer surface and an inner surface defined by a plurality of spaced-apart elements, and wherein the distance between the spaced-apart elements is smaller than the minor dimension of the suspended catalyst and recovering the filtered polyether polyol product and catalyst fines from the reactor outlet.

Abstract: A shape memory polymer material composition comprises: (1) a plurality of inorganic core nanoparticles as netpoints to which is connected; (2) a switching segment that comprises a polymer network. The polymer network comprises: (1) a corona component bonded to each inorganic core nanoparticle through a first chemical linkage; (2) a canopy component bonded to each corona component through a second chemical linkage; and (3) a plurality of cross-linking components cross-linking between different canopy components through a third chemical linkage. Given various selections for the inorganic core nanoparticles, the corona component, the canopy component, the cross-linking component, the first chemical linkage, the second chemical linkage and the third chemical linkage, various performance and composition characteristics of the shape memory polymer material compositions may be readily tailored.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the synthesis of polyols in a continuous process which comprises the continuous generation of oligomeric polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol by acid catalysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyether ester polyols starting from fatty acid esters and starter compounds having Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms, and to their use in the production of solid or foamed polyurethane materials.

Abstract: Provided is a water-based lubricant comprising a hyperbranch-type polyglycerol having an absolute molecular weight of from 5,000 to 500,000. The water-based lubricant has a small friction coefficient and is excellent in lubrication performance and defoamability, as compared with conventional water-based lubricants comprising an ethylene/propylene oxide copolymer, and is favorable, for example, for a water-based metal processing agent and a hydraulic pressure fluid.

Abstract: Methods are provided for making polyglycerol. The methods include heating glycerol at reduced pressure in the absence of a glyceride and in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, triflic acid, hydrochloric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: To achieve, an in vivo repair of injured mammalian nerve tissue, an effective amount of a biomembrane fusion agent is administered to the injured nerve tissue. The application of the biomembrane fusion agent may be performed by directly contacting the agent with the nerve tissue at the site of the injury. Alternatively, the biomembrane fusion agent is delivered to the site of the injury through the blood supply after administration of the biomembrane fusion agent to the patient. The administration is preferably by parenteral administration including including intravascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal injection of an effective quantity of the biomembrane fusion agent so that an effective amount is delivered to the site of the nerve tissue injury.

Abstract: A method of making a biobased-petrochemical hybrid polyol is provided. This method includes reacting a cyclic ether with a vegetable oil-based polyol in the presence of a cationic catalyst or a coordinative catalyst that includes a vegetable oil-based polyol ligand to form the biobased-petrochemical hybrid polyol. The biobased-petrochemical hybrid polyol that is created has a number average molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 6,000 and has a structure that is about 22% to about 36% biobased. In one aspect of the present invention, the cyclic ether is propylene oxide, and the propoxylated polyol formed from the propylene oxide and vegetable oil-based polyol is then reacted with ethylene oxide in the presence of a superacid catalyst to create a block copolymer with a terminal polyethylene oxide block having a high percentage of terminal primary hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, methods are provided for the prevention and/or treatment of enteropathogenic bacterial infection in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject, and the diarrhea associated with the infection, by administration to the subject of a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol, as well concurrent administration with other antibiotic and antidiarrheal agents. Methods for reduction or suppression of inflammation, and inhibition of ?1-integrin expression in the gastrointestinal mucosa are also provided. Also described is a kit suitable for use with the methods disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved continuous process for the production of low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols. These polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols have a hydroxyl content of from about 3.4 to about 12.1% by weight, and may also be characterized as having an OH number of from about 112 to about 400. The process comprises establishing oxyalkylation conditions in a continuous reactor in the presence of a DMC catalyst; continuously introducing alkylene oxide and a low molecular weight starter into the continuous reactor; recovering a partially oxyalkylated polyether polyol from the reactor; and allowing the recovered partially oxyalkylated polyether polyol to further reactor until the unreacted alkylene oxide content of the mixture is reduced to 0.001% or less by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the preparation of polyether polyols by DMC-catalysed alkylene oxide addition to starter compounds comprising acidic sulfuric acid salts, to the use thereof for the preparation of polyurethanes, and to polyurethanes comprising the polyether polyols according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a polyether polyol, said process comprising polymerising one or more alkylene oxides in the presence of a multimetal cyanide complex catalyst and an initiator compound, wherein the process is carried out in a reactor vessel equipped with means for agitating its contents and the one or more alkylene oxides are supplied to an agitated mixture comprising the multimetal cyanide complex catalyst and the initiator via a feed inlet device, said feed inlet device comprising a sparger. The present invention also provides a reactor system for the preparation of polyols.

Abstract: Processes for reducing the color of polytrimethylene ether glycol or copolymers thereof are provided. The processes include polycondensing diols in the presence of an acid catalyst and adding base continuously over a period of the polycondensation reaction. The invention also relates to the polytrimethylene ether glycol thereof produced by these processes.

