Abstract: A method of catalytically forming reaction products can include providing an ionic liquid phase. The ionic liquid phase can include a catalyst and an ionic liquid. At least one reactant can be reacted (14,16) in the ionic liquid phase to produce reaction products which include at least one of methanol and dimethyl ether. In particular, the ionic liquid can be hydrophobic sufficient to prevent substantial water in the ionic liquid phase. The use of ionic liquids can substantially reduce or eliminate residual catalyst carrier, i.e. ionic liquid, in downstream steps.

Abstract: A process to prepare methanol and/or dimethylether from a solid carbonaceous feedstock comprising the steps of (a) feeding an oxygen-comprising gas and the carbonaceous feedstock to a burner firing into a reactor vessel, (b) performing a partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock in said burner to obtain a stream of hot synthesis gas and a liquid slag whereby both the hot synthesis gas and the liquid slag flow downwardly relative to the burner, (c) cooling the hot synthesis gas by direct contact with a liquid water-containing cooling medium, (d) performing a water shift reaction on at least part of the synthesis gas, to obtain a synthesis gas effluent, (e) performing an oxygenate synthesis using the synthesis gas effluent of step (d), to obtain a methanol and/or dimethylether containing oxygenate effluent and a first liquid water-rich by-product, wherein at least part of the first liquid water-rich by-product is used in step (c), forming at least part of the liquid water-containing cooling medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for increasing the carbon monoxide content of a feed gas mixture comprising carbon dioxide, hydrogen and carbon monoxide via a catalytic reversed water gas shift reaction, comprising the steps of (1) heating the feed gas mixture having an initial feed temperature of at most 350° C. in a first zone to a temperature within a reaction temperature range in the presence of a first catalyst; and (2) contacting the heated feed gas in a second zone within the reaction temperature range with a second catalyst. This process shows relatively high conversion of carbon dioxide, and virtually no methane or coke is being formed, allowing stable operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating insoluble components from sylvinite, wherein the sylvinite is suspended in a saturated salt brine, a coagulating agent is added to the suspension, and a foaming agent is then added to the composition thus obtained, said foaming agent comprising and ether and/or ester, wherein a) the ethers of formula 1 correspond to R—O—R? (1), where R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and R? is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; b) the esters are derived from monovalent or multivalent alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (alcohol radicals); or c) the ethers and/or esters are cyclic, wherein the ring size is 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel ether compound represented by formula (1): wherein R represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grid-connected power plant, having the following systems which are adjusted in their capacitance to each other: a) a wind power plant, water power plant, solar-thermal system and/or photovoltaic system for the production of electrical energy for operating the systems b) through f); b) a CO2 absorption system for the absorption of atmospheric CO2; c) a CO2 desorption system for the desorption of the CO2 gained in b); d) an electrochemical or solar-thermal H2 synthesis system for the operating system e); e) a synthesis system selected from the group catalytic methanol synthesis, catalytic DME synthesis, catalytic methane synthesis; f) a storage system selected from the group methanol storage system, DME storage system, methane storage system. The invention also relates to the use of such a power plant and methods for the operation of such a power plant.

Abstract: Processes and facilities for the production of biological synthesis gases and/or a synthetic propellant, in particular DME (dimethyl ether), and/or biological silica using biogenic input materials and comprising the following steps: Allothermal gasification of the biogenic input material by means of impulse burners for the integrated generation of process heat in a fluidized bed gasifier Gasification of inert pyrolytic coke from the first gasification step in a second gasification step preferably operated in parallel according to the principle of the expanded or circulating fluidized bed using oxygen/steam as gasification agents Combination of at least part of the gasification products from the two gasifiers for common processing

Abstract: Glycol ethers are made by a process in which an alcohol, an alkylene oxide and a catalytic amount of an aromatic, heterocyclic amine catalyst are contacted under reactive conditions. Representative catalysis include substituted and unsubstituted pyridines and imidazoles. The process uses known oxides and alcohols, and produces more mono- and di- adduct products than does a corresponding process using a caustic catalyst. Moreover, the process can be conducted at a lower reaction temperature than a corresponding process using a caustic catalyst without sacrificing oxide conversion rates yet producing fewer carfoonyl impurities.

Abstract: Systems and processes for producing one or more products from syngas are provided. A feedstock can be gasified in the presence of an oxidant to provide a syngas comprising carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. At least a portion of the syngas can be combusted to provide an exhaust gas. At least a portion of the exhaust gas can be introduced to a channel having one or more reaction zones at least partially disposed therein, wherein the one or more reaction zones are in indirect heat exchange with the exhaust gas, wherein the one or more reaction zones comprises one or more catalyst-containing tubes. A reactant can be reacted in at least one of the one or more reaction zones to provide one or more reactor products.

Abstract: A process for producing a fuel, which comprises the step of performing electrolysis on an alcoholic solution or a melt of a fatty acid or salt thereof or fatty acid ester or other derivative or precursor thereof, to decarboxylate said fatty acid or derivative, and produce a mixture of an ether and an alkene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supported catalyst based on palladium-?-alumina, which is characterized in that the catalyst support material contains 1 to 1000 ppm by mass of sodium oxide and has a specific pore volume of 0.4 to 0.9 ml/g and a BET surface area of 150 to 350 m2/g. The invention further relates to a process for hydrogenating polyunsaturated ethers with hydrogen to the corresponding saturated ethers, in which the catalyst used is such a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic composition containing a functional component selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic polymer, an enzyme, a setting agent, a paraffin, an oil, a colorant and a hair or skin care substance. The method includes providing an n-nonyl ether, a functional component which is able to react with an n-nonyl alcohol component, and, if appropriate, at least one further additive substance; and mixing the n-nonyl ether, the functional component and the at least one further additive substance. The invention further relates to a method for producing and using a molded article, a method for producing an item to be packaged, the use of at least one n-nonyl ether, a method for producing and/or cleaning the surfaces of boreholes, drilling devises or drill cuttings, and also to methods for producing an oil or a gas.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing compounds of formula (I-A) or (I-B) here below: by reaction of perfluoroallylfluorosulfate (FAFS) of formula (II): with at least one hypofluorite of formula (II-A) or (II-B): wherein: RF in formulae (I-A) and (II-A) is a monovalent fluorocarbon C1-C20 group, optionally comprising oxygen catenary atoms, optionally comprising functional groups comprising heteroatoms (e.g. —SO2F groups); R?F in formulae (I-B) and (II-B) is a divalent fluorocarbon C1-C6 group, preferably a group of formula wherein X1 and X2, equal to or different from each other, are independently a fluorine atom or a C1-C3 fluorocarbon group. The FAFS-hypofluorite adducts of formulae (I-A) and (I-B) can be produced with high selectivity so as to access useful intermediates which can further be reacted taking advantage of the un-modified fluorosulfate group chemistry.

Abstract: Processes for preparing polytrimethylene ether glycol or copolymers thereof using an acid polycondensation catalyst and ion exchange resins are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for rendering coal as an environmentally essentially carbon dioxide-neutral fuel. Carbon dioxide produced from coal combustion is captured, purified, combined with coalbed methane or any other natural methane or natural gas source, or with hydrogen, and reacted under reaction conditions sufficient to form methanol and/or dimethyl ether, which can be used as fuel or feedstock for derived synthetic hydrocarbons and products.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for rendering petroleum oil as an essentially environmentally carbon dioxide-neutral fuel and source material. Carbon dioxide produced from petroleum oil combustion is captured, purified, combined with steam and light hydrocarbon fractions, or with hydrogen, and reacted under reaction conditions sufficient to form methanol and/or dimethyl ether, which can be used as fuel or feedstock for derived synthetic hydrocarbons and products.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of dialkyl ethers from C4 to C8 straight-chain alcohols using an ionic liquid.

Abstract: Novel 1,3-dialkyloxy-2-propanol and alkoxylates thereof may be prepared in good yield by a convenient process comprising adding epichlorohydrin to a stoichiometric excess of alcohol, wherein the ratio of alcohol:epichlorohydrin is at least about 3:1, preferably in the presence of a Group 1A metal hydroxide and a phase transfer catalyst. The result shows excellent selectivity of to the 1,3-substitution positions, and the alkyl chain may be saturated or unsaturated and may contain one or more heteroatoms. The alkoxylates may include repeating alkoxy units in the 2-position. The compositions are useful as surfactants, diluents, and the like.