Abstract: A polyether polyol composition comprising: a polyether polyol, a phosphoric acid compound selected from the group consisting of at least one of orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, polymetaphosphoric acid, and partial esters thereof in an amount raning from 0.5 to 100 ppm based on the polyether polyol metals derived from a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst in an amount ranging from 1 to 30 ppm based on the polyether polyol; a method for producing this polyether polyol composition; and methods of making polyurethane or isocyanate group-terminated prepolymers.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the following general formula (1): Z(OA)n-OH]m??(1) wherein Z is a residue of glycerin or diglycerin, OA is an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an average number of moles of the oxyalkylene group added and is 80 to 800, and m is 3 to 4, the method comprising steps (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) defined in the present description.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method for producing a polyalkylene oxide, which is capable of improving reduction in reactivity of a double metal cyanide complex catalyst in the case that a low molecular weight initiator is used, and producing the polyalkylene oxide with high productivity at low cost. The method for producing a polyalkylene oxide comprises carrying out a ring-opening addition reaction of an alkylene oxide with an initiator having at least one hydroxy group and having a molecular weight of not more than 300 per hydroxy group in the presence of a double metal cyanide complex catalyst in an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is used in an amount of 500 to 1,500 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the alkylene oxide used at the start of the reaction.

Abstract: Among other aspects, provided herein is a mixed-acid salt of a water-soluble polymer-drug conjugate, along with related methods of making and using the same. The mixed-salt acid salt is stably formed, and appears to be more resistant to hydrolytic degradation than the corresponding predominantly pure acid salt or free base forms of the polymer-drug conjugate. The mixed acid salt is reproducibly prepared and recovered, and provides surprising advantages over non-mixed acid salt forms of the water-soluble polymer drug conjugate.

Abstract: What is proposed is a process for preparing polyether alcohols by conversion of the following reactants: a) one or more alkylene oxides and optionally carbon dioxide and b) one or more H-functional starter substances, in the presence of a catalyst, to form a liquid reaction mixture, in a reaction unit (1), which is characterized in that the reaction unit (1) has internals (2) which form a multitude of microstructured flow channels which bring about multiple splitting of the liquid reaction mixture into component flow paths and recombination thereof in altered arrangement, the multiple splitting and recombination being repeated several times and the microstructured flow channels having a characteristic dimension which is defined as the greatest possible distance of any particle in the liquid reaction mixture from the wall of a flow channel closest to the particle, in the range from 20 to 10 000 ?m, the result being that the flow profile of the liquid reaction mixture approximates to ideal plug flow as a result

Abstract: A method for adhering a medical device to biological tissue includes adhering an adhesive composition having a plurality of reactive members of a specific binding pair to tissue which has a plurality of complementary reactive members of the specific binding pair via click chemistry.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyoxymethylene homopolymers or copolymers (7) by homopolymerization or copolymerization of trioxane, starting from methanol (1), in which methanol (1) is oxidized in a first reactor in a first production plant (A) to give an aqueous formaldehyde-comprising stream (2) which is fed to a second production plant (B) in which pure trioxane (6) is obtained and removal of low boilers (5) by distillation is carried out and the pure trioxane (6) is fed to a third production plant (C) in which it is homopolymerized or copolymerized to form polyoxymethylene homopolymers or copolymers (7), wherein the low boiler stream (5) from the low boiler removal column (K 2) is recycled to the feed stream into the first reactor in the first production plant (A), is proposed.

Abstract: Certain branched hydroxyalkyl polyoxylene glycol ethers exhibit excellent characteristics as defoamers or foam-suppressing additives or as foam regulators for aqueous media that contain foaming agents, even at temperatures of 25° C. and below. Therefore, said branched hydroxyalkyl polyoxylene glycol ethers can be used in detergents and cleaning agents.

Abstract: A method wherein the separability between a polyether phase and a water phase is improved when a water-soluble compound is extracted and removed from a polyether containing the water-soluble compound with water is provided. The method comprises producing a polyether including a step of extracting and removing a water-soluble compound from a polyether containing the water-soluble compound with water, wherein the step includes at least an operation of separating a water phase from a polyether phase at a temperature of 50° C.

Abstract: Glycol ether compositions useful for metal recovery by froth flotation and processes for making the compositions are disclosed. In one process, dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM) is propoxylated to give a composition comprising 4 to 15 wt. % of DPM and at least 20 wt. % of tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPM). In another process, the glycol ether composition is made from a distillation residue which comprises DPM, TPM, and a basic catalyst. Extraction of the residue with water to remove some of the basic catalyst is followed by propoxylated to give a composition which comprises less than 15 wt. % of DPM, at least 20 wt. % of TPM, and one or more PO-based glycols. In comparative froth tests, glycol ether compositions of the invention meet or exceed the performance of commercial frothers.