Abstract: This invention provides a modified liquid epoxy resin having a low viscosity and a high performance, which is obtained by reacting a mixture of a bisphenol and a phenol aralkyl resin with an epiholohydrin. The bisphenol is preferable to be bisphenol F and is further preferable to have a bifunctional form purity as detected by gel permeation chromatography at UV 254 nm of not less than 95% by area in view of the fluidity. Moreover, the mixture of bisphenol and the phenol aralkyl resin is preferable to have a ratio of the phenol aralkyl resin of 10-70% by mass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1,2-propanediol by hydrogenation of glycerol by means of hydrogen gas, wherein glycerol is reacted with hydrogen in at least “i” fluidically interconnected reactors R1 to Ri each having a hydrogenation catalyst to form 1,2-propanediol, wherein the process comprises sequential steps from reactors R1 through Rn, wherein n as used hereinafter is an integer in the range from 2 to i. The process includes introducing hydrogen gas and a glycerol phase into the first reactor R1 and a first 1,2-propanediol containing phase and a first hydrogen phase are formed in the reactor, and introducing sequentially the 1,2-propanediol containing phase formed in the preceding reactor and hydrogen into each of the subsequent reactors wherein the glycerol phase containing at least 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the glycerol phase of glycerol.

Abstract: Processes for preparing dibutyl ethers from isobutanol using an ionic liquid.

Abstract: Polyketal polymers, and methods of making and using such polyketal polymers are disclosed herein. The polyketal poylmers can be useful for applications including, for example, medical devices and pharmaceutical compositions. In a preferred embodiment, the polyketal polymers are biodegradable.

Abstract: A tube bundle falling film microreactor for performing gas-liquid reactions, which has: a) at least one vertical tube with b) a device for distributing the liquid on the inside of the tube and c) a liquid collecting system, and d) a device for gas supply and removal, and use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modified carbon nanotube having —C(O)—R? or —C(O)—R—COOH covalently bounded to a surface of carbon nanotube, wherein R? is C1-C26 alkyl or C2-C26 alkenyl, and R is C1-C26 alkylene or C2-C26 alkenylene. The present invention also discloses a carbon nanotubes/polymer composite having electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, which contains 0.1-10% of modified carbon nanotubes, based on the weight of the polymer. The present invention further provides methods for preparing the modified carbon nanotubes and the composite.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) wherein R2 is a branched or unbranched, saturated or ethylenically mono or di unsaturated aliphatic radical, Z is —CH2OH, —CH2OAc or —CHO, m is a whole positive integer of one or more, and Ac is an acetyl group are synthesized by a process wherein a 1-alken-3-yl alkylate, is reacted with a halo alkanol Grignard reagent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of new polyols and polyesters from a natural oil or other unsaturated fatty acid esters is described. The process involves ozone cleavage of double bonds in the fatty acid chains of the oils along with coupling of a hydroxylated compound such as a mono-alcohol, a diol, or a polyol to the cleaved ends of the molecules resulting from the cleavage with a base. The resulting polyols and polyesters are as intermediates for polymers.

Abstract: Catalyst based reactions are taught for non-oxidative chemical conversion of liquid alcohols to higher boiling alcohols, ethers, glycol ethers, amines and oxygenated gasoline products, comprising ethanol to butanol, propanols to hexanols, butanols to octanols, ethanol plus butanol to ethyl butyl ethers, ethanol plus ethyl butyl ethers to ethyl hexyl ethers as oxygenated gasoline, ethanol plus ethyl hexyl ethers to butyl hexyl ethers as oxygenated gasoline, n-butyl amine plus ethanol to ethyl butyl amine, hexyl amines and related products at ambient pressure. This same catalytic chemistry also converts substituted liquid organic compounds comprising aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, organic acids and thiols possessing at least one active hydrogen to related alkylated organic products in the absence of air. Catalysts are based on selected transition metal complexes possessing a degree of symmetry.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing one or more of an alkylene glycol or poly-alkylene glycol by the reaction of an alkylene oxide and water whereby reduced levels of undesired by products such as carbonyl compounds, ultraviolet light absorbing compounds and various metal species are produced.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the co-production of ethylene and dimethyl ether, comprising (i) providing a feedstock comprising ethanol and methanol, with a weight ratio of methanol to ethanol being in a range of from 1:10 to 10:1; (ii) feeding the feedstock into a reaction zone containing a solid catalyst to give an effluent, wherein a reaction temperature is in a range of from 200 to 480° C., a reaction pressure is in a range of from 0 to 2 MPa (gauge), and a weight hourly space velocity of the feedstock is in a range of from 0.1 to 10 h?1, and wherein the solid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of alumina catalysts and crystalline aluminosilicate catalysts; and (iii) isolating ethylene and dimethyl ether from the effluent from step (ii).

Abstract: New polyol ether compounds and a process for their preparation. The process comprises reacting a polyol, a carbonyl compound, and hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenation catalyst, to provide the polyol ether. The molar ratio of polyol to carbonyl compound in the process is greater than 5:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products by reaction of compounds having a nucleophilic center with alkylene oxides in a reactor having a large inner surface. The invention is characterized in that the reaction is carried out exclusively in the liquid phase.

Abstract: Processes and systems for purifying ethylene oxide, including introducing a feed stream including ethylene oxide to a heat exchanger to heat the feed stream, feeding the heated feed stream to a distillation apparatus base below a first stage, removing from the distillation apparatus an impurity fraction as a top exit stream from the distillation apparatus located at a top take-off on the distillation apparatus, removing from the distillation apparatus an ethylene oxide stream of 99.7 weight percent purity, based on the total weight of the ethylene oxide stream, from the distillation apparatus, and removing from the distillation apparatus an aldehyde enriched fraction as a bottom stream from the distillation apparatus, where the aldehyde enriched fraction is fed directly to a glycol reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of converting glycerol to oxygenates (i.e. one or more oxygen-containing hydrocarbons) of lower boiling point than glycerol itself The method involves reaction of glycerol with an alcohol under reduced pressure at a reaction temperature in a range of 150 to 300° C. in the presence of an oxygenation (solid acid) catalyst. The reaction product contains volatile oxygenates that may be used as fuels or fuel additives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slurry catalyst and a method for preparing the same, and belongs to the technical field of preparing catalyst. Particularly, the present invention provides a slurry catalyst directly used in a slurry bed reactor for synthesizing methanol and dimethyl ether and a method for preparing the same, which uses the complete liquid phase preparation from solution to slurry without the conventional slurry-producing process of firstly forming a solid catalyst and dispersing it into an inert medium after crushing and milling. This catalyst mainly comprises Cu, Zn, Al and Zr, wherein atomic ratios of each of components are Cu/Zn/(Al+Zr)=1/0.1-5/0.15-15 and Zr/Al=1:1.0-1:30, and one or two selected from the group consisting of lanthanide metals, Mn, Mo, Si, V, W, Cr, Mg, Ni, K, Pd, Rh, Ru, Re, Pt and Sr is used a promoter.

Abstract: A mixed-bed catalytic system and its activation for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas are described, comprising a catalyst for methanol synthesis and the zeolite ferrierite in its acid form as the methanol dehydrating component, the two being mixed physically in the form of powder of defined granulometry or as pellets. Another object of the present invention is a process for production of the acid form of the zeolite ferrierite. Another object of the present invention is a process for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from a synthesis gas, using the catalytic system of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of stockpiling a fuel source by storing methanol or dimethyl ether in appropriate storage facilities to provide an alternative fuel source that can be used to avoid shortages due to unavailability, limited availability or excessive costs of oil.

Abstract: This invention describes genes, metabolic pathways, microbial strains and methods to produce methyl butanol and other compounds of interest from renewable feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for converting alkyl halides to alkyl alcohol alkoxylates is described. This is a direct alkoxylation because the alkyl alcohol alkoxylates are made without going through an alkyl alcohol intermediate. The process comprises direct alkoxylation coupling of alkyl halides with a nucleophilic material in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system to produce alkyl alcohol alkoxylates, wherein the homogeneous catalyst system comprises at least one metal or metal compound which has the ability to form metal-halogen bonds. A process for converting alkanes (paraffins) to alkyl alcohol alkoxylates is also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for converting a carbonaceous material to a desired product comprising methane, methanol and/or dimethyl ether, the process comprising: gasifying the carbonaceous material at a temperature in excess of about 700° C. to form synthesis gas; and flowing the synthesis gas through two or more reaction zones in a microchannel reactor to convert the synthesis gas to the desired product.