Abstract: Disclosed are water-soluble nanoparticles. The water-soluble nanoparticles are each surrounded by a multifunctional group ligand including an adhesive region, a cross linking region, and a reactive region. In the water-soluble nanoparticles, the cross-linking region of the multifunctional group ligand is cross-linked with another cross-linking region of a neighboring multifunctional group ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the production of sterically hindered diol ethers and diacyl ethers of formula

Abstract: Processes for producing polytrimethylene ether glycol and copolymers thereof are provided wherein, by condensing and recycling at least a portion of the vapor phase produced as the reaction progresses, the yield loss and polymer color are reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing membrane, in particular gas separation membrane, wherein the membrane comprises a selective separating layer. The following steps are carried out: a) a polymer solution is produced from at least one polymer and at least one polyglycol ether, b) the polymer solution is cast into a film, c) in a further step, the selective separating layer is produced from the film, preferably by drying. The invention, among other things, further relates to a membrane, in particular gas separation membrane, comprising a selective separating layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly functional, aliphatic, branched polyethers produced from oxiranes, in particular ethylene oxide and glycidol or the sulfur- or nitrogen-containing analogues thereof. The branched polyethers are in particular suited as a matrix for pharmacological and cosmetic active agents.

Abstract: Polyether polyols having equivalent weights of up to 500 are continuously prepared in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst. A first step of the reaction is performed at a temperature of at least 1500 C, while controlling the hydroxyl content and unreacted alkylene oxide content of the reaction mixture to within certain ranges. A portion of that reaction mixture is withdrawn and permitted to react non-isothermally to consume the unreacted alkylene oxide. This process is highly efficient, does not result in catalyst deactivation, as is commonly seen in previous processes, and does not produce a significant ultra high molecular weight tail.

Abstract: Provided are processes for preparing low molecular weight polytrimethylene ether glycol by acid catalyzed polycondensation, neutralization, removal of unreacted monomer, and contact with filter aid. The processes can avoid hydrolysis and yet provide product substantially free of catalyst derived end groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a poly(ethylene oxide) copolymerized with one alkylene oxide and to a poly(ethylene oxide-co-alkylene oxide) copolymer produced by such method, a photovoltaic device containing such poly(ethylene oxide-co-alkylene oxide)-copolymer, and to uses of such poly(ethylene oxide)-(alkylene oxide)-copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is branched poly(trimethylene ether)polyols prepared from the acid catalyzed polycondensation reaction of 1,3-propanediol, and at least one triol comonomer selected from 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane. Also disclosed is a branched poly(trimethylene ether)polyol with an equivalent hydroxyl functionality of about 2.1 to about 3.2 and a Mn of about 200 to about 6000. The polyols are useful in the preparation of polyurethane rigid and flexible foams.

Abstract: Polyalkylene ether glycol or copolymer thereof are prepared by contacting at least one alkanediol with a alkanediol containing cyclic sulfate.

Abstract: Highly-functionalized, low-viscosity polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation reaction of alcohols. The polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation of glycerin and monohydric and/or dihydric alcohol with the glycerin percentage being more than 50 mol % relative to 100 mol % of the total of the glycerin and alcohol. The glycerin may be crude glycerin obtained by hydrolysis or alcoholysis of natural fat and oils.

Abstract: The instant invention pertains to novel bi- or tricyclic sterically hindered alkoxyamines, their precursors, a process for their preparation and their use as light stabilizers for polymers or coatings, as flame retardants, as peroxide substitutes (rheology modifiers) or carbon radical scavengers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for amplifying DNA, a process for preparing and amplifying DNA, a kit of parts for DNA amplification and DNA preparation, and the use thereof, all of which are characterized by the use of tetraethylene glycol. Moreover, the use of tetraethylene glycol in a reaction solution by carrying out a DNA amplification and a reaction solution containing tetraethylene glycol for carrying out a DNA amplification are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyol, the method including: (a) reacting at least one selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated natural fat, an unsaturated natural fatty acid, and a fatty acid ester with dinitrogen monoxide, to obtain a first intermediate; (b) reacting the first intermediate with a hydrogenation reagent, to obtain a second intermediate; (c) reacting the second intermediate with at least one alkylene oxide, to obtain a polyol.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of protecting irradiated eukaryotic cells such as irradiated mammalian epithelial cells, from the deleterious effect of microbial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The invention also provides methods of protecting irradiated organisms from such deleterious effects, resulting in reduced mortality and morbidity. Further provided are kits containing relatively high molecular weight biocompatible polymers such as polyethylene glycol, optionally supplemented with a protective polymer such as dextran and/or essential pathogen nutrients such as L-glutamine, along with instructions for administration to organisms to be exposed to radiation.