Abstract: A process for making glycerol di-tert-butyl ethers is disclosed. In one aspect of the invention, glycerol and isobutylene react in the presence of a ?-zeolite having a silicon to aluminum ratio greater than 150. In another aspect, the etherification is performed in the presence of a ?-zeolite and added tert-butyl alcohol. Each process selectively provides glycerol di-tert-butyl ethers while reducing the generation of isobutylene dimers and trimers. Utilizing both aspects of the inventive process simultaneously affords a diether product mixture containing less than 5 wt. % of isobutylene oligomers.

Abstract: A process to prepare methanol and/or dimethylether from a solid carbonaceous feedstock comprising the steps of (a) feeding an oxygen-comprising gas and the carbonaceous feedstock to a burner firing into a reactor vessel, (b) performing a partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock in said burner to obtain a stream of hot synthesis gas and a liquid slag whereby both the hot synthesis gas and the liquid slag flow downwardly relative to the burner, (c) cooling the hot synthesis gas by direct contact with a liquid water-containing cooling medium, (d) performing a water shift reaction on at least part of the synthesis gas, to obtain a synthesis gas effluent, (e) performing an oxygenate synthesis using the synthesis gas effluent of step (d), to obtain a methanol and/or dimethylether containing oxygenate effluent and a first liquid water-rich by-product, wherein at least part of the first liquid water-rich by-product is used in step (c), forming at least part of the liquid water-containing cooling medium.

Abstract: A process for the production of dialkyl ether, the process including: feeding a stream comprising an alkyl alcohol to a distillation column reactor system; concurrently in the distillation column reactor system: i) contacting the alkyl alcohol with a catalytic distillation structure in a distillation reaction zone thereby catalytically reacting at least a portion of the alkyl alcohol to form a corresponding dialkyl ether and water; and ii) fractionating the resulting dialkyl ether from the water; operating the distillation column reactor system to obtain substantially complete conversion of the alkyl alcohol to form the corresponding dialkyl ether and water; recovering the dialkyl ether from the distillation column reactor as an overheads fraction; recovering the water from the distillation column reactor as a bottoms fraction.

Abstract: A compound of general formula (I) with or without the double bond illustrated by the dotted line. In formula (I), X is a CHO, CH2OH, CH2OC(O)R or CH(OR)2 group, and R represents a linear or branched C1-C5 alkyl or alkenyl chain. The synthesis method for the compound, and especially the 6,8-dimethyl-non-7-enal (1) prepared by the hydroformylation of the 5,7-dimethyl-octa-1,6-diene is also disclosed, as well as compositions containing the compounds of formula (I). Due to the odorant properties thereof, the compounds are highly useful in perfumery, especially for cosmetic products and household products.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the production of dimethyl ether. The process improves the effectiveness of the production of dimethyl ether. Especially, the process can be combined with processes for the production of methanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making dibutyl ethers using a reactant comprising 1-butanol and water. The dibutyl ethers so produced are useful in transportation fuels.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method of forming dimethyl ether by bimolecular dehydration of methanol produced from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide obtained by reforming of methane, water and carbon dioxide in a ratio of about 3:2:1. Subsequent use of water produced in the dehydration of methanol in the bi-reforming process leads to an overall ratio of carbon dioxide to methane of about 1:3 to produce dimethyl ether.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making butenes using a reactant comprising isobutanol and water. The butenes so produced may be converted to isoalkanes, alkyl-substituted aromatics, isooctanes, isooctanols, and octyl ethers, which are useful in transportation fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making isooctenes using a reactant comprising 2-butanol and water. The isooctenes so produced are useful for the production of fuel additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for preparing alkyl ethers from glycerin by reactive distillation. For example, the present invention provides a method for the preparation of mono-, di- and tri-ethers of glycerin, either in the presence or absence of fatty acids, contaminants by reactive distillation using solid catalysts. Specific desirable final products according to the reactive distillation method provided herein include glycerin ethers and fatty acid esters of C4-C5 alcohols, such as for example, isobutanol, tert-butanol, and isoamyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making butenes using dry 2-butanol obtained from fermentation broth. The butenes so produced may be converted to isoalkanes, alkyl-substituted aromatics, isooctanes, isooctanols, and octyl ethers, which are useful in transportation fuels